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瘤胃代谢

草食家畜 1984年第S1期 131-143页

作者： R.L.Baldwin,M.j.allison,熊易强 Dept.of Anim.Sci. Univ.of California. National Animal Disease Center USDA Ames

过去25年来对反刍动物消化功能的认识有了很大提高。回顾起来,这一步已经明显地导致了家畜生产的提高。令人鼓舞的是,生产上的这些提高是通过定量地应用我们的知识而取得的。定量地应用知识是当前努力的一个重点,会在将来带来更大的利... 详细信息

过去25年来对反刍动物消化功能的认识有了很大提高。回顾起来,这一步已经明显地导致了家畜生产的提高。令人鼓舞的是,生产上的这些提高是通过定量地应用我们的知识而取得的。定量地应用知识是当前努力的一个重点,会在将来带来更大的利益。尽管我们还在继续鉴别新的瘤胃微生物,看来主要的瘤胃微生物已被鉴别出来了。人们做的研究主要在于了解做为瘤胃生态系统特征的各种瘤胃微生物之间的复杂的相互作用;在促进复杂的碳水化合物如纤维素的消化方面,各种微生物之间的相互作用所起的作用,远远超过单独的微生物种所能起的作用:一些微生物提供其它微生物生长所需的营养物质,一些微生物消除了对其它微生物有抑制作用的代谢产物,一般说来这对双方都是有利的。关于反刍动物饲料的化学成分之间的相互定量关系,瘤胃内消化的动态学,被反刍动物吸收的消化产物等等方面,特别是关于如何能控制上述过程以提高家畜的生产力,已经取得了显著进展。

关键词：微生物蛋白质纤毛虫原虫纤维分解酶碳水化合物瘤胃第一胃前胃

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南极自动气象站

气象科技 1985年第3期 83-88页

作者： I. allison j. V. Morrissy 陈善敏

一、引言建立自动气象站(AWS)对在广阔的无人居住的南大洋区域扩大资料覆盖是一件引人向往的事情,在南极尤其如此。澳大利亚科学技术部南极处过去在冰原上曾使用过自动地球物理观测站(Bird和HumPhreys,2972),但是这些站用的是观测现场... 详细信息

一、引言建立自动气象站(AWS)对在广阔的无人居住的南大洋区域扩大资料覆盖是一件引人向往的事情,在南极尤其如此。澳大利亚科学技术部南极处过去在冰原上曾使用过自动地球物理观测站(Bird和HumPhreys,2972),但是这些站用的是观测现场的磁带记录,而本文所讲的自动气象站则利用

关键词：自动气象站人工观测凯西赫德岛遥测自动天气站南极气压传感器压力传感器

一例慢性乙肝患者甲胎蛋白检测结果的差异所带来的挑战

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Gastroenterology Report 2020年第6期8卷 484-486,I0003页

作者： Pir A.Shah allison Onken Rizwan Ishtiaq Muhammad H.Maqsood Shyam S.Patel Karen j.Campoverde Reyes Adrianna Z.Herskovits Daryl T.Y.Lau Department of Medicine Liver CenterDivision of GastroenterologyBeth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA Department of Pathology Beth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA

Introduction Alpha-fetoprotein(AFP)is the most abundant serum protein found in the human fetus,produced by the yolk sac and the liver[1].The levels of maternal serum AFP reach a peak value at28-32 weeks of gestation and decrease rapidly after birth and usually drop to the normal at 8-12 months of *** normal serum AFP level for an adult is<20 ng/mL[2].In contrast,livertumor cells usually synthesize and secrete an increased level of *** ultrasound and AFP are generally recommended as the screening modality for HCC for patients at risk for development of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)[1].AFP-L3,an isoform of AFP that binds Lens culinaris agglutinin,can be particularly useful in the early identification of aggressive HCC[2].These assays,however,can generate false-positive and false-negative AFP *** patients with advanced HCC,20%had normal AFP levels,whereas some patients with liver diseases had significant AFP elevation without liver cancer in long-term surveillance[3].Elevated AFP levels could be associated with active liver diseases with hepatocyte regeneration[4,5].In that setting,the AFP level will decline with improvement of the underlying liver *** case illustrated the dilemma and uncertainties as a result of persistent abnormal AFP values after extensive clinical investigations.

关键词：甲胎蛋白 fetus false

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雌激素治疗与冠状动脉钙化

世界核心医学期刊文摘（心脏病学分册） 2007年第10期3卷 16-17页

作者： Manson j.E. allison M.A. Rossouw j.E. 刘少伟 Division of Preventive Medicine Brigham and Women's HospitalHarvard Medical School900 Commonwealth Ave. E.BostonMA 02215United States Dr.

背景:冠状动脉钙化斑块是动脉粥样硬化斑块负荷的标记物,可预测未来发生心血管事件的风险。作者在一项随机化临床试验中研究了雌激素治疗与冠状动脉钙化之间的关系。方法:在对已行子宫切除的女性接受结合型马雌激素(0.625mg/d)与安慰剂... 详细信息

背景:冠状动脉钙化斑块是动脉粥样硬化斑块负荷的标记物,可预测未来发生心血管事件的风险。作者在一项随机化临床试验中研究了雌激素治疗与冠状动脉钙化之间的关系。方法:在对已行子宫切除的女性接受结合型马雌激素(0.625mg/d)与安慰剂进行比较的女性健康倡议试验的一项辅助性亚组研究中。

关键词：冠状动脉女性雌激素雌性激素性甾体安慰剂空白剂

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EUS FNA of Altered Left Adrenal Gland Morphology Suggests Amending CT and PET-CT Attenuation Threshold Values That Predict Malignancy

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journal of Cancer Therapy 2012年第6期3卷 1029-1036页

作者： Ferga C. Gleeson allison j. Clapp Robert C. Murphy jonathan E. Clain Prasad G. Iyer Elizabeth Rajan Mark D. Topazian Kenneth K. Wang Michael j. Levy Department of Radiology Mayo Clinic College of Medicine Rochester USA Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Mayo Clinic College of Medicine Rochester USA

Introduction: In the setting of an extra-adrenal malignancy, it is a recognized clinical challenge to try and distinguish a benign adrenal mass from a metastatic deposit. Current non-invasive diagnostic tools for adrenal gland evaluation include CT, MRI, PET and PET-CT. Diagnostic interpretative error can occur as evaluations rarely have complete cytologic or histologic correlation for concordance purposes. Aims: To establish the performance characteristics of non-contrast CT attenuation values (Hounsfield units-HU) and the optimal PET-CT maximum standard uptake value (SUVmax) for predicting adrenal malignancy when correlated with adrenal gland endoscopic ultrasound fine needle aspiration (EUS FNA) cytology results. Methods: A prospectively maintained EUS database was reviewed to identify consecutive patients who underwent a left adrenal gland FNA. Non-contrast CT attenuation values and SUVmax scores were calculated. EUS FNA cytology results were used as the reference standard for determining the presence of benign versus malignant adrenal gland status. Results: Sixty-two patients (69 ± 11 years) underwent adrenal EUS FNA, 34 (54.8%) of whom had a clinically suspected or established extra-adrenal malignancy. Non-invasive imaging was suggestive of abnormal adrenal morphology or altered PET-CT FDG activity in 45 (72.6%) patients. Elevated attenuation values (≥10 HU) by non-enhanced CT had a sensitivity and specificity of 100% and 34.6%, respectively. The SUVmax for malignant altered morphology was significantly higher than that for benign lesions [(8.5 ± 3.1 vs 3.3 ± 0.7;(p = 0.0001)]. ROC curve analysis indicated that an optimum cutoff SUVmax of ≥4.1 (AUC 0.92) yielded the best power distinction for malignancy with a sensitivity and specificity of 89% and 100%. Conclusion: When evaluating altered adrenal morphology by non-invasive methods, the performance characteristics of elevated CT attenuation values are suboptimal. But by adopting a SUVmax cut-off value of ≥4.1

关键词： Altered Adrenal Morphology Endoscopic Ultrasound Fine Needle Aspiration Unenhanced CT Attenuation Value PET Standardized Uptake Value

Association of Obesity and Kidney Function Decline among Non-Diabetic Adults with eGFR >60 ml/min/1.73m<sup>2</sup>: Results from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA)

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Open journal of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases 2013年第2期3卷 103-112页

作者： Anna Malkina Ronit Katz Michael G. Shlipak joachim H. Ix Ian H. de Boer Mark j. Sarnak Matthew allison Holly j. Kramer julie Lin David Siscovick Carmen A. Peralta University of California San Francisco USA

Background: Obesity is associated with higher end-stage renal disease incidence, but associations with earlier forms of kidney disease remain incompletely characterized. Methods: We studied the association of body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) with rapid kidney function decline and incident chronic kidney disease in 4573 non-diabetic adults with eGFR ≥ 60 ml/min/1.73m2 at baseline from longitudinal Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis cohort. Kidney function was estimated by creatinine and cystatin C. Multivariate analysis was adjusted for age, race, baseline eGFR, and hypertension. Results: Mean age was 60 years old, BMI 28 kg/m2, baseline eGFRCr 82 and eGFRCys 95 ml/min/1.73m2. Over 5 years of follow up, 25% experienced rapid decline in renal function by eGFRCr and 22% by eGFRCys. Incident chronic kidney disease (CKD) developed in 3.3% by eGFRCys, 11% by eGFRCr, and 2.4% by both makers. Compared to persons with BMI 25, overweight (BMI 25 - 30) persons had the?lowest risk of rapid decline by eGFRCr (0.84, 0.71 - 0.99). In contrast, higher BMI categories were associated with stepwise higher odds of rapid decline by eGFRCys, but remained significant only when BMI ≥ 35 kg/m2 (1.87, 1.41 - 2.48). Associations of BMI with incident CKD were insignificant after adjustment. Large WC and WHR were associated with increased risk of rapid decline only by eGFRCys, and of incident CKD only when defined by both filtration markers. Conclusions: Obesity may be a risk factor for kidney function decline, but associations vary by filtration marker used.

关键词： Kidney Function Decline MESA Obesity Waist Circumference Waist-to-Hip Ratio

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公共场所广告日趋泛滥

英语文摘 2007年第4期 30-33页

作者： allison Linn 卢广忠

商零试图突破纷杂的广告重围,把目标瞄准囊中羞涩的机构j．沃克·史密斯爱说他认为唯有法院、礼拜场所和国会大厦这几个地方能抗拒广告商的拜访。但最近他开始怀疑那些去做礼拜的人是否仍能不被打扰。这位从事市场营销研究的Yankelovic... 详细信息

商零试图突破纷杂的广告重围,把目标瞄准囊中羞涩的机构j．沃克·史密斯爱说他认为唯有法院、礼拜场所和国会大厦这几个地方能抗拒广告商的拜访。但最近他开始怀疑那些去做礼拜的人是否仍能不被打扰。这位从事市场营销研究的Yankelovich公司总裁说:“我想教堂已经开始显露出向市场营销屈服的迹象。”

关键词：公共场所港务局纽约新泽西广告牌广告商运输安全

肾功能和疾病规范命名:改善全球肾脏病预后(KDIGO)会议共识

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临床儿科杂志 2022年第8期40卷 627-633页

作者：王忍高春林夏正坤张沛(译) 东部战区总医院儿科江苏南京210002

为规范描述肾功能和疾病的专业术语,2019年6月改善全球肾脏病预后组织(KDIGO)召开共识会议,对肾脏功能和疾病、肾衰竭、急性肾脏病和急性肾损伤、慢性肾脏病及肾脏评估共5个部分的内容制定了相应的术语表,并就以下建议达成共识。①对于... 详细信息

为规范描述肾功能和疾病的专业术语,2019年6月改善全球肾脏病预后组织(KDIGO)召开共识会议,对肾脏功能和疾病、肾衰竭、急性肾脏病和急性肾损伤、慢性肾脏病及肾脏评估共5个部分的内容制定了相应的术语表,并就以下建议达成共识。①对于肾脏功能和疾病的一般描述,使用术语“kidney”,而不使用“renal”或前缀“nephro-”;②使用“肾衰竭(kidney failure)”并适当描述是否存在相应症状、体征和治疗,而不是“终末期肾脏疾病(end-stage kidney disease)”;③使用KDIGO对急性肾脏病(AKD)和急性肾损伤(AKI)进行定义和分类;④使用KDIGO对慢性肾脏病(CKD)进行定义和分类;⑤使用特定的肾脏检测指标,例如蛋白尿或肾小球滤过率(GFR)降低,而不是肾功能“异常(abnormal)”或“降低(reduced)”来描述肾脏结构和功能的改变。文章简要总结会议的主要讨论。

关键词：肾脏功能肾脏疾病术语

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Association of latitude and altitude with adverse outcomes in patients with COVID-19: The VIRUS registry

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World journal of Critical Care Medicine 2022年第2期11卷 102-111页

作者： Aysun Tekin Shahraz Qamar Romil Singh Vikas Bansal Mayank Sharma allison M LeMahieu Andrew C Hanson Phillip j Schulte Marija Bogojevic Neha Deo Simon Zec Diana j Valencia Morales Katherine A Belden Smith F Heavner Margit Kaufman Sreekanth Cheruku Valerie C Danesh Valerie M Banner-Goodspeed Catherine A St Hill Amy B Christie Syed A Khan Lynn Retford Karen Boman Vishakha KKumar john C O'Horo juan Pablo Domecq Allan j Walkey Ognjen Gajic Rahul Kashyap Salim Surani TheSociety of Critical Care Medicine(SCCM)Discovery Viral Infection and Respiratory Illness Universal Study(VIRUS):COVID-Registry Investigator Group Department of Anesthesiology Mayo ClinicRochesterMN 55905United States Post-baccalaureate Research Education Program Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and ScienceRochesterMN 55905United States Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Department of Internal MedicineMayo ClinicRochesterMN 55905United States Division of Clinical Trials and Biostatistics Department of Quantitative Health SciencesMayo ClinicRochesterMN 55905United States Alix School of Medicine Mayo ClinicRochesterMN 55905United States Division of Infectious Diseases Thomas Jefferson University HospitalPhiladelphiaPA 19107United States Prisma Health GreenvilleSC 29605United States Englewood Health EnglewoodNJ 07631United States Divisions of Cardiothoracic Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine Department of Anesthesiology and Pain ManagementUT Southwestern Medical CenterDallasTX 75390United States Center for Applied Health Research Baylor Scott and White HealthDallasTX 75246United States Department of Anesthesiology Critical Care and Pain MedicineBeth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterBostonMA 02215United States Allina Health MinneapolisMN 55407United States Department of Critical Care Atrium Health NavicentMaconGA 31201United States Division of Critical Care Medicine Mayo Clinic Health SystemMankatoMN 56001United States Society of Critical Care Medicine Mount ProspectIL 60056United States Division of Infectious Diseases Mayo ClinicRochesterMN 55905United States Division of Nephrology and Hypertension Department of Internal MedicineMayo ClinicRochesterMN 55905United States Pulmonary Center Division of PulmonaryAllergyCritical Care and Sleep MedicineDepartment of MedicineEvans Center of Implementation and Improvement SciencesBoston University School of MedicineBostonMA 02118United States Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Texas A&M UniversityBryanTX 77807United States 不详

BACKGROUND The coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)course may be affected by environmental *** studies previously suggested a link between climatological factors and COVID-19 fatality ***,individual-level impact of these factors has not been thoroughly evaluated *** To study the association of climatological factors related to patient location with unfavorable outcomes in *** In this observational analysis of the Society of Critical Care Medicine Discovery Viral Infection and Respiratory Illness Universal Study:COVID-19 Registry cohort,the latitudes and altitudes of hospitals were examined as a covariate for mortality within 28 d of admission and the length of hospital *** for baseline parameters and admission date,multivariable regression modeling was *** estimating equations were used to fit the *** Twenty-two thousand one hundred eight patients from over 20 countries were *** median age was 62(interquartile range:49-74)years,and 54%of the included patients were *** median age increased with increasing latitude as well as the frequency of ***,the percentage of comorbidities was lower in elevated *** within 28 d of hospital admission was found to be 25%.The median hospital-free days among all included patients was 20 *** the significant linear relationship between mortality and hospital-free days(adjusted odds ratio(aOR)=1.39(1.04,1.86),P=0.025 for mortality within 28 d of admission;aOR=-1.47(-2.60,-0.33),P=0.011 for hospital-free days),suggesting that adverse patient outcomes were more common in locations further away from the Equator;the results were no longer significant when adjusted for baseline differences(aOR=1.32(1.00,1.74),P=0.051 for 28-day mortality;aOR=-1.07(-2.13,-0.01),P=0.050 for hospital-free days).When we looked at the altitude’s effect,we discovered that it demonstrated a non-linear association with mortality wi

关键词： 28 d mortality Altitude COVID-19 Hospital-free days Latitude Outcomes