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World Journal of Emergency Medicine 2017年第4期8卷 281-286页

作者： Jonathan B.Lee Christina Tse Thomas Keown Michael Louthan Christopher Gabriel Alexander Anshus Bima Hasjim Katrina Lee Esther Kim Luke yu allen yu Shadi Lahham Steven Bunch Maili Alvarado Abdulatif Gari John C.Fox School of Medicine University of CaliforniaIrvineUSA Department of Emergency Medicine University of CaliforniaIrvineOrangeCalifornia 92868USA

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to assess the short-term efficacy of a 4-week ultrasound curriculum taught by American first-year medical students to general practitioners working in public health care clinics, or puskesmas, in Bandung, ***: We performed a prospective, observational study of Indonesian health care practitioners from public clinics in Bandung, Indonesia. These practitioners were enrolled in a 4-week ultrasound training course taught by first-year American medical students. A total of six sessions were held comprising of 38 ultrasound milestones. A pre-course and post-course written exam and practical exam was taken by each ***: We enrolled 41 clinicians in the course. The average pre-course exam score was 35.2% with a 2.4% pass rate, whereas the average post-course exam score was 82.0% with a 92.7% pass rate. The average practical score at the completion of the course was 83.2%(SD=0.145) with 82.9% of the class passing(score above 75.0%).CONCLUSION: Our data suggests that first-year medical students can effectively teach ultrasound to physicians in Indonesia using a 4-week intensive ultrasound training course. Future studies are needed to determine the amount of training required for proficiency and to evaluate the physicians' perceptions of the student-instructors' depth of knowledge and skill in point of care ultrasound.

关键词： Ultrasound education Ultrasound teaching Indonesia

Comparison of ultrasound-measured properties of the common carotid artery to tobacco smoke exposure in a cohort of Indonesian patients

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World Journal of Emergency Medicine 2017年第3期8卷 177-183页

作者： allen R.yu Bima Hasjim Luke E.yu Christopher Gabriel Alexander Anshus Jonathan B.Lee Michael J. Louthan Esther C.Kim Katrina Lee Christina Tse Thomas Keown Shadi Lahham Maili Alvarado Steven Bunch Abdulatif Gari J.Christian Fox School of Medicine University of California Department of Emergency Medicine University of California

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to use point-of-care ultrasound(POCUS) to investigate the relationship between tobacco smoke exposure and the characteristics of the common carotid artery(CCA). The effect of both primary and secondary smoking on CCA properties was ***: We performed a prospective cross-sectional study across 20 primary care clinics in Bandung, West Java, Indonesia in July 2016. Point of care ultrasound was performed on a convenience sample of Indonesian patients presenting to clinic. The CCA wall stiffness and carotid intima-media thickness(CIMT) were measured during diastole and systole. These measurements were correlated with smoke exposure and cardiovascular ***: We enrolled 663 patients in the study, with 426 patients enrolled in the smoking category and 237 patients enrolled in the second-hand smoke category. There was an overall positive correlation with the measured lifestyle factors and the ultrasound-measured variables in the group of individuals who smoked. For all variables, age seemed to contribute the most out of all of the lifestyle factors for the positive changes in CIMT and CCA wall ***: Our data yielded correlations between CCA properties and cardiovascular risk, as well as between CIMT and arterial stiffness. We were also able to demonstrate an increase in thickness of the CIMT in patients who have been exposed by tobacco through the use of ultrasound. Further large scale studies comparing patients with multiple cardiac risk factors need to be performed to confi rm the utility of ultrasound fi ndings of cardiovascular disease and stroke.

关键词： Carotid artery thickness Point of care ultrasound Indonesia Intimal thickness

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美国金融机构的分类与监管

金融发展研究 2018年第5期 41-43页

作者：艾伦.伯格王宇美国南卡罗来纳大学中国人民银行研究局

美国的金融机构大致分为商业银行、银行控股公司、储蓄机构、信用社、财务公司、投资银行、共同基金、保险公司和养老基金等类别。其中,监管机构对商业银行实施资本金要求和其他审慎监管,并受到存款保险和央行"最后贷款人"支持;银行控... 详细信息

美国的金融机构大致分为商业银行、银行控股公司、储蓄机构、信用社、财务公司、投资银行、共同基金、保险公司和养老基金等类别。其中,监管机构对商业银行实施资本金要求和其他审慎监管,并受到存款保险和央行"最后贷款人"支持;银行控股公司受联邦储备系统及专业职能管理机构管理;储蓄机构也处在严格监管下;信用社由国家信用社管理局监管并提供存款保险;财务公司受到的监管少;投资银行可以获取流动性支持,也受到银行控股公司监管条例的严格约束。

关键词：金融机构监管机构流动性中央银行

土壤增氧方式对其氮素转化和水稻氮素利用及产量的影响

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农业工程学报 2017年第1期33卷 167-174页

作者：胡继杰朱练峰胡志华钟楚林育炯张均华曹小闯 allen Bohr James 禹盛苗金千瑜中国水稻研究所水稻生物学国家重点实验室杭州310006 江西省红壤研究所/国家红壤改良工程技术研究中心南昌331717 华中农业大学植物科学技术学院武汉430070

以3种不同生态型水稻品种中浙优1号(水稻)、IR45765-3B(深水稻)和中旱221(旱稻)为材料,比较研究了不同增氧方式(T1-增施过氧化钙、T2-微纳气泡水增氧灌溉、T3-表土湿润灌溉和CK-淹水对照)下稻田土壤氮素转化和水稻氮素吸收利用特性。结... 详细信息

以3种不同生态型水稻品种中浙优1号(水稻)、IR45765-3B(深水稻)和中旱221(旱稻)为材料,比较研究了不同增氧方式(T1-增施过氧化钙、T2-微纳气泡水增氧灌溉、T3-表土湿润灌溉和CK-淹水对照)下稻田土壤氮素转化和水稻氮素吸收利用特性。结果表明:1)增氧处理明显改善土壤氧化还原状况,3种增氧方式下土壤氧化还原电位均高于CK。稻田增氧促进土壤氮素硝化,在分蘖期和齐穗期T1、T2和T3的土壤硝化强度和脲酶活性均显著高于CK,反硝化强度显著低于CK。2)不同增氧处理对水稻氮素吸收的影响不同,在拔节期、齐穗期和完熟期3品种的植株氮素积累量均表现为T1、T2显著高于CK,而T3显著低于CK;在完熟期,T1处理下中浙优1号、IR45765-3B和中旱221植株氮素积累量分别较CK增加了21.2%、13.2%和17.0%,而T2处理下3品种的植株氮素积累量分别较CK增加了14.3%、6.9%和9.1%。3)与CK相比,T1和T2显著提高水稻籽粒产量和收获指数,氮素籽粒生产效率与CK无显著差异,而T3显著增加水稻氮素干物质生产效率和氮素籽粒生产效率。可见,施用过氧化钙和微纳气泡水增氧灌溉能有效改善稻田土壤氧化还原状况,不仅显著提高水稻产量,而且显著增强稻田氮的硝化而减少氮素损失,从而提高水稻氮素积累量和氮素收获指数。

关键词：土壤氮酶水稻增氧方式氮素转化土壤氧化还原电位氮素利用率

Statistical analysis on the validity of the cold plasma approximation for chorus waves based on Van allen Probe observations and their effects on radiation belt electrons

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Earth and Planetary Physics 2025年第1期9卷 159-170页

作者： AoJun Ren Jiang yu Jing Wang ZuZheng Chen XiaoMan Liu Planetary Environmental and Astrobiological Research Laboratory(PEARL) School of Atmospheric SciencesSun Yat-sen UniversityZhuhai Guangdong 519000China

Theoretical analysis has demonstrated that the dispersion relation of chorus waves plays an essential role in the resonant interaction and energy transformation between the waves and magnetospheric *** quantitative analyses often simplified the chorus dispersion relation by using the cold plasma ***,the applicability of the cold plasma assumption is doubtful,especially during geomagnetic *** here present a systematic statistical analysis on the validity of the cold plasma dispersion relation of chorus waves based on observations from the Van allen Probes over the period from 2012 to *** statistical results show that the observed magnetic field intensities deviate substantially from those calculated from the cold plasma dispersion relation and that they become more pronounced with an increase in geomagnetic activity or a decrease in background plasma *** region with large deviations is mainly concentrated in the nightside and expands in both the radial and azimuthal directions as the geomagnetic activity increases or the background plasma density *** addition,the bounce-averaged electron scattering rates are computed by using the observed and cold plasma dispersion relation of chorus *** with usage of the cold plasma dispersion relation,usage of the observed dispersion relation considerably lowers the minimum resonant energy of electrons and lowers the scattering rates of electrons above tens of kiloelectronvolts but enhances those ***,these differences are more pronounced with the enhancement of geomagnetic activity or the decrease in background plasma density.

关键词： chorus waves cold plasma approximation dispersion relations scattering rates

Polymersomes scalably fabricated via flash nano- precipitation are non-toxic in non-human primates and associate with leukocytes in the spleen and kidney following intravenous administration

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Nano Research 2018年第10期11卷 5689-5703页

作者： Sean D. allen yu-Gang Liu Sharan Bobbala Lei Cai Peter I. Hecker Ryan Temel Evan A. Scott Interdisciplinary Biological Sciences Northwestern University IL 60208 USA Department of Biomedical Engineering Northwestern University IL 60208 USA Saha Cardiovascular Research Center University of Kentucky KY40506 USA Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences University of Kentucky KY40506 USA

Vesicular nanocarrier formulations confer the ability to deliver hydrophobic and hydrophilic cargos simultaneously to cells of interest in vivo. While liposomal formulations reached the clinic long ago, younger technologies such as polymeric vesicles （polymersomes） have yet to make the transition to clinical approval and use, in part due to difficulties in ensuring their safe and scalable production. In this work, we demonstrate the scalable production of poly（ethylene glycol）-block-poly（propylene sulfide）（PEG-bl-PPS） polymersomes via flash nanoprecipitation, and further show the safe administration of these nanocarriers to mice and non-human primates. In mice, PEG-bl-PPS polymersomes were found to be well tolerated at up to 200 mg/（***）. Following the administration of a more relevant 20 mg/（***） dosage in non-human primates, polymersomes were found to associate with numerous phagocytic immune cell populations, including a remarkable 68% of plasmacytoid dendritic cells and 〉 95% of macrophages in the spleen, while showing no toxicity or abnormalities in the liver, kidney, spleen, or blood. Despite the presence of a dense PEG corona, neither anti-PEG antibodies nor complement activation were detected. This work provides evidence of the translatability of PEG-bI-PPS polymersomes into the clinic for therapeutic applications in humans.

关键词： polymersome non-human primate nanoprecipitation toxicity biodistribution

Pressure-responsive pH-triggered layer-by-layer coating of paclitaxel-eluting balloon catheters for instant high-dose drug delivery for percutaneous coronary artery intervention

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Nano Research 2024年第10期17卷 9141-9151页

作者： Jeong yu Lee Shonit Nair Sharma Sung-yu Hong Young-Guk Ko Yangsoo Jang Minjae Do Michael Christopher Stark Qiwen Peng Benjamin allen Mossburg Bo Chan Seo yuhan Lee Department of Materials Science and Engineering Korea Advanced Institute of Science and TechnologyDaejeon 305-701Republic of Korea Department of Anesthesiology Perioperativeand Pain MedicineCenter for Accelerated Medical Innovation&Center for NanomedicineBrigham and Women’s HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMA 02115USA Department of Biological Engineering Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMA 02139USA Cardiovascular Product Evaluation Center Yonsei University College of MedicineSeoul 120-752Republic of Korea Division of Cardiology Department of Internal MedicineSeverance Cardiovascular HospitalYonsei University College of MedicineSeoul 120-752Republic of Korea

Cardiovascular diseases remain the leading cause of mortality worldwide,with percutaneous coronary interventions(PCI)using drug-eluting stents(DES)as the standard treatment for coronary artery *** advancements in DES technology,challenges such as restenosis and stent thrombosis still necessitate further interventions and carry considerable risks,highlighting an urgent need for a novel therapeutic approach with lower restenosis rates and reduced reintervention *** balloons(DEBs)coated with anti-proliferative agents offer a novel method of local drug delivery for reducing restenosis by directly administering drugs to the lesion ***,efficient delivery of drugs within the brief procedural window while minimizing drug loss during maneuvering to the target site remains a ***,we developed a pressure-responsive and pH-triggered,paclitaxel(PTX)coated DEB catheter for rapid and high-dose delivery of paclitaxel to the lesion sites,overcoming the limitations of drug dispersion and inefficiencies associated with conventional *** the charge reversion of albumin around its isoelectric point,paclitaxel-loaded human serum albumin nanoparticles(PTX-HSA-NPs)and heparin were coated using a layer-by-layer deposition method at pH *** exposure to physiological pH(i.e.,7.4),the coating is rapidly released from the balloon *** with a protective shellac coating,the DEB achieved controlled release of high-dose paclitaxel to the arterial tissue in vivo(up to 400μg per gram tissue),exceeding current DEBs in the *** results suggest the pH-responsive,multi-layer coated DEB’s potential for superior procedural outcomes,addressing a critical unmet need in PCI.

关键词： drug-eluting balloon layer-by-layer coating coronary artery disease paclitaxel

Effects of salt stress on rice growth, development characteristics, and the regulating ways： A review

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2017年第11期16卷 2357-2374页

作者： Sajid Hussain ZHANG Jun-hua ZHONG Chu ZHU Lian-feng CAO Xiao-chuang yu Sheng-miao allen Bohr James HU Ji-jie JIN Qian-yu State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology China National Rice Research Institute Hangzhou 310006 P.R. China

Rice （Oryza safiva L.） is highly susceptible to the rhizosphere salinity than other cereals. High sensitivity has been ob- served, mainly at vegetative and reproductive stages in rice. It is the duty of plant physiologists to comprehend the growth, development, and physiological processes of rice plants under stress. This paper includes the overview of rice growth and developmental processes influenced by salt stress and the regulation pathways involved in these processes. It also includes the promising salt tolerance strategies, i.e., genetic modification techniques, agronomic practices to improve rice growth, yield; and role of phytohormones and their management, especially inhibition of ethylene biosynthesis by using inhibitors 1-methylcyclopropene （1-MCP）. Rice cultivation may be a first choice for improvement of salt tolerance through plant growth regulators and improved cultivation techniques. This study will significantly improve the understanding toward low rice grain yield and poor rice resistance under salt stress and will also stream scientific knowledge for effective utilization of salt affected soils by using different regulating ways.

关键词： rice salt stress ethylene 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) physiology

Source-sink relations and responses to sink-source manipulations during grain filling in wheat

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2022年第6期21卷 1593-1605页

作者： WU Xiao-li LIU Miao LI Chao-su allen David(Jack)MCHUGH LI Ming XIONG Tao LIU yu-bin TANG Yong-lu Crop Research Institute Sichuan Academy of Agricultural SciencesChengdu 610066P.R.China Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsChengdu 611130P.R.China Environment-friendly Crop Germplasm Innovation and Genetic Improvement Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province Chengdu 610066P.R.China The International Wheat and Maize Improvement Centre(CIMMYT) Chengdu 610066P.R.China Xichang Agricultural Science Research Institute Liangshan 618300P.R.China

The source-sink ratio during grain filling is a critical factor that affects crop yield in wheat,and the main objective of this study was to determine the source-sink relations at both the canopy scale and the individual culm level under two nitrogen(N)levels at the post-jointing *** widely-used cultivars were chosen for analyzing source-sink relations in southwestern China;and three typical cultivars of different plant types were subjected to artificial manipulation of the grain-filling source-sink ratio to supplement crop growth measurements.A field experiment was conducted over two consecutive seasons under two N rates(N+,150 kg ha^(-1);N-,60 kg ha^(-1)),and three manipulations were imposed after anthesis:control(Ct),removal of flag and penultimate leaves(Lr)and removal of spikelets on one side of each spike(Sr).The results showed that the single grain weights in the three cultivars were significantly decreased by Lr and increased by Sr,which demonstrated that wheat grain yield potential seems more source-limited than sink-limited during grain filling,but the source-sink balance was obviously changed by climatic variations and N deficient *** yield was highly associated with sink capacity(SICA),grain number,biomass,SPAD values,and leaf area index during grain filling,indicating a higher degree of source limitation with an increase in sink ***,source limitation should be taken into account by breeders when SICA is increased,especially under non-limiting *** 104,a half-compact type with a mid-sized spike and a long narrow upper leaf,showed relatively better performance in source-sink *** this cultivar showed the characteristics of a lower reduction in grain weight after Lr,a larger increase after Sr,and a lower reduction in post-anthesis dry matter accumulation,then the greater current photosynthesis during grain filling contributed to the grain after source and sink manipulation.

关键词： source-sink relations source-sink manipulation grain weight nitrogen levels

CPSDv0: a forest stand structure database for plantation forests in China

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Big Earth Data 2023年第1期7卷 212-230页

作者： Xiuchen Wu Xiaofei Jiang Hongyan Liu Craig allen Xiaoyan Li Pei Wang Zongshan Li yuting Yang Shulei Zhang Fangzhong Shi Jiaojun Zhu Pengtao yu Mei Zhou Pengwu Zhao Yanhui Wang Chao yue Deliang Chen State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology Beijing Normal UniversityBeijingChina School of Natural Resources Faculty of Geographical ScienceBeijing Normal UniversityBeijingChina College of Urban and Environmental Sciences and MOE Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes Peking UniversityBeijingChina U.S.Geological Survey-Nebraska Cooperative Fish&Wildlife Research Unit School of Natural Resources423 Hardin HallUniversity of NebraskaLincolnNEUSA State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology Research Center for Eco-Environmental SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina State Key Laboratory of Hydroscience and Engineering Department of Hydraulic EngineeringTsinghua UniversityBeijingChina CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management Qingyuan Forest CERNInstitute of Applied EcologyChinese Academy of SciencesShenyangChina Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment of the National Forestry and Grassland Administration of China Research Institute of Forest EcologyEnvironment and ProtectionChinese Academy of ForestryBeijingChina Academy of Forestry Inner Mongolia Agricultural UniversityHuhhotChina State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau Northwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxiChina Regional Climate Group Department of Earth SciencesUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden

Forest stand structure is not only a crucial factor for regulating forest functioning but also an important indicator for sustainable forest management and ecosystem *** there exists a few national/global structure databases for natural forests,a country-wide synthetic structure database for plantation forests over China,the world’s largest player in plantation forests,has not been *** this study,we built a country-wide synthetic stand structure database by surveying more than 600 peer-reviewed *** database covers tree species,mean stand age,mean tree height,stand density,canopy coverage,diameter at breast height,as well as the associated ancillary in-situ topographical and soil properties.A total of 594 pub-lished studies concerning diverse forest stand structure parameters were compiled for 46 tree *** first synthesis for stand structure of plantation forests over China supports studies on the evolution/health of plantation forests in response to rapid climate change and intensified disturbances,and benefits country-wide sustainable forest management,future afforestation or reforestation *** users include those studying forest community dynamics,regional tree growth,ecosystem stability,and health,as well as those working with conservation and sustainable *** dataset is freely acces-sible at http://***/10.11922/sciencedb.j00076.00091.

关键词： Stand structure plantation tree age tree height stand density canopy coverage