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Mercury bioaccumulation in aquatic biota along a salinity gradient in the Saint j.hn River estuary

j.urnal of Environmental Sciences 2018年第6期30卷 41-54页

作者： Bethany L.Reinhart Karen A.Kidd R.allen Curry Nelson j.O’Driscoll Scott A.Pavey Department of Biology and Canadian Rivers Institute University of New Brunswick Saint John Saint John New Brunswick E2L4L5 Canada Department of Biology Forestry and Environmental Management and Canadian Rivers Institute University of New Brunswick Fredericton New Brunswick E3B4A3 Canada Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences Acadia University Wolfville Nova Scotia B4P2R6 Canada Department of Biology and School of Geography & Earth Sciences McMaster University Hamilton Ontario LSS 4K1 Canada

Although estuaries are critical habitats for many aquatic species, the spatial trends of toxic methylmercury（MeHg） in biota from fresh to marine waters are poorly understood. Our obj.ctive was to determine if MeHg concentrations in biota changed along a salinity gradient in an estuary. Fourspine Stickleback（Apeltes quadracus）, invertebrates（snails,amphipods, and chironomids）, sediments, and water were collected from ten sites along the Saint j.hn River estuary, New Brunswick, Canada in 2015 and 2016, with salinities ranging from 0.06 to 6.96. Total mercury（proxy for MeHg） was measured in whole fish and MeHg was measured in a subset of fish, pooled invertebrates, sediments, and water. Stable sulfur（δ34S）, carbon（δ13 C）, and nitrogen（δ15N） isotope values were measured to assess energy sources（S, C） and relative trophic level（N）. There were increases in biotic δ13C and δ34S from fresh to more saline sites and these measures were correlated with *** aqueous MeHg was higher at the freshwater than more saline sites, only chironomid MeHg increased significantly with salinity. In the Saint j.hn River estuary, there was little evidence that MeHg and its associated risks increased along a salinity gradient.

关键词： Stickleback Amphipod Methylmercury Biomagnification Stable isotopes Food web

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A green synthesis of carbon nanoparticles from honey and their use in real-time photoacoustic imaging

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Nano Research 2013年第5期6卷 312-325页

作者： Lina Wu Xin Cai Kate Nelson Wenxin Xing j.n Xia Ruiying Zhang allen j. Stacy Micah Luderer Gregory M. Lanza Lihong V. Wang Baozhong Shen Dipanj.n Pan C-TRAIN and Division of Cardiology Washington University School of Medicine 4320 Forest Park Avenue Saint Louis MO 63108 USA Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging in College of Heilongj.ang Province Department of Radiology the 4th Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University Harbin 1S0001 China Optical Imaging Laboratory Department of Biomedical Engineering Washington University in St. Louis Campus Box 1097 One Brookings Drive St. Louis MO 63130 USA Nano Research Facility (NNIN-NSF) Washington University in St. Louis St. Louis MO 63130 USA

Imaging sentinel lymph nodes （SLN） could provide us with critical information about the progression of a cancerous disease. Real-time high-resolution intrao- perative photoacoustic imaging （PAI） in conj.nction with a near-infrared （NIR） probe may offer opportunities for the immediate imaging for direct identification and resection of SLN or collecting tissue samples. In this work a commercially amenable synthetic methodology is revealed for fabricating luminescent carbon nanoparticles with rapid clearance properties. A one-pot ＂green＂ technique is pursued, which involved rapid surface passivation of carbon nanopartides with organic macromolecules （e.g., polysorbate, polyethyleneglycol） in solvent-free conditions. Interestingly, the naked carbon nanoparticles are derived for the first time, from commercial food grade honey. Surface coated particles are markedly smaller （-7 nm） than previously explored particles （gold, single-walled carbon nanotubes, copper） for SLN imaging. The results indicate an exceptionally rapid signal enhancement （-2 min） of the SLN. Owing to their strong optical absorption in the NIR region, tiny size and rapid lymphatic transport, this platform offers great potential for faster resection of SLN and may lower complications caused in axillary investigation by mismarking with dyes or low-resolution imaging techniques.

关键词： carbon nanoparticle honey,contrast agents photoacoustictomography real-time imaging

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Immunology of a unique biological structure:the Echinococcus laminated layer

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Protein & Cell 2023年第2期14卷 87-104页

作者： Álvaro Díaz Anabella ABarrios Leticia Grezzi Camila Mouhape Stephen j.j.nkins j.dith E.allen Cecilia Casaravilla Área Inmunología Departamento de Biociencias(Facultad de Química)and Cátedra de InmunologíaInstituto de Química Biológica(Facultad de Ciencias)Universidad de la RepúblicaMontevideoUruguay Centre for Inflammation Research Queen's Medical Research InstituteUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghEH89JUUK Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation School of Biological SciencesUniversity of ManchesterManchester Academic Health Sciences CentreManchesterM139NQUK

The larval stages of the cestode parasites belonging to the genus Echinococcus grow within internal organs of humans and a range of animal *** resulting diseases,collectively termed echinococcoses,include maj.r neglected tropical diseases of humans and *** larvae are outwardly protected by the laminated layer(LL),an acellular structure that is unique to this *** LL is based on a fibrillar meshwork made up of mucins,which are decorated by galactose-rich *** addition,in the species cluster termed *** sensu lato,the LL features nano-deposits of the calcium salt of myo-inositol hexakisphosphate(Insp_(6)).The main purpose of our article is to update the immunobiology of the *** recent advances in this area are(i)the demonstration of LL“debris”at the infection site and draining lymph nodes,(ii)the characterization of the decoy activity of calcium Inp6 with respect to complement,(iii)the evidence that the LL mucin carbohydrates interact specifically with a lectin receptor expressed in Kupffer cells(Clec4F),and(iv)the characterization of what appear to be receptor-independent effects of LL particles on dendritic cells and *** information is missing on the immunology of this intriguing structure:we discuss gaps in knowledge and propose possible avenues for research.

关键词： mucin complement Echinococcus macrophage dendritic cell Clec4F

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Role of arthropod communities in bioenergy crop litter decomposition

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Insect Science 2013年第5期20卷 671-678页

作者： Arthur R. Zangerl Saber Miresmailli Paul Nabity allen Lawrance Alan Yanahan Corey A. Mitchell Kristina j. Anderson-Teixeira Mark B. David May R. Berenbaum Evan H. DeLucia Department of Entomology Energy Bioscience Institute Department of Plant Biology Institute of Genomic Biology Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences University of Illinois Urbana IL 61801 USA

The extensive land use conversion expected to occur to meet demands for bioenergy feedstock production will likely have widespread impacts on agroecosystem biodiversity and ecosystem services, including carbon sequestration. Although arthropod detritivores are known to contribute to litter decomposition and thus energy flow and nutrient cycling in many plant communities, their importance in bioenergy feedstock communities has not yet been assessed. We undertook an experimental study quantifying rates of litter mass loss and nutrient cycling in the presence and absence of these organisms in three bioenergy feedstock crops—miscanthus （Miscanthus x giganteus）, switchgrass （Panicum virgatum）, and a planted prairie community. Overall arthropod abundance and litter decomposition rates were similar in all three communities. Despite effective reduction of arthropods in experimental plots via insecticide application, litter decomposition rates, inorganic nitrogen leaching, and carbon–nitrogen ratios did not differ significantly between control （with arthropods） and treatment （without arthropods） plots in any of the three community types. Our findings suggest that changes in arthropod faunal composition associated with widespread adoption of bioenergy feedstock crops may not be associated with profoundly altered arthropod-mediated litter decomposition and nutrient release.

关键词： biodiversity bioenergy decomposition detritivore land use change prairie

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Prevention of erectile dysfunction after radiotherapy for prostate cancer

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Asian j.urnal of Andrology 2014年第6期16卷 805-806页

作者： Izak Faiena Neal Patel allen D Seftel Division of Urology Rutgers Robert Wood JohnsonMedical School N J USA 2Division of Urology Cooper Medical School of Rowan University CamdenN J USA.

With increasing scrutiny of prostate cancer （PCa） diagnosis and treatment, much attention has been given to the morbidity caused by radical prostatectomy （RP） and/or radiotherapy （RT）. One of the most common side-effects of either treatment is erectile dysfunction （ED）.1 Approximately, 40% of patients will experience ED after RT for PCa. The post-RT ED causes significant patient dissatisfaction with cancer treatment as well as decrease in patient and partner psychosocial function,z To address this issue in patients undergoing RT, Pisansky et al.3 conducted a prospective, randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial to assess the efficacy of a phosphodiesterase enzyme-5 inhibitor （PDE5i）, tadalafil, as a preventive measure for patients undergoing RT for PCa and found no difference in erectile function between the control and treatment groups.

关键词： EXTERNAL-BEAM RADIOTHERAPY TADALAFIL 5 MG RADIATION-THERAPY TRIAL MEN SATISFACTION EFFICACY

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Apparent redox potential discontinuity(aRPD) depth as a relative measure of sediment oxygen content and habitat quality

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International j.urnal of Sediment Research 2015年第1期30卷 74-80页

作者： Travis G.GERWING Alyssa M.allen GERWING Diana j.HAMILTON Myriam A.BARBEAU Department of Biology University of New Brunswick Department of Biology Mount Allison University

As hypoxic conditions spread in our oceans,indices that quickly and efficiently assess oxygen content in sediment pore water,and habitat quality are increasingly becoming *** to the apparent redox potential discontinuity(aRPD) in sediment is one such index;however,the relationship between aRPD depth and oxygen content is still *** quantified oxygen content in sediment pore water with a dissolved oxygen(DO) probe,utilizing luminescent technology,to determine how DO concentration varies with depth in the sediment,and with position relative to the aRPD(above versus below) on an intertidal mudflat in the Bay of Fundy,*** on generalized linear regression models,we found that depth in the sediment was a poor predictor of pore water DO concentration,while position in the sediment relative to the aRPD was a good ***,sediment above the aRPD had higher DO content than sediment *** maintain that aRPD depth is a good measure of relative oxygen content in sediment pore water,as well as habitat ***,we recommend caution as the factors that influence aRPD depth arc numerous and variable;therefore,the relationship between aRPD depth and DO content should be experimentally confirmed in any system of interest before aRPD depth is used as an indicator.

关键词： Anoxia Apparent redox potential discontinuity(aRPD) Dissolved oxygen Habitat quality Hypoxia Intertidal Marine benthos Sediment pore water.

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Strategies for PET imaging of the receptor for advanced glycation endproducts(RAGE)

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j.urnal of Pharmaceutical Analysis 2020年第5期10卷 452-465页

作者： Lindsey R.Drake allen F.Brooks j.nelle Stauff Phillip S.Sherman j.nna Arteaga Robert A.Koeppe Aimee Reed Timothy j.Montavon Marc B.Skaddan Peter j.H.Scott Department of Radiology University of MichiganAnn ArborMI48109USA Department of Medicinal Chemistry University of MichiganAnn ArborMI48109USA AbbVie Process Chemistry North ChicagoIL60064USA AbbVie Centralized Medicinal Chemistry North ChicagoIL60064USA AbbVie Translational Imaging North ChicagoIL60064USA

The implication of the receptor for advanced glycation end-products(RAGE)in numerous diseases and neurodegenerative disorders makes it interesting both as a therapeutic target and as an inflammatory *** the context of investigating RAGE as a biomarker,there is interest in developing radiotracers that will enable quantification of RAGE using positron emission tomography(PET)*** have synthesized potential small molecule radiotracers for both the intracellular([18F]InRAGER)and extracellular([18F]RAGER)domains of *** we report preclinical evaluation of both using in vitro(lead panel screens)and in vivo(rodent and nonhuman primate PET imaging)*** radiotracers have high affinity for RAGE and show good brain uptake,but suffer from off-target *** source of the off-target PET signal is not attributable to binding to melatonin receptors,but remains *** have also investigated use of lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-treated mice as a possible animal model with upregulated RAGE for evaluation of new imaging *** of the mouse brain sections revealed increases in RAGE in the male cohorts,but no difference in the female ***,it proves challenging to quantify the changes in RAGE due to off-target binding of the ***,they are appropriate lead scaffolds for future development of 2nd generation RAGE PET radiotracers because of their high affinity for the receptor and good CNS penetration.

关键词： RAGE Neuroimaging Positron emission tomography Radiochemistry Neuroinflammation

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Functional Inferences of Environmental Coccolithovirus Biodiversity

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Virologica Sinica 2013年第5期28卷 291-302页

作者： j.zef I Nissimov Mark j.nes j.hnathan A Napier Colin B Munn Susan A Kimmance Michael j.allen Plymouth Marine Laboratory Prospect Place University of Nottingham School of BiosciencesSutton Bonington Campus Department of Biological Chemistry Rothamsted Research School of Marine Science & Engineering Plymouth University

The cosmopolitan calcifying alga Emiliania huxleyi is one of the most abundant bloom forming coccolithophore species in the oceans and plays an important role in global biogeochemical cycling. Coccolithoviruses are a maj.r cause of coccolithophore bloom termination and have been studied in laboratory, mesocosm and open ocean studies. However, little is known about the dynamic interactions between the host and its viruses, and less is known about the natural diversity and role of functionally important genes within natural coccolithovirus communities. Here, we investigate the temporal and spatial distribution of coccolithoviruses by the use of molecular fingerprinting techniques PCR, DGGE and genomie sequencing. The natural biodiversity of the virus genes encoding the maj.r capsid protein （MCP） and serine palmitoyltransferase （SPT） were analysed in samples obtained from the Atlantic Meridional Transect （AMT）, the North Sea and the L4 site in the Westem Channel Observatory. We discovered nine new coccolithovirus genotypes across the AMT and L4 site, with the maj.rity of MCP sequences observed at the deep chlorophyll maximum layer of the sampled sites on the transect. We also found four new SPT gene variations in the North Sea and at L4. Their translated fragments and the full protein sequence of SPT from laboratory strains EhV-86 and EhV-99B 1 were modelled and revealed that the theoretical fold differs among strains. Variation identified in the structural distance between the two domains of the SPT protein may have an impact on the catalytic capabilities of its active site. In summary, the combined use of ＇standard＇ markers （i.e. MCP）, in combination with metabolically relevant markers （i.e. SPT） are useful in the study of the phylogeny and functional biodiversity of coccolithoviruses, and can provide an interesting intracellular insight into the evolution of these viruses and their ability to infect and replicate within their algal hosts.

关键词： Coccolithovirus Maj.r capsid protein Serine palmitoyltransferase Functional biodiversity

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The Nature of j.ridical Proof

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证据科学 2011年第6期 751-760页

作者： Ronald j.allen Evidence Law and Forensic Sciences Institute Northwestern University Procedural Law Research Center

Much of evidence scholarship deals with straight forward doctrinal rules,such as relevancy,hearsay,character evidence,expert testimony and the *** rules are extremely important,and I have lectured on many of them in *** is another set of questions,though,questions that deal with the conceptual foundations of the law of evidence specifically,or the rule of law more *** my first lecture,I touched on some of these issues in discussing the relationship between evidence,procedure,and substantive *** I wish to talk with you about another fundamental question,in fact perhaps the most fundamental question pertaining to evidence law,and that question is: What is the nature of j.ridical proof?

关键词： The Nature of j.ridical Proof than

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Petrography and chronology of lunar meteorite Northwest Africa 6950

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2020年第4期63卷 182-194页

作者： Zemin BAO Yuruo SHI j.Lawford ANDERSON allen KENNEDY Zuokai KE Xiangping GU Peizhi WANG Xiaochao CHE Yuelan KANG Huiyi SUN Chen WANG Beij.ng SHRIMP Center Institute of Geology Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences j.hn de Laeter Centre Curtin University Department of Earth and Environment Boston University School of Geosciences and Infophysics Central South University

Northwest Africa(NWA) 6950 is an olivine-gabbro lunar meteorite that has a distinctly different petrographic texture from other lunar basalts. In this contribution, we report the petrography, mineralogy,and U-Pb geochronology of baddeleyite and phosphate in this lunar meteorite and make a comparison with other NWA 773 paired meteorites. NWA 6950 consists mainly of coarse-grained olivine, pyroxene,and plagioclase, with minor ilmenite, chromite, troilite, baddeleyite, taenite, and apatite. The abundant rounded to euhedral olivine has a limited Fo ranging from 68 to 69. Pyroxenes include both augite and pigeonite, with a narrow range of Mg#=71–80, and composition, respectively, EnFsWoand EnFsWo. Plagioclase is mainly anhedral, conforming to the crystal margins of olivine and pyroxene. The plagioclase grains are elongated and several hundreds of microns in length. Raman spectra shows that plagioclase has been transformed into maskelynite, which is very calcic(An87-95) with low sodium and very low potassium(Ab4-9 Or 0.6-3.7). The weighted mean207 Pb/206 Pb ages of baddeleyite and phosphate measured using a sensitive high resolution ion micro probe(SHRIMP II) are 3119 ± 16 Ma(n = 9, MSWD= 2.5)(mean squared weighted deviates, MSWD) and 3119 ± 18 Ma(n = 15, MSWD = 2.1), respectively,giving the crystallization age of the meteorite. NWA 6950 has similar mineral compositions, geochemical characteristics, and an almost identical age of crystallization to the magnesian gabbro of the NWA 773 *** conclude that NWA 6950 and NWA 773 are paired meteorites, which crystallize at ca. 3119 Ma, and represent magmatic activities in the KREEP(potassium(K), rare earth elements(REE) and phosphorus(P) rich lunar material) region of the Moon.

关键词： Northwest Africa 6950 lunar meteorite U-Pb chronology baddeleyite phosphate

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