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Characterization of particle size and settling velocity of cohesive sediments affected by a neutral exopolymer

International Journal of Sediment Research 2012年第4期27卷 473-485页

作者： Xiao-ling TAN Guo-ping ZhANG hang YIN allen h.reed Yoko FURUKAWA Graduate Research Assistant Department of Civil ＆ Environmental EngineeringLouisiana State University Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering Louisiana State University Graduate Research Assistant Department of Civil & Environmental EngineeringLouisiana State University Research Scientist Seafloor Sciences BranchNaval Research LaboratoryStennis Space Center

In natural waters,exopolymers or extracellular polymeric substances(EPS) exuded by microorganisms interact with clay particles,resulting in the flocculation of clays and hence alteration to the properties of suspended cohesive *** investigate and further understand how neutral EPS affect cohesive sediment transport and the final sediment yield,an experimental study was conducted on laboratory-prepared clay and guar gum(used as an analog for neutral EPS) suspensions to characterize EPS-induced flocculation and the settling velocity of resultant *** different clays consisting of kaolinite,illite,Ca-montmorillonite,and Na-montmorillonite were studied to examine the influence of different layer charges on clay flocculation induced by neutral *** size was determined by a laser particle size analyzer,and settling velocity estimated by analyzing the time-series floc settling images captured by an optical *** indicate that neutral EPS promote clay-EPS flocculation for all four clays with the particle/floc size significantly increased from～0.1-60μm to as large as～600μ***' layer charge has a profound influence on the clay-EPS *** the same floc size,the settling velocity of clay-EPS flocs is typically smaller than that of pure clay flocs,which is attributed to the reduced density of flocs caused by the EPS. however,for flocs of the same composition(*** clay or hybrid clay-EPS mixture),the settling velocity increases with *** fractal dimension of these clay-EPS flocs estimated from settling velocity ranges from 1.39 to 1.47,which are smaller than that of pure clay flocs,indicating that these flocs are less compacted than the pure clay flocs.

关键词： Clay Exopolymer Flocculation Fractal dimension Particle size Settling velocity

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Implications for brainstem recovery from studies in primates after sensory loss from arm

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第3期19卷 479-480页

作者： Jamie L.reed hui-Xin Qi Jon h.Kaas Department of Psychology Vanderbilt UniversityNashvilleTNUSA

For decades,researchers have known that when neurons lose their activating inputs,they can atrophy and even *** example,removing sensory nerve inputs from the arm to the spinal cord after amputation or cutting the spinal nerves can shrink the post-synaptic target zones(e.g.,Woods et al.,2000).From touch receptors for the hand and arm,primary nerve afferents enter the spinal cord,and axons travel in the dorsal columns to target the cuneate nucleus(Cu)of the brainstem on the same side of the body(Figure 1).When sensory loss is unilateral,the overwhelming result is for the associated primary target zone to shrink in total size(cross-sectional area),as compared to the size of the opposite side.

关键词： brainstem shrink removing

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微塑料和纳米塑料威胁青藏高原环境

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Science Bulletin 2024年第5期69卷 589-592页

作者：张玉兰康世昌罗犀 Tanuj Shukla 高坛光 Deonie allen Steve allen Melanie Bergmann State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou 730000China College of Earth and Environmental Sciences Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China School of Geography Earth and Environmental SciencesUniversity of BirminghamBirmingham 200003UK Ocean Frontiers Institute Dalhousie UniversityHalifax B3H 4R2Canada Alfred-Wegener-Institut helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar-und Meeresforschung Bremerhaven D-27515Germany University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

Plastic pollution is a planetary level threat which affects Earth’s environment and *** the poles to deep ocean basins,the growth of plastic waste has already exceeded its *** projected increase of plastic production and waste generation over the coming years makes the situation even more *** after stagnation in 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic,the global plastic production has also increased from 335 to 391 million metric tons(Mt)between 2016 and 2021(Fig.S1 online);yet currently post-consumer recycled and bio-based/attributed plastics only accounts~9%of the world’s plastic production[1].Statistically.

关键词：微塑料 attributed plastics

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Resilience, the 6th Vital Sign: Conceptualizing, Contextualizing, and Operationalizing All Six Vital Signs

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health 2024年第7期16卷 657-673页

作者： Rose E. Constantino Betty J. Braxter Chi Ching Vivian hui Larissa C. allen Lillian J. Wolfe Katherine h. Endres Jezyl Cempron Cutamora Laurence L. Garcia Daisy R. Palompon Kathleen Thimsen Brayden N. Kameg Margarete L. Zalon Department of health and Community Systems School of Nursing University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh PA USA Undergraduate Affairs School of Nursing University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh PA USA The hong Kong Polytechnic University Hong Kong China School of Nursing Adjunct Faculty at the University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh PA USA School of Nursing University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh PA USA Department of health Promotion and Development School of Nursing University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh PA USA College of Nursing Cebu Normal University Cebu City Philippines School of Nursing University of Nevada Las Vegas USA Department of health and Community Systems University of Pittsburgh PA USA Department of Nursing University of Scranton Scranton PA USA

There are five vital signs that healthcare providers assess: temperature, pulse, respiration, blood pressure, and pain. Normal levels for the five vital signs are published by the American heart Association, and other specialty organizations, however, the sixth vital sign (resilience) which adopts the measure of immune resilience is suggested in this paper. Resilience is the ability of the immune system to respond to attacks and defend effectively against infections and inflammatory stressors, and psychological resilience is the capacity to resist, adapt, recover, thrive, and grow from a challenge or a stressor. Individuals with better optimal immune resilience had better health outcomes than those with minimal immune resilience. The purpose of this paper is to conceptualize, contextualize, and operationalize all six vital signs. We suggest measuring resilience subjectively and objectively. Subjectively, use a 5-item guided interview revised from the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CDRC), a scale of 10 items. The revised CDRC scale is a 5-item scale. The scale is rated on a 5-point Likert scale from 0 (not true) to 4 (true all the time). The total score ranges from 0 to 20, with higher total scores indicating greater resilience. The scale demonstrated good construct validity and internal consistency (α = 0.85) during the development of the scale. The CD-RISC had a good Cronbach’s alpha level of 0.85. The Revised CD-RISC can be completed in 2 - 4 minutes. To measure resilience objectively, we suggest using Immune Resilience (IR) levels, the level of resilience to preserve and/or rapidly restore immune resilience functions that promote disease resistance and control inflammation and other inflammatory stress. IR levels are gauged with two peripheral blood metrics that quantify the balance between CD8 and CD4 T-cell levels and gene expression signatures tracking longevity-associated immunocompetence and mortality- or entropy-associated inflammation. IR deregulation i

关键词： Conceptualization Contextualization Operationalization Body Temperature Pulse Respiration Blood Pressure Pain Resilience

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Effects of the concentration and nature of total dissolved solids in drinking water on feed intake, nutrient digestion, energy balance,methane emission, ruminal fermentation, and blood constituents in different breeds of young goats and hair sheep

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Animal Nutrition 2024年第1期16卷 84-95页

作者： Amlan Kumar Patra Luana Paula dos Santos Ribeiro hirut Yirga Adekayode O.Sonibare Ahmed R.Askar Ali h.hussein Ryszard Puchala Arthur Louis Goetsch American Institute for Goat Research Langston University Animal and Poultry Nutrition Department Desert Research Center Agriculture Food and Natural ResourcesEastern New Mexico University

Understanding how different livestock species and breeds respond to consumption of brackish water could improve usage of this ***,Angora,Boer,and Spanish goat doelings and Dorper,Katahdin,and *** ewe lambs (6 animals per animal type[AT];initial age=296±2.1 days)consuming water with varying concentrations of minerals of a natural brackish water source (BR) and sodium chloride (NaCl;SL) were used to determine effects on water and feed intake,nutrient digestion,heat energy,methane emission,ruminal fluid conditions,and blood constituent *** were 6 simultaneous 6 (water treatments[WT])×6 (AT) Latin squares with 3-wk *** WT were fresh (FR),BR alone (100-BR),a similar total dissolved solids (TDS) concentration as 100-BR via NaCl addition to FR (100-SL),BR with concentrations of all minerals increased by approximately 50%(150-BR),a similar TDS level as 150-BR by NaCl addition to FR (150-SL),and a similar 150 TDS level achieved by addition of a 1:1 mixture of BR minerals and NaCl to 100-BR (150-BR/SL).Concentrations (mg/kg) in BR were 4928 TDS,85.9 bicarbonate,224.9 calcium,1175 chloride,60.5 magnesium,4.59 potassium,1387sodium,1962 sulfate,and 8.3 boron,and TDS in other WT were 209,5684,7508,8309,and 7319 mg/kg for FR,100-SL,150-BR,150-SL,and 150-BR/SL,*** were very few significant effects of WT or AT×WT interactions,although AT had numerous *** intake was affected by AT (P=0.02)and WT (P=0.04),with greater water intake for 150-SL than for FR,100-BR,100-SL,and *** matter intake among AT was lowest (Pheat energy differed among AT (Phane emission were similar among *** aldosterone concentration was higher (Phan for other *** conclusion,all AT seemed resilient to these WT regardless of mineral source and concentrations,with TDS less than 8300 mg/kg,which did

关键词： Goats hair sheep Nutrient utilization Ruminal fermentation Salinity Water quality

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Cryosphere as a temporal sink and source of microplastics in the Arcticregion

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Geoscience Frontiers 2023年第4期14卷 187-199页

作者： Yulan Zhang Tanguang Gao Shichang Kang Deonie allen Zhaoqing Wang Xi Luo Ling Yang Jinlei Chen Zhaofu hu Pengfei Chen Wentao Du Steve allen State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou 730000China College of Earth and Environmental Sciences Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China School of Geography Earth and Environmental SciencesUniversity of BirminghamEdgbastonBirminghamB152TTUK School for Resource and Environmental Studies Dalhousie UniversityHalifaxNova Scotia B3H 4R2Canada University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

Microplastics(MPs)pollution has become a serious environmental issue of growing global concern due to the increasing plastic production and *** climate warming,the cryosphere,defined as the part of Earth’s layer characterized by the low temperatures and the presence of frozen water,has been experiencing significant *** Arctic cryosphere(e.g.,sea ice,snow cover,Greenland ice sheet,permafrost)can store and release pollutants into environments,making Arctic an important temporal sink and source of ***,we summarized the distributions of MPs in Arctic snow,sea ice,seawater,rivers,and sediments,to illustrate their potential sources,transport pathways,storage and release,and possible effects in this sentinel *** concentrations of MPs in snow and ice varied about 1-6 orders of magnitude in different regions,which were mostly attributed to the different sampling and measurement methods,and potential sources of *** concentrations from Arctic seawater,river/lake water,and sediments also fluctuated largely,ranging from several items of per unit to>40,000 items m^(-3),100 items m^(-3),and 10,000 items kg^(-1) dw,*** land snow cover can be a temporal storage of MPs,with MPs deposition flux of about(4.9-14.26)×10^(8) items km^(-2) yr^(-1).MPs transported by rivers to Arctic ocean was estimated to be approximately 8-48 ton/yr,with discharge flux of MPs at about(1.65-9.35)×10^(8) items/*** storage of MPs in sea ice was estimated to be about 6.1×10^(18) items,with annual release of about 5.1×10^(18) *** transport of MPs from long-distance terrestrial sources contributed significantly to MPs deposition in Arctic land snow cover,sea ice and oceanic surface *** Great Rivers can flow MPs into the Arctic *** ice can temporally store,transport and then release MPs in the surrounded *** currents from the Atlantic brought high concentrations of MPs into the ***,there existed large u

关键词： Microplastics Arctic Sea ice Snow Seawater Sediments

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how well does XAD resin extraction recover halogenated disinfection byproducts for comprehensive identification and toxicity testing?

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2022年第7期34卷 264-275页

作者： Xiaobin Liao Joshua M.allen Caroline O.Granger Susan D.Richardson Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of South CarolinaColumbiaSouth Carolina 29208USA Institute of Municipal and Environmental Engineering College of Civil EngineeringHuaqiao UniversityFujian 361021China Currently at LanzaTech 535 Commerce DriveSopertonGeorgia 30457USA

halogenated disinfection byproducts(DBPs) are an unintended consequence of drinking water disinfection, and can have significant toxicity. XAD resins are commonly used to extract and enrich trace levels of DBPs for comprehensive, nontarget identification of DBPs and also for in vitro toxicity studies. however, XAD resin recoveries for complete classes of halogenated DBPs have not been evaluated, particularly for low, environmentally relevant levels(ng/L to low μg/L). Thus, it is not known whether levels of DBPs or the toxicity of drinking water might be underestimated. In this study, DAX-8/XAD-2 layered resins were evaluated, considering both adsorption and elution from the resins, for extracting 66 DBPs from water. Results demonstrate that among the 7 classes of DBPs investigated, trihalomethanes(ThMs), including iodo-ThMs, were the most efficiently adsorbed, with recovery of most ThMs ranging from 50%-96%, followed by halonitromethanes(40%-90%). The adsorption ability of XAD resins for haloacetonitriles, haloacetamides, and haloacetaldehydes was highly dependent on the individual species. The adsorption capacity of XAD resins for haloacetic acids was lower(5%-48%), even after adjusting to p h 1 before extraction. Recovery efficiency for most DBPs was comparable with their adsorption, as most were eluted effectively from XAD resins by ethyl acetate. DBP polarity and molecular weight were the two most important factors that determine their recovery. Recovery of trichloromethane, iodoacetic acid, chloro-and iodo-acetonitrile, and chloroacetamide were among the lowest, which could lead to underestimation of toxicity, particularly for iodoacetic acid and iodo-acetonitrile, which are highly toxic.

关键词： XAD resins Disinfection byproducts DBPs Recovery Toxicity

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heterospecific interactions and the proliferation of sexually dimorphic traits

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Current Zoology 2012年第3期58卷 453-462页

作者： Karin S. PFENNIG allen h. hURLBERT Department of Biology University of North Carolina Chapel Hill Chapel Hill NC 27599-3280

Sexual selection is expected to promote speciation by fostering the evolution of sexual traits that minimize reproductive interactions among existing or incipient species. In species that compete for access to, or attention of, females, sexual selection fosters more elaborate traits in males compared to females. If these traits also minimize reproductive interactions with heterospecifics, then species with enhanced risk of interactions between species might display greater numbers of these sexual dimorphic characters. We tested this prediction in eight families of North American birds. In particular, we evaluated whether the number of sexually dimorphic traits was positively associated with species richness at a given site or with degree of sympatry with congeners. We found no strong evidence of enhanced sexual dimorphism with increasing confamilial species richness at a given site. We also found no overall relationship between the number of sexually dimorphic traits and overlap with congeners across these eight families. however, we found patterns consistent with our prediction within Anatidae (ducks, geese and swans) and, to a lesser degree, Parulidae (New World warblers). Our results suggest that sexually selected plumage traits in these groups potentially play a role in reproductive isolation.

关键词：相互作用性状扩散性物种丰富度生殖隔离两性异形数字显示同源性

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Strategies for PET imaging of the receptor for advanced glycation endproducts(RAGE)

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Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis 2020年第5期10卷 452-465页

作者： Lindsey R.Drake allen F.Brooks Jenelle Stauff Phillip S.Sherman Janna Arteaga Robert A.Koeppe Aimee reed Timothy J.Montavon Marc B.Skaddan Peter J.h.Scott Department of Radiology University of MichiganAnn ArborMI48109USA Department of Medicinal Chemistry University of MichiganAnn ArborMI48109USA AbbVie Process Chemistry North ChicagoIL60064USA AbbVie Centralized Medicinal Chemistry North ChicagoIL60064USA AbbVie Translational Imaging North ChicagoIL60064USA

The implication of the receptor for advanced glycation end-products(RAGE)in numerous diseases and neurodegenerative disorders makes it interesting both as a therapeutic target and as an inflammatory *** the context of investigating RAGE as a biomarker,there is interest in developing radiotracers that will enable quantification of RAGE using positron emission tomography(PET)*** have synthesized potential small molecule radiotracers for both the intracellular([18F]InRAGER)and extracellular([18F]RAGER)domains of *** we report preclinical evaluation of both using in vitro(lead panel screens)and in vivo(rodent and nonhuman primate PET imaging)*** radiotracers have high affinity for RAGE and show good brain uptake,but suffer from off-target *** source of the off-target PET signal is not attributable to binding to melatonin receptors,but remains *** have also investigated use of lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-treated mice as a possible animal model with upregulated RAGE for evaluation of new imaging *** of the mouse brain sections revealed increases in RAGE in the male cohorts,but no difference in the female ***,it proves challenging to quantify the changes in RAGE due to off-target binding of the ***,they are appropriate lead scaffolds for future development of 2nd generation RAGE PET radiotracers because of their high affinity for the receptor and good CNS penetration.

关键词： RAGE Neuroimaging Positron emission tomography Radiochemistry Neuroinflammation

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An assessment of coal pillar system stability criteria based on a mechanistic evaluation of the interaction between coal pillars and the overburden

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International Journal of Mining Science and Technology 2017年第1期27卷 9-15页

作者： reed Guy Mctyer Kent Frith Russell Mine Advice Pry Ltd NewcastleNSW 2322Australia

Coal pillar design has historically assigned a factor of safety(Fo S) or stability factor(SF) according to their estimated strength and the assumed overburden load acting on them. Acceptable Fo S values have been assigned based on past mining experience or a statistical link between Fo S and probability of failure(Po F). Pillar width-to-height(w/h) ratio has long been established as having a material influence on both pillar strength and its potential failure mode. however, there has been significant disagreement on using both factor of safety(Fo S) and w/h as part of pillar system stability criterion, as compared to using Fo S in isolation. This paper will argue that there are valid technical reasons to bring w/h ratio into system stability criteria(other than its influence on pillar strength), as it is related to the post-failure stiffness of the pillar, as measured in situ, and its interaction with overburden stiffness. When overburden stiffness is also brought into pillar system stability considerations, two issues emerge. The first is the width-todepth(W/D) ratio of the panel and whether it is sub-critical or super-critical from a surface subsidence perspective. The second relates to a re-evaluation of pillar Fo S based on whether the pillar is in an elastic or non-elastic(i.e., post-yield) state in its as-designed condition, as this is relevant to maintaining overburden stiffness at the highest possible level. The significance of the model is the potential to maximise both reserve recovery and mining efficiencies without any discernible increase in geotechnical risk, particularly in thick seams and higher depth of cover mining situations. At a time when mining economics are, at best, marginal, removing potentially unnecessary design conservatism is of interest to all mine operators and is an important topic for discussion amongst the geotechnical community.

关键词：相互作用机理稳定性判据煤柱评价覆岩设计历史矿柱强度开采深度

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