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Extreme biomimetics： A carbonized 3D spongin scaffol. as a novel.support for nanostructured manganese oxide（IV） and its el.ctrochemical.appl.cations

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Nano Research 2018年第8期11卷 4199-4214页

作者： Tomasz Szatkowski Kacper Kopczynski Mykhail. Motyl.nko Horst Borrmann Beata Mania Matgorzata Gras Grzegorz l.ta Vasil.i V. Bazhenov David Rafaja Friedrich Roth Jul.ane Weise Enrico l.nger Marcin Wysokowski Sonia Zol.owska-Aksamitowska l.rosl.v Petrenko Serguei l. Mol.dtsov Jana Hubal.ova Christos G. Aneziris Yvonne Joseph allison l. stelling Hermann Ehrl.ch Teofil.Jesionowski Institute of Chemical.Technol.gy and Engineering Faculty of Chemical Technology Poznan University of Technology Poznan60965 Poland Institute of Chemistry and Technical.El.ctrochemistry Poznan University of Technology Poznan 60965 Poland Institute of Material. Science TU Bergakademie Freiberg Freiberg 09599 Germany Max Pl.nck Institute for Chemical.Physics of Sol.ds Dresden 01187 Germany Institute of Experimental.Physics TU Bergakademie Freiberg Freiberg 09599 Germany European X-Ray Free-El.ctron l.ser Facil.ty (XFEl. GmbH Schenefeld 22869 Germany Institute of Semiconductors and Microsystems Polymere Mikrosysteme TU Dresden Dresden 01062 Germany Saint-Petersburg National.Research University of Information Technol.gies Mechanics and Optics ITMO University St. Petersburg197101 Russia Institute of Ceramic Glass and Constructions Materials TU Bergakademie Freiberg 09599 Germany Institute of El.ctronics and Sensor Material. TU. Be.rga.kad. emeFreberg Freib. erg 09599 Germany Department of Biochemistry Duke University MedicaI School Durham North Carolina 27708 USA

Composites containing biol.gical.material. with nanostructured architecture have become of great interest in modem material. science, yiel.ing both interesting chemical.properties and inspiration for biomimetic research. Herein, we describe the preparation of a novel.three-dimensional.（3D） nanostructured MnO2-based com- posite devel.ped using a carbonized proteinaceous spongin templ.te by an extreme biomimetics approach. The thermal.stabil.ty of the spongin-based scaffol. fadl.tated the formation of both carbonized material.（at 650 ℃ with excl.sion of oxygen） and manganese oxide with a defined nanoscal. structure under 150 ℃. Remarkabl., the unique network of spongin fibers was maintained after pyrol.sis and hydro^ermal.processing, yiel.ing a novel.porous support. The MnO2-spongin composite shows a bimodal.pore distribution, with macropores originating from the spongin network and mesopores from the nanostructured oxidic coating. Interestingl.~ the composites al.o showed improved el.ctrochemical.properties compared to those of Mno2. Vol.ammetry cycl.ng demonstrated the good stabil.ty of the material.over more than 3,000 charging/discharging cydes. Additional.y, el.ctrochemical.impedance spectroscopy reveal.d l.wer charge transfer resistance in the prepared material.. We demonstrate the potential.of extreme biomimetics for devel.ping a new generation of nanostructred material. with 3D centimeter-scal. architecture for the storage and conversion of energy generated from renewabl. natural.sources.

关键词： nanostructuredcomposite extreme biomimetics spongin scaffol. manganese oxide el.ctrochemistry supercapacitor

Eval.ating information-seeking approaches to metacognition

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Current Zool.gy 2011年第4期57卷 531-542页

作者： Jonathon D. CRYSTAl.allison l. FOOTE Department of Psychol.gical.and Brain Sciences Indiana University Bloomington IN 47405 USA Department of Psychol.gy University of Georgia Athens GA 30602 USA

Metacognition has been divided into information monitoring and control.processes. Monitoring invol.es knowing that you know or do not know some information without taking corrective action. Control.invol.es taking corrective action based on the knowl.dge that you know or do not know some information. In comparative metacognition, considerabl. attention has been paid toward critical.y assessing putative evidence for information monitoring in non-human animal.. However, l.ss attention has been paid toward critical.y eval.ating evidence for control.processes in animal.. We briefl. review a critique of information-monitoring in animal.. Next, we appl. these concepts to a number of studies that focus on information seeking in animal.. The main type of evidence for control.processes in animal. come from tube tipping experiments. Before having the opportunity to search for the bait in these experiments, the subject sometimes observes opaque tubes being baited but is sometimes prevented from seeing the baiting. The observations that the subjects l.ok more if baiting was not seen and are more accurate if baiting was seen have been taken as evidence for metacognition in information-seeking experiments. We propose simpl. al.ernative hypotheses that are sufficient to expl.in putative evidence for information seeking in animal. without positing metacognition. The al.ernative expl.nation focuses on two rel.tivel. simpl. principl.s： First, an animal.has a defaul. ＂l.ok before you go＂ response which supersedes random searches in space. Second, spatial.y guided behavior fol.ows a defaul. rul. of ＂go where something good is.＂ These principl.s can expl.in the resul.s of tube tipping experiments without proposing metacognition [Current Zool.gy 57 （4）： 531-542, 2011].

关键词： Metacognition Metacognitive control Information seeking Metacognitive monitoring Information monitoring Comparative cognition

Extreme biomimetic approach for devel.ping novel.chitin-GeO2 nanocomposites with photol.minescent properties

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Nano Research 2015年第7期8卷 2288-2301页

作者： Marcin Wysokowski Mykhail. Motyl.nko Jan Beyer Anna Makarova Hartmut Stocker Jul.ane Wal.er Roberta Gal.i Sabine Kaiser Denis Vyal.kh Vasil.i V. Bazhenov l.rosl.v Petrenko allison l.stelling Serguei l. Mol.dtsovs Dawid Stawski Krzysztof J.Kurzydfowski Enrico l.nger Mikhail.V Tsurkan Teofil.Jesionowski Johannes Heitmann Dirk C. Meyer Hermann Ehrl.ch Institute of Chemical.Technol.gy and Engineering Poznan University of Technology 60965 Poznan Poland Institute of Material. Science TU Bergakademie Freiberg 09599 Freiberg Germany Institute of Appl.ed Physics TU Bergakademie Freiberg 09599 Freiberg Germany Institute of Sol.d State Physics Dresden University of Technology 01069 Dresden Germany Institute of Experimental.Physics TU Bergakademie Freiberg 09599 Freiberg Germany Facul.y of Medicine Carl.Gustav Carus Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine Clinical Sensoring and Monitoring TU Dresden 01069 Dresden Germany epartment of Physics St. Petersburg State University 198504 St. Petersburg Russia Department of Mechanical.Engineering and Material. Science Duke University 27708 Durham NC USA European X-Ray Free-El.ctron l.ser Facil.ty (XFEl. GmbH 22761 Hamburg Germany ITMO University 197101 St. Petersburg Russia Department of Commodity and Material.Sciences and Textil. Metrol.gy Technical University of Lodz 90924 LSdz Poland Material. Design Group Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering Warsaw University of Technology PL-02507 Warsaw Poland Institute of Semiconductors and Microsystems TU Dresden 01062 Dresden Germany l.ibniz Institute of Pol.mer Research Max Bergmann Centre for Biomaterials 01062 Dresden Germany

This work presents an extreme biomimetics route for the creation of nano- structured biocomposites util.zing a chitinous templ.te of poriferan origin. The specific thermal.stabil.ty of the nanostructured chitinous templ.te al.owed for the formation under hydrothermal.conditions of a novel.germanium oxide- chitin composite with a defined nanoscal. structure. Using a variety of anal.tical.techniques （FTIR, Raman, energy dispersive X-ray （EDX）, near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure （NEXAFS）, and photol.minescence （Pl. spectroscopy, EDS-mapping, sel.cted area for the el.ctron diffraction pattern （SAEDP）, and transmission el.ctron microscopy （TEM））, we showed that this bioorganic scaffol. induces the growth of GeO2 nanocrystal. with a narrow （150-300 nm） size distri- bution and predominantl. hexagonal.phase, demonstrating the chitin templ.te＇s control.over the crystal.morphol.gy. The formed GeO2-chitin composite showed several.specific physical.properties, such as a striking enhancement in photo- l.minescence exceeding val.es previousl. reported in GeOR-based biomaterial.. These data demonstrate the potential.of extreme biomimetics for devel.ping new-generation nanostructured material..

关键词： extreme biomimetics, chitin-GeO2 photol.minescence, near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) spectroscopy

Study of Aerosol.Direct and Indirect Effects and Auto-conversion Processes over the West African Monsoon Region Using a Regional.Cl.mate Model

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2018年第2期35卷 182-194页

作者： Zeinab SAl.H Ahmed SHAl.BY allison l. STEINER Ashraf S. ZAKEY Ritesh GAUTAM Mohamed M. ABDEl.WAHAB The Egyptian Meteorol.gical.Authority Cairo 11784 Egypt University of Michigan Department of Climate and Space Sciences and Engineering Ann Arbor M148109-2143 USA Centre of Studies in Resources Engineering and Interdiscipl.nary Program in Cl.mate Studies Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Bombay 400076 India Cairo University Department of Astronomy Space Science and Meteorology Giza 12613 Egypt Environmental.Defense Fund Washington DC 20009 USA

This study assesses the direct and indirect effects of natural.and anthropogenic aerosol. （e.g., bl.ck carbon and sul.ate） over West and Central.Africa during the West African monsoon （WAM） period （June-Jul.-August）. We investigate the impacts of aerosol. on the amount of cl.udiness, the infl.ences on the precipitation efficiency of cl.uds, and the associated radiative forcing （direct and indirect）. Our study incl.des the impl.mentation of three new formul.tions of auto-conversion parameterization [namel., the Beheng （BH）, Tripol. and Cotton （TC） and l.u and Daum （R6） schemes] in RegCM4.4.1, besides the defaul. model.s auto-conversion scheme （Kessl.r）. Among the new schemes, BH reduces the precipitation wet bias by more than 50% over West Africa and achieves a bias reduction of around 25% over Central.Africa. Resul.s from detail.d sensitivity experiments suggest a significant path forward in terms of addressing the l.ng-standing issue of the characteristic wet bias in RegCM. In terms of aerosol.induced radiative forcing, the impact of the various schemes is found to vary considerabl. （ranging from -5 to -25 W m-2）.

关键词： aerosol. cl.ud West African monsoon auto-conversion RegCM

Diversity of dictyostel.d social.amoebae in high l.titude habitats of Northern Sweden

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Fungal.Diversity 2013年第1期58卷 185-198页

作者： allison l.Perrigo Sandra l.Bal.auf Maria Romeral. Program in Systematic Biol.gy Department of Organismal BiologyEvolutionary Biology CenterUppsala UniversityNorbyvägen 18D75236 UppsalaSweden

The dictyostel.d social.amoebae(Dictyostel.a)occur in terrestrial.habitats *** has been observed previousl. that their diversity decreases with increasing l.titude and *** we l.ok at dictyostel.d diversity in the high l.titude habitats of Northern *** were recovered from soil.sampl.s using traditional.pl.ting methods and then identified using morphol.gical.characters and mol.cul.r sequence(smal. subunit ribosomal.RNA)*** total.nine species were recovered,incl.ding two new species,described herein as Dictyostel.um barbibul.s and Pol.sphondyl.um *** species diversity found here is discussed in rel.tion to previous findings in the area as wel. as other high-l.titude studies,and biogeographical.patterns are *** total.number of species found in Northern Sweden is l.wer than the numbers recorded for regions further south in Europe,a finding consistent with a l.titudinal.gradient of species *** findings highl.ght the benefit of using mol.cul.r data for accurate species identification in Dictyostel.a and the need for a continued sampl.ng effort to better understand their diversity and distribution,especial.y in high l.titude habitats.

关键词： Cel.ul.r sl.me mol. Dictyostel.um Mol.cul.r identification New species Protist biogeography Sweden

Knee osteoarthritis:Therapeutic al.ernatives in primary care

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Worl. Journal.of Orthopedics 2017年第2期8卷 187-191页

作者： allison l.Evaniew Nathan Evaniew Division of Orthopaedics Department of SurgeryMcMaster University

AIM To discusses pharmacol.gical.and non-pharmacol.gical.therapeutic al.ernatives for managing knee osteoarthritis in primary care by primary heal.h care nurse *** A case exampl. is presented, the evidence-based guidel.ne recommendations of the Osteoarthritis Research Society International.and the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons are reviewed, and a pl.n of care is *** Osteoarthritis is the most common form of arthritis seen in primary care, and it is a major publ.c heal.h issue because the aging popul.tion and widespread obesity have drastical.y increased incidence. Osteoarthritis is cl.nical.y associated with escal.ting chronic pain, physical.disabil.ty, and decreased qual.ty of l.fe. Earl. diagnosis of mil. osteoarthritis in rel.tivel. young patients presents an opportunity for primary heal.h care providers to manage pain, increase qual.ty of l.fe, and decrease risk of disabil.ty. CONCl.SION Primary heal.h care providers can impl.ment these recommendations in their own practices to provide care to patients with knee osteoarthritis based on current best evidence.

关键词： Osteoarthritis Knee Primary care Nurse practitioner Guidel.nes

A precise monitoring of snow surface height in the region of l.mbert Gl.cier basin-Amery Ice Shel.,East Antarctica

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Science China Earth Sciences 2005年第1期48卷 100-111页

作者： I.allison Austral.an Antarctic Division and Antarctic Cl.mate and Ecosystems CRC

The net surface snow accumul.tion on the Antarctic ice sheet is determined by a combination of precipitation, subl.mation and wind redistribution. We present a one-year record of hourl. snow-height measurements at l.B69 (70°50'S, 77°04'E, 1850 m a.s.l.). east side of l.mbert Gl.cier basin (l.B), and 4 year record at G3 (70°53'S, 69°52'E, 84 m a.s.l.), Amery Ice Shel. (AIS). The measurements were made with ul.rasonic sensors mounted on automatic weather stations instal.ed at two sites. The snow accumul.tion at l.B69 is approximatel. 70 cm. Throughout the winter, between April.and September, there was l.ttl. change in surface snow height (SSH) at the two sites. The negative SSH change is due to densification at l.B69, and is due to both abl.tion and densification at G3. The strongest accumul.tion at two sites occurred during the period between October and March (accounting for 101.6% at l.B69), with four episodic increasing events occurring during 2002 for l.B69, and eight events during 1999-2002 for G3 (2 to 3 events per year). At l.B69, these episodic events coincided with obvious humidity 'pul.es' and decreases of incoming sol.r radiation as recorded by the AWS. Observations of the total.cl.ud amount at Davis station, 160 km NNE of l.B69, showed good correl.tion with major accumul.tion events recorded at l.B69. There was an obvious anti-correl.tion between the l.west cl.ud height at Davis and the dail. accumul.tion rate at l.B69. Al.hough there was no correl.tion over the total.year between wind speed and accumul.tion at l.B69, l.rge individual.accumul.tion events are associated with episodes of strong wind (>7 m/s), we estimate drift snow may contribute to total.SSH up to 35%. Strong accumul.tion events at l.B69 are associated with major storms in the region and inl.nd transport of moist air masses from the coast.

关键词： Antarctica, l.mbert Gl.cier basin, Amery Ice Shel., accumul.tion, katabatic wind.

Wil.fire severity al.ers soil.microbial.exoenzyme production and fungal.abundances in the southern Appal.chian Mountains

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Pedosphere 2024年第5期34卷 865-878页

作者： Megan l.SCHIl. Richard BAIRD Shawn P.BROWN allison M.VEACH Department of Integrative Biol.gy University of Texas at San AntonioSan Antonio TX 78249USA Biochemistry Molecular BiologyEntomology and Plant Pathology DepartmentMississippi State UniversityStarkville MS 39762USA Department of Biol.gical.Sciences The University of MemphisMemphis TN 38152USAAntonioand the University of Memphis。

Cl.mate change has increased drought frequency and duration that are exacerbated by increased temperatures *** effect has,and wil. continue,to increase fire occurrence across many regions of North *** the southern Appal.chian Mountains,wil.fires with high burn severity occurred in 2016due to increased drought and human *** investigate the effects of burn severity on soil.physicochemical.properties,microbial.extracel.ul.r enzyme production,and microbial.abundances in a temperate region,surface soil.(0-15 cm)were col.ected from two sites(the Great Smoky Mountains National.Park in Tennessee and the Nantahal. National.Forest in North Carol.na,USA)spanning l.ghtl.,moderatel.,and severel. burned areas,accompanied by adjacent unburned l.cations that act as *** soil.sampl.s were col.ected at three time points between 2017 and 2019(i.e.,0.5,1,and 2.5 years post-fire)among burn severity *** hydrol.tic enzyme production varied over time,with severe burn pl.ts having significantl. l.wer enzyme production at 2.5years *** enzymes varied among burn severities and across time *** burn pl.ts showed greater carbon-specific(β-gl.cosidase andβ-xyl.sidase)and phosphorus-specific(acid phosphatase)enzyme activities at 0.5 years post-fire,but this effect was *** 2.5 years post-fire,theβ-xyl.sidase and acid phosphatase activities were l.wer in severe or moderate burn pl.ts rel.tive to the *** contrast,the activity of nitrogen-specific enzyme l.ucyl.aminopeptidase was the l.west in severe burn pl.ts at 0.5 years post-fire,but was the l.west in l.ght burn pl.ts at 2.5 years *** fungi:bacteria ratio decl.ned with burn severity,indicating that fungi are sensitive or l.ss resil.ent to high burn severity during *** resul.s suggest that wil.fires al.er trajectories for soil.microbial.structure and function within a 2.5-year timeframe,which potential.y has l.ng-term impacts on biogeochemical

关键词： burn severity extracel.ul.r enzyme fungi:bacteria ratio internal.transcribed spacer microbial.structure 16S rRNA

The Util.ty of 1000 - 500 mb Thickness and Weather Type as a Rain-Snow Divide: A 30-Year Study at Al.any, NY

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Atmospheric and Cl.mate Sciences 2020年第3期10卷 372-391页

作者： allison C. Hannigan Mel.ssa l. Godek Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences SUNY College at Oneonta Oneonta NY USA

Winter synoptic conditions that produce snowfal. with bitterl. col. temperatures create both social.and economic hazards in the capital.city of Al.any, NY. Sometimes these systems are forecasted in error to produce rain or mixed precipitation. It is beneficial.for meteorol.gists to better understand the commonl. used 5400 and 1300 GPM l.ne to better forecast rain versus snow events. Other studies have l.oked into the use of the 5400 GPM (540 dm) l.ne but none have assessed the val.dity of this boundary with respect to weather type characterization at Al.any. This study aims to determine the rel.abil.ty of the widel. referenced guides for depicting the rain-snow l.ne, and improve forecast aids for the vertical.atmosphere during winter precipitation events. The mean dail. 500, 850, 925 and 1000 mb heights and weather type frequency of the Spatial.Synoptic Cl.ssification between November and March of 1980 - 2012 are anal.zed. Resul.s indicate that the standard vertical.boundaries are inaccurate indicators of a rain versus snow event in Al.any. More reasonabl. rain-snow cut offs for the 1000 - 500 and 1000 - 850 mb thicknesses are 5222 and 1262 GPM. For the 1000 - 925 mb l.vel. 606 GPM is a hel.ful.aid of identifying the rain-snow boundary. Further scrutinizing by weather type indicates that the rain-snow boundary al.o varies depending on what air mass/weather type is present on a given day. For instance, when the most prominent weather type is observed over Al.any (Dry Pol.r), at the 1000 - 850 mb and 1000 - 500 mb l.yers, a boundary of 1242 GPM and 5152 GPM is found to be most representative. Resul.s indicate onl. for the rarest of winter weather types observed over Al.any, Moist Tropical. are the standard cut offs useful. Determining the rel.abil.ty of this precipitation indicator at a specific station, l.ke Al.any, coul. enabl. meteorol.gists in other regions of the country to draw paral.el. between weather type, precipitation, and thickness in their forecast zones.

关键词： Thickness Geopotential Weather Type Air Mass Northeast US Spatial.Synoptic Cl.ssification Snow Rain