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Inter-signal interaction and uncertain information in anuran multimodal signals

Current Zoology 2011年第2期57卷 153-161页

作者： ryan C. TAYLOR Barrett A. KLEIN Michael J. ryan Department of Biological Sciences Salisbury University Salisbury MD 21801 USA Section of Integrative Biology University of Texas at Austin Austin TX 78712 USA Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute P.O. Box 0843-03092 Balboa Ancon Republic of Panama

Disentangling the influence of multiple signal components on receivers and elucidating general processes influencing complex signal evolution are difficult tasks. In this study we test mate preferences of female squirrel treefrogs Hyla squirella and female tungara frogs Physalaemus pustulosus for similar combinations of acoustic and visual components of their multimodal courtship signals. In a two-choice playback experiment with squirrel treefrogs, the visual stimulus of a male model significantly increased the attractivness of a relatively unattractive slow call rate. A previous study demonstrated that faster call rates are more attractive to female squirrel treefrogs, and all else being equal, models of male frogs with large body stripes are more attractive. In a similar experiment with female tungara frogs, the visual stimulus of a robotic frog failed to increase the attractiveness of a relatively unattractive call. females also showed no preference for the distinct stripe on the robot that males commonly bear on their throat. Thus, features of conspicuous signal components such as body stripes are not universally important and signal function is likely to differ even among species with similar ecologies and communication systems. finally, we discuss the putative information content of anuran signals and suggest that the categorization of redundant versus multiple messages may not be sufficient as a general explanation for the evolution of multimodal signaling. Instead of relying on untested assumptions concerning the information content of signals, we discuss the value of initially collecting comparative empirical data sets related to receiver responses.

关键词： Inter-signal interaction Multimodal signaling Signal detection Signal weighting Squirrel treefrog Hyla squirella Tfingara frog Physalaemus pustulosus Vocal sac

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SUSTAINABLE GARDENING AND SERVICE LEARNING AT THE UNIVERSITY Of REDLANDS

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Journal of Green Building 2015年第2期10卷 64-78页

作者： William ryan former Coordinator of Sustainable Gardening and Outreach for the Community Service Learning Office at the University of Redlands currently Garden Manager at the Golden Door Resort in San MarcosCA.

founded in 2009,the Sustainable University of Redlands farm(or SURf)is an ever-evolving campus farm that functions primarily as an outdoor *** farm is located on the University of Redlands campus in Redlands,*** site currently employs a single full-time farm manager,with all other requisite labor being provided by student employees or *** its short history,the farm has educated hundreds of students in sustainable living practices,provided count-less hours of community service outreach,and has hosted several high-profile environmentalists.

关键词： Organic Gardening Higher Education Sustainability Student Organizations Community Service

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Protein-mediated interactions in the dynamic regulation of acute inflammation

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BIOCELL 2023年第6期47卷 1191-1198页

作者： ryan STARK Department of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine Vanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTN37232-9075USA

Protein-mediated interactions are the fundamental mechanism through which cells regulate health and *** interactions require physical contact between proteins and their respective targets of *** targets include not only other proteins but also nucleic acids and other important molecules as *** proteins are often involved in multibody complexes that work dynamically to regulate cellular health and *** techniques have been adapted to study these important interactions,such as affinity-based assays,mass spectrometry,and fluorescent *** application of these techniques has led to a greater understanding of how protein interactions are responsible for both the instigation and resolution of acute inflammatory *** pursuits aim to provide opportunities to target specific protein interactions to alleviate acute inflammation.

关键词： Protein interactions Inflammation Sepsis RNA DNA Therapeutics

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Advances in the hyperlens

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2010年第24期55卷 2618-2624页

作者： AGUINALDO ryan Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of CaliforniaSan DiegoCalifornia 92093-0407 USA

As a superlens to overcome the well-known diffraction limit,the hyperlens has received much attention due to its super resolving power and magnifying *** this article,we review the recent developments,including theore... 详细信息

关键词：双曲衍射极限放大功能分辨能力镜片

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The role of latitudinal, genetic and temperature variation in the induction of diapause of Papilio glaucus （Lepidoptera： Papilionidae）

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Insect Science 2018年第2期25卷 328-336页

作者： Sean f. ryan Patti Valella Gabrielle Thivierge Matthew L. Aardema J. Mark Scriber Department of Biological Sciences University of Notre Dame Notre Dame Indiana USA USDA-ARS Center for Medical Agricultural and Veterinary Entomology 1600/1700 Southwest 23rd Drive Gainesville Florida USA Department of Entomology Michigan State University East Lansing Michigan USA Life Science Department Long Beach City College Long Beach California USA Sackler Institute for Comparative Genomics American Museum of Natural History New York New York USA McGuire Centerfor Lepidoptera and Diversity University of Florida Gainesville Florida US

A key adaptation in insects for dealing with variable environmental conditions is the ability to diapause. The tiger swallowtail butterflies, Papilio glaucus and P. canadensis are ideal species to explore the genetic causes and population genetic consequences of diapause because divergence in this trait is believed to be a salient factor in maintaining a hybrid zone between these species. Yet little is known about the factors that influence diapause induction in this system. Here we explored how spatial （latitudinal）, environmental （temperature） and genetic （hybridization） factors affect diapause induction in this system. Specifically, a series of growth chamber experiments using wild caught individuals from across the eastern United States were performed to：（1） evaluate how critical photoperiod varies with latitude, （2） isolate the stage in which induction occurs, （3） test whether changes in temperature affected rates of diapause induction, and （4） explore how the incidence of diapause is affected in hybrid offspring. We find that induction occurs in the larval stage, is not sensitive to a relatively broad range of temperatures, appears to have a complex genetic basis （i.e., is not simply a dominant trait following a Mendelian inheritance pattern） and that the critical photoperiod increases by 0.4 h with each increasing degree in latitude. This work deepens our understanding of how spatial, environmental and genetic variation influences a key seasonal adaptation （diapause induction） in a well-developed ecological model system and will make possible future studies that explore how climatic variation affects the population dynamics and genetics of this system.

关键词： adaptation critical photoperiod development diapauses facultative hybridization

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Review of Mercury's dynamic magnetosphere:Post-MESSENGER era and comparative magnetospheres

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Science China Earth Sciences 2022年第1期65卷 25-74页

作者： Weijie SUN ryan MDEWEY Sae AIZAWA Jia HUANG James A.SLAVIN Suiyan fU Yong WEI Charles f.BOWERS Department of Climate and Space Sciences and Engineering University of MichiganAnn ArborMl 48109USA Institut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planetologie CNRS-UPS-CNESToulouse 31400France Department of Geophysics Graduate School of ScienceTohoku UniversitySendai 980-8578Japan School of Earth and Space Sciences Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China Key Laboratory of Earth and Planetary Physics Institute of Geology and GeophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China School of Earth and Planetary Sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100864China

This review paper summarizes the research of Mercury’s magnetosphere in the Post-MESSENGER era and compares its dynamics to those in other planetary magnetospheres,especially to those in Earth’s *** review starts by introducing the planet Mercury,including its interplanetary environment,magnetosphere,exosphere,and conducting *** frequent and intense magnetic reconnection on the dayside magnetopause,which is represented by the flux transfer event"shower",is reviewed on how they depend on magnetosheath plasma β and magnetic shear angle across the magnetopause,followed by how it contributes to the flux circulation and magnetosphere-surface-exosphere *** the next,Mercury’s magnetosphere under extreme solar events,including the core induction and the reconnection erosion on the dayside magnetosphere,as well as the responses of the nightside magnetosphere,are ***,the dawn-dusk properties of the plasma sheet,including the features of the ions,the structure of the current sheet,and the dynamics of magnetic reconnection,are *** last topic is devoted to the particle energization in Mercury’s magnetosphere,which includes the energization of the Kelvin-Helmholtz waves on the magnetopause boundaries,reconnection-generated magnetic structures,and the cross-tail electric *** each chapter,the last section discusses the open questions related to each topic,which can be considered by the simulations and the future spacecraft *** end this paper by summarizing the future Bepi Colombo opportunities,which is a joint mission of ESA and JAXA and is en route to Mercury.

关键词： Mercury’s magnetosphere flux transfer event shower Extreme solar events Core induction Reconnection erosion Dawn-dusk asymmetry Substorm current wedge Particle energization Kelvin-Helmholtz wave

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Using ground penetrating radar to assess the variability of snow water equivalent and melt in a mixed canopy forest, Northern Colorado

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frontiers of Earth Science 2017年第3期11卷 482-495页

作者： ryan W. WEBB Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research University of Colorado Boulder Boulder CO 80309-0450 USA

Snow is an important environmental variable in headwater systems that controls hydrological processes such as streamflow, groundwater recharge, and evapotran- spiration. These processes will be affected by both the amount of snow available for melt and the rate at which it melts. Snow water equivalent （SWE） and snowmelt are known to vary within complex subalpine terrain due to terrain and canopy influences. This study assesses this variability during the melt season using ground penetrating radar to survey multiple plots in northwestern Colorado near a snow telemetry （SNOTEL） station. The plots include south aspect and flat aspect slopes with open, coniferous （subalpine fir, Abies lasiocarpa and engelman spruce, Picea engelmanii）, and deciduous （aspen, popu- lous tremuooides） canopy cover. Results show the high variability for both SWE and loss of SWE during spring snowmelt in 2014. The coefficient of variation for SWE tended to increase with time during snowmelt whereas loss of SWE remained similar. Correlation lengths for SWE were between two and five meters with melt having correlation lengths between two and four meters. The SNOTEL station regularly measured higher SWE values relative to the survey plots but was able to reasonably capture the overall mean loss of SWE during melt. Ground Penetrating Radar methods can improve future investiga- tions with the advantage of non-destructive sampling and the ability to estimate depth, density, and SWE.

关键词： headwaters snowmelt snow water equiva-lent ground penetrating rdar SNOTEL

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Nonlinear Control of Magnetically-geared Drive-trains

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International Journal of Automation and computing 2013年第4期10卷 319-326页

作者： ryan Montague Chris Bingham Department of Computer Science University of York School of Engineering University of Lincoln

The paper considers certain impedimental issues related to the use of magnetic gearbox and magnetic coupling technologies in high performance servo control systems. A prototype magnetic coupling is used as a basis for demonstrating that the underlying torque transfer characteristic is significantly nonlinear when transmitted torque approaches the maximum designed pull-out torque of the device. It is shown that linear controllers for speed control proportional plus integral （PI） and position control proportional plus derivative （PD） result in acceptable performance provided the magnetic coupling operates below 80 % of designed pull-out torque. To fully compensate for the inherent nonlinearity of the torque transfer characteristic, feedback linearizing control laws and state transformations are derived resulting in exactly linear input-output characteristic for position and speed control of magnetically-geared drive-trains. With the addition of state feedback, the closed-loop dynamics for both position and speed control of a magnetically-geared drive-train can be designed to satisfy the integral of time multiplied by absolute error （ITAE） optimized linear response for a step input. Outstanding results are demonstrated through simulation and experimental real-time implementation on a demonstrator magnetically-geared drive-train.

关键词： Magnetic gears magnetic couplings linear control nonlinear control feedback linearization.

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Climate change,coastal built heritage,and critical challenges facing the heritage law frameworks of the United States,United Kingdom,and france

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Built Heritage 2022年第1期6卷 42-54页

作者： ryan Rowberry Georgia State University College of Law 85 Park PlaceAtlantaGA 30303USA

Climate change poses a particular threat to the world's unique built heritage-historic buildings,sites monuments,and *** preserving built heritage resources from climate change becomes a global priority,understanding the current inadequacies of legal frameworks designed to protect built heritage in coastal areas is *** by identifying and examining these shortfalls can countries create resilient legal policies and tools that better protect coastal built heritage from the immediate and long-term effects of climate *** on previous comparative cultural heritage law scholarship,this article describes the legal frameworks that the United States,United Kingdom,and france use to protect their respective built heritage in coastal areas and identifies two critical challengesfacing eachcountry.

关键词： Climate change Built heritage law Legal frameworks Challenges United States United Kingdom france

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Heat stress management in underground mines

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International Journal of Mining Science and Technology 2017年第4期27卷 651-655页

作者： ryan Anderson Euler De Souza K1 Mine Maintenance Mosaic Potash Esterhazy SOA2AO Canada Department of Mining Engineering Queen's University Kingston KTL3N6 Canada

Heat management must be maintained within the mine working environment to minimize stress on equipment and personnel. The issue is a growing concern as mines continue to expand in size, depth and infrastructure. Heat management is a concern as it relates to both heat sensitive equipment and more importantly the health and safety of the workers found within the mine. Proper application of engineering protocols and work practice controls will have a direct impact on the health and safety of workers and increased productivity. Using continuous monitoring stations placed in strategic locations throughout the mine to capture the environmental conditions, various strategies can be used in the planning and prevention of potential hazard exposure. Economic analysis is used to select the most feasible strategy for heat stress control. This paper presents a step by step methodology that may be considered by ventilation specialists to effectively implement a heat management control system. A case study based on a detailed heat management assessment conducted for a potash mine in Saskatchewan, Canada is presented.

关键词： Heat Management Enthalpy Mine Environment monitoring

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