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North Atlantic subtropical mode water formation controlled by Gulf Stream fronts

National Science Review 2023年第9期10卷 214-223页

作者： Bolan Gan Jingjie Yu Lixin Wu Gokhan Danabasoglu R.Justin Small allison h.baker Fan Jia Zhao Jing Xiaohui Ma haiyuan Yang Zhaohui Chen Frontier Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System(FDOMES) and Physical Oceanography Laboratory Ocean University of China 2. Laoshan Laboratory National Center for Atmospheric Research CAS Key Laboratory of Ocean Circulation and Waves Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences

The North Atlantic Ocean hosts the largest volume of global subtropical mode waters(STMWs) in the world,which serve as heat,carbon and oxygen silos in the ocean *** are formed in the Gulf Stream region where thermal fronts are pervasive and result in feedback with the ***,their roles in STMW formation have been *** eddy-resolving global climate simulations,we find that suppressing local frontal-scale ocean-to-atmosphere(FOA) feedback leads to STMW formation being reduced almost by *** is because FOA feedback enlarges STMW outcropping,attributable to the mixed layer deepening associated with cumulative excessive latent heat loss due to higher wind speeds and greater air-sea humidity contrast driven by the Gulf Stream *** enhanced heat loss overshadows the stronger restratification induced by vertical eddies and turbulent heat transport,making STMW colder and he *** more realistic representation of FOA feedback,the eddy-present/rich coupled global climate models reproduce the observed STMWs much better than the eddy-free *** improvement in STMW production cannot be achieved,even with the oceanic resolution solely refined but without coupling to the overlying atmosphere in oceanic general circulation *** findings highlight the need to resolve FOA feedback to ameliorate the common severe underestimation of STMW and associated heat and carbon uptakes in earth system mo dels.

关键词： North Atlantic subtropical mode water Gulf Stream thermal fronts frontal-scale ocean-to-atmosphere feedback eddy-resolving coupled global climate model

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The Janus of mIS in hepatobiliary surgery:Importance of maximally invasive surgery in an era of minimally invasive surgery

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hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2020年第5期19卷 409-410页

作者： Maria R.Baimas-George Christoph Tschuor John B.Martinie David A.Iannitti Erin h.baker Dionisios Vrochides Division of hPB Surgery Department of SurgeryAtrium Health-Carolinas Medical Center1025 Morehead Medical DriveSuite 600CharlotteNC 28204USA

As surgeons formidably continue to forge into the twentytwenties,after a considerably coronavirus-induced rocky start,one can predict that the era of minimally invasive surgery(mIS),an era of robotics,telehealth,and enhanced recovery after surgery(ERAS■),is not only here to stay but will continue to thrive,develop,and transform our *** of robotics platforms would be hard pressed not to indulge in this *** the satisfyingly large midline“stem to stern”,the impressing exposuregenerating Makuuchi or transverse abdominal,the Kocher,paramedian,McBurney,Chevron,and Pfannenstiel incisions begin to disappear and fade away into a scar minimizing future precluding trauma laparotomies?Most likely *** and developing the skill and technique for a minimally invasive“mIS”approach does not negate or abrogate the maximally invasive“MIS”*** is not one or the other;not a“to be or not to be”Shakespearean *** surgery is a qualified landscape upon which to illuminate and exemplify this declaration:the necessity and companionship of“mIS”and“MIS”–minimally and maximally invasive surgery.

关键词： surgery maximal continue

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Burden of chronic diseases among sarcoma survivors treated with anthracycline chemotherapy:results from an observational study

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Journal of Cancer Metastasis and Treatment 2020年第1期6卷 246-257页

作者： Laurence h.baker Philip S.Boonstra Denise K.Reinke Erin J.Peregrine Antalis Bradley J.Zebrack Richard L.Weinberg Department Internal Medicine University of Michigan Medical SchoolAnn ArborMI 48109USA Department of Biostatistics University of MichiganAnn ArborMI 48109USA School of Social Work University of MichiganAnn ArborMI 48109USA Division of Cardiovascular Medicine Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMI 48109USA

Aim:Cardiovascular disease is a leading cause of mortality among long-term cancer survivors treated with large total doses of *** increase in coronary artery disease(CAD)among childhood cancer survivors by age 45 has been observed and is driven by primarily anthracycline chemotherapy and to a lesser extent chest radiation that includes the heart in the radiation *** risk factors and associated chronic diseases(hypertension,etc.)are well known for CAD and can be often prevented or treated,thus reducing the risk of CAD in these *** piloted a risk-based survivorship clinic in an academic medical center to characterize the distribution of risk factors for CAD and improve the quality of life in a population of sarcoma survivors treated with ***:We followed a prospective cohort of sixty-one survivors of bone and soft tissue sarcoma treated with doxorubicin chemotherapy(>400 mg/m2)and at least 2 years post-therapy attending the sarcoma survivorship *** collected clinical,demographic data,and patient reported outcomes via PROMIS questionnaires ***:We demonstrated a high burden of chronic diseases in this *** six chronic conditions that are known risk factors for CAD(hypertension,diabetes,obesity,chronic inflammation,kidney disease and dyslipidemia),more than one-fourth(26%,16/61)of patients had three or more of these risk factors at baseline visit,and 49%(30/61)had two or ***:The results of this pilot study support the presence of modifiable CAD risk factors in this population of sarcoma ***-based guidelines for high-risk survivors of rare cancers are needed.

关键词： Coronary artery disease cardiovascular disease sarcoma anthracycline cancer survivor

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Is changing footstrike pattern beneficial to runners?

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Journal of Sport and health Science 2017年第2期6卷 146-153页

作者： Joseph hamill allison h.Gruber Biomechanics Laboratory Department of KinesiologyUniversity of MassachusettsAmherstMA 01003USA Biomechanics Laboratory Department of KinesiologyIndiana UniversityBloomingtonIN 47405USA

Some researchers, running instructors, and coaches have suggested that the "optimal" footstrike pattern to improve performance and reduce running injuries is to land using a mid-or forefoot strike. Thus, it has been recommended that runners who use a rearfoot strike would benefit by changing their footstrike although there is little scientific evidence for suggesting such a change. The rearfoot strike is clearly more prevalent. The major reasons often given for changing to a mid-or forefoot strike are(1) it is more economical;(2) there is a reduction in the impact peak and loading rate of the vertical component of the ground reaction force; and(3) there is a reduction in the risk of a running-related injuries. In this paper,we critique these 3 suggestions and provide alternate explanations that may provide contradictory evidence for altering one's footstrike *** have concluded, based on examining the research literature, that changing to a mid-or forefoot strike does not improve running economy, does not eliminate an impact at the foot-ground contact, and does not reduce the risk of running-related injuries.

关键词： Epidemiology Footfall patterns Forefoot Ground reaction force Impacts Midfoot Rearfoot Running economy

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The evolutionary development of plant-feeding insects and their nutritional endosymbionts

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Insect Science 2017年第6期24卷 910-928页

作者： Isabel h. Skidmore allison K. hansen Department of Entomology University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign Ilfinois USA

herbivorous insects have evolved diverse mechanisms enabling them to feed on plants with suboptimal nutrient availability. Low nutrient availability negatively impacts insect herbivore development and fitness. To overcome this obstacle numerous insect lineages have evolved intimate associations with nutritional endosymbionts. This is especially true for insects that specialize on nitrogen-poor substrates, as these insects are highly dependent on intraceUular symbionts to provide nitrogen lacking in their insect host＇s diet. Emerging evidence in these systems suggest that the symbiont＇s and/or the insect＇s biosynthetic pathways are dynamically regulated throughout the insect＇s development to potentially cope with the insect＇s changing nutritional demands. In this review, we evaluate the evolutionary development of symbiotic insect cells （bacteriocytes） by comparing and contrasting genes and mechanisms involved in maintaining and regulating the nutritional symbiosis throughout insect development in a diversity of insect herbivore-endosymbiont associations. With new advances in genome sequencing and functional genomics, we eval- uate to what extent nutritional symbioses are shaped by （i） the regulation of symbiont titer, （ii） the regulation of insect symbiosis genes, and （iii） the regulation of symbiont genes. We discuss how important these mechanisms are for the biosynthesis of essential amino acids and vitamins across insect life stages in divergent insect-symbiont systems. We conclude by suggesting future directions of research to further elucidate the evolutionary development of bacteriocytes and the impact of these nutritional symbioses on insect plant interactions.

关键词： development evolutionary insect herbivores plant-insect microbe interactions symbiosis

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MAGNA CARTA AND ThE AMERICAN POLITICAL IMAGINATION： Two INSTANCES OF hABEAS CORPUS VINDICATED

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Frontiers of Law in China-Selected Publications from Chinese Universities 2016年第2期11卷 215-235页

作者： h. Robert baker Department of history College of Arts & Sciences Georgia State University Atlanta US

Magna Carta has long been understood as a source of inspiration for the U.S. Constitution, and especially its enshrinement of the writ of habeas corpus -- the right of any prisoner to test his or her detention according to the law. In the ＂Suspension Clause＂ of the U.S. Constitution （Article I, Section 8）, Congress is granted permission to suspend habeas corpus only ＂when in cases of Rebellion or Invasion the public Safety may require it.＂ This article surveys two failed attempts by the U.S. government to suspend the writ of habeas corpus. The first （which was actually the very first such attempt） was in 1807 and followed revelations of the so-called Burr Conspiracy. The second （incidentally the most recent in American history） occurred during the War on Terror and culminated with the Supreme Court＇s decision ofBoumediene vs Bush in 2008. A close examination of these two historical episodes reveals just how different were the constitutional processes of the early republic and contemporary times. Additionally, comparing the uses of Magna Carta during the two episodes demonstrates marked changes in American political culture. historical consciousness, vital to early Americans＇ understanding of their political system, has shifted to an elite level. Likewise, the protection of fundamental liberties has migrated from the popular branch of government （Congress） to the elite one （the Supreme Court）. This article considers the implication of this shift in both constitutional processes and historical consciousness.

关键词： Constitutional Law legal history habeas corpus suspension clause MagnaCarta

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Understanding of the influence of process parameters on the heat transfer behavior at the metal/die interface in high pressure die casting process

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2009年第1期52卷 172-175页

作者： allison John Research & Advanced Engineering Department Scientific Research Laboratory Ford Motor Company

The current paper focuses on the influence of the process parameters on the peak values of the inter-facial heat transfer coefficient (IhTC) at metal/die interface during high pressure die casting (hPDC) process. A "step shape" casting and AM50 alloy were used during the experiment. The IhTC was de-termined by solving the inverse thermal problem based on the measured temperature inside the die. Results show that the initial die surface temperature (IDST, TDI) has a dominant influence while the casting pressure and fast shot velocity have a secondary influence on the IhTC peak values. By curve fitting, it was found that the IhTC peak value (hmax) changes as a function of the IDST in a manner of hmax =eαTγDI. Such relationship between the IhTC peak value and the IDST can also be found when the casting alloy is ADC12, indicating that this phenomenon is a common characteristic in the hPDC process.

关键词： high pressure die casting interfacial heat transfer coefficient AM50 ADC12

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乳猪复合日粮在美国的演进

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国外畜牧学（饲料） 1999年第3期 29-35页

作者：杨奕 Ioannis Mavromichalis David h.baker

作者是来自伊利诺斯大学的一位猪营养学家,当他参加了一次欧洲的动物科学会议之后,深为与会者的反应而感到惊奇;人们所关心的各种问题,更多地在于美国哺乳期仔猪日粮配方的基础而不是他的研究课题！这里,他回答了各种疑问:美国的哺乳期... 详细信息

作者是来自伊利诺斯大学的一位猪营养学家,当他参加了一次欧洲的动物科学会议之后,深为与会者的反应而感到惊奇;人们所关心的各种问题,更多地在于美国哺乳期仔猪日粮配方的基础而不是他的研究课题！这里,他回答了各种疑问:美国的哺乳期仔猪日粮的情况究竟如何,特别是在SEW革命采取了在三周龄时断奶的做法之后?

关键词：乳猪复合饲料饲料美国

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1981年可延伸出口锥的研制进展

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固体火箭技术 1982年第2期 14-16页

作者： William h.baker 周苏云

工程设计往往具有这样的特点,一年以内的总结可能不符合原来的设想,但是在一系列的设计中你常常会看到通过多年的思考和技术进展所得到的成果,甚至是非常满意的结果。本文重点报导了1981年的这样一个成果——为飞行试验准备的可延伸出... 详细信息

工程设计往往具有这样的特点,一年以内的总结可能不符合原来的设想,但是在一系列的设计中你常常会看到通过多年的思考和技术进展所得到的成果,甚至是非常满意的结果。本文重点报导了1981年的这样一个成果——为飞行试验准备的可延伸出口锥（EECs）。二十多年前,第一次考虑了采用 EECs,使在级间分离后,增加喷管长度,随之加大膨胀比,使火箭发动机的性能提高2—6%。虽然 EEC 的第一次成功的全程、全尺寸试验在1967

关键词：出口锥喷管第一次花瓣铰链飞行试验合页零部件试飞 EEC 出口直径

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出雏后3～6周肉仔鸡含硫氨基酸需要量和胱氨酸替换值

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国外畜牧学（饲料） 1997年第5期 8-11页

作者：金光明 David h.baker

应用商用肉仔鸡进行三个试验,测定出雏后3～6周生长期间SAA需要量。20％CP的玉米-花生饼粉基础日根(3200千卡MEn/kg),分析含0.23％蛋氨酸(Met)和0.28％胱氨酸(Cys)。切除盲肠的青年公鸡真消化率测评表明,基础日粮中Met和Cys可消化率分别... 详细信息

应用商用肉仔鸡进行三个试验,测定出雏后3～6周生长期间SAA需要量。20％CP的玉米-花生饼粉基础日根(3200千卡MEn/kg),分析含0.23％蛋氨酸(Met)和0.28％胱氨酸(Cys)。切除盲肠的青年公鸡真消化率测评表明,基础日粮中Met和Cys可消化率分别为81％和75％。因此,基础日粮含0.19％可消化Met和0.21％可消化Cys。当全价添加DL-Met时,饲喂玉米-花生饼粉日粮鸡的生长率和饲料利用率与饲喂20％CP添加Met的玉米-豆饼粉日粮相同。在SAA需要量测定中,Ross×hubbard公鸡饲喂等级递度的DL-Met(0.03％)和L-Cys(0.03％)以达到可消化SAA浓度0.40、0.46、0.52、0.58、0.64和0.70％。随SAA含量的提高、增重和饲料利用率呈曲线性反应(P<0.01),最高饲料利用率测评的需要量较最高增重测评的需要量高肉眼评价和配线方法表明,需要量接近0.61％消化SAA 当推测玉米豆饼粉日粮SAA真消化率为875％时,总SAA需要量计算为日粮的0.70％。但是,由于商用玉米豆饼粉日粮通常添加Met,提供的Cys利用率仅为81％(Wt:Wt),饲喂20％CP添加Met的3200千卡ME/kg玉米-豆饼粉日粮鸡总SAA需要量测评可能约为日粮的07,DL-Met对L-Cys的添加,测定3～6周生长期肉仔鸡可消化Cys添加,但不能超过可消化SAA总需要量的52％。

关键词：鸡肉仔鸡日粮硫氨基酸胱氨酸替换值

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