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Comparison of cerebral activation between motor execution and motor imagery of self-feeding activity

Neural Regeneration Research 2021年第4期16卷 770-774页

作者： Moemi Matsuo Naoki Iso Kengo Fujiwara Takefumi Moriuchi Daiki Matsuda Wataru Mitsunaga Akira Nakashima Toshio higashi Unit of Medical Science Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical SciencesNagasakiJapan Center for Child Mental Health Care and Education Nagasaki UniversityNagasakiJapan Department of Rehabilitation Faculty of Health SciencesTokyo Kasei UniversitySaitamaJapan Zeshinkai General Incorporated Association Nagasaki Rehabilitation HospitalNagasakiJapan The Japanese Red Cross Nagasaki Genbaku HospitalNagasakiJapan Unit of Rehabilitation Nagasaki University HospitalNagasakiJapan

Motor imagery is defined as an act wherein an individual contemplates a mental action of motor execution without apparent *** practice executed by repetitive motor imagery can improve motor performance without simultaneous sensory input or overt *** aimed to investigate cerebral hemodynamics during motor imagery and motor execution of a self-feeding activity using *** study included 21 healthy right-handed *** self-feeding activity task comprised either motor imagery or motor execution of eating sliced cucumber pickles with chopsticks to examine eight regions of interest:pre-supplementary motor area,supplementary motor area,bilateral prefrontal cortex,premotor area,and sensorimotor *** mean oxyhemoglobin levels were detected using near-infrared spectroscopy to reflect cerebral *** mean oxyhemoglobin levels during motor execution were significantly higher in the left sensorimotor cortex than in the supplementary motor area and the left premotor ***,significantly higher oxyhemoglobin levels were detected in the supplementary motor area and the left premotor area during motor imagery,compared to motor *** motor area and premotor area had important roles in the motor imagery of self-feeding ***,the activation levels of the supplementary motor area and the premotor area during motor execution and motor imagery are likely affected by intentional cognitive *** of cerebral activation differed in some areas during motor execution and motor imagery of a self-feeding *** study was approved by the Ethical Review Committee of Nagasaki University(approval No.18110801)on December 10,2018.

关键词： Activities of Daily Living brain function hemodynamics imagery(psychotherapy) mental practice motor cortex near-infrared neuroimaging neuroscience rehabilitation spectroscopy

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End of the “American Century”

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Economic and Political Studies 2013年第1期1卷 79-88页

作者： allan H.MELTZER Carnegie Mellon University and the American Enterprise Institute

At the start of the post WWII era,the United States led the world to establish a political and economic order for freer trade,military cooperation,and economic development in low income *** program was far from perfect,but it gave the world decades of growth,expansion,and increased freedom and *** people in more countries raised their living standards more significantly than in any other period of human *** trade and avoidance of major wars benefited people *** *** is nevertheless much weaker *** cannot agree on trade treaties to remove further barriers,and the growing size and importance of several countries with diverse interests make agreements harder to *** in parts of the world restricts the spread of markets.A likely outcome will be slower growth of the world economy in the future.

关键词： American Century international economic institutions political stalemate

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The new era of precision medicine in hepatocellular carcinoma:the urgent need for promising biomarkers

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Hepatobiliary Surgery and Nutrition 2018年第6期7卷 490-491页

作者： Haruhiko Takeda Hiroki Nishikawa yukio Osaki Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Graduate School of MedicineKyoto UniversityKyotoJapan Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Osaka Red Cross HospitalOsakaJapan Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Hyogo College of MedicineNishinomiyaJapan Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Meiwa HospitalNishinomiyaJapan

Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is the second most lethal malignancy worldwide,and the prognosis of advanced HCC is especially *** the SHARP trial reported in 2007,a number of phase III trials of molecular targeting agents for advanced HCC have been conducted,but most of them have failed to achieve their primary endpoint,and sorafenib has been the only first-line systemic therapy approved for HCC in this decade(1).

关键词： prognosis carcinoma hepatocellular

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Lumbar interspinous pressure pain threshold values for healthy young men and women and the effect of prolonged fully flexed lumbar sitting posture:An observational study

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World Journal of Orthopedics 2020年第3期11卷 158-166页

作者： Martin Petersson allan Abbott Department of Physiotherapy Gripen Värmland Country CouncilKarlstad SE-65224Sweden Department of Medical and Health Sciences Division of PhysiotherapyFaculty of Health SciencesLinköping UniversityLinköping SE-58183Sweden

BACKGROUND Low back pain(LBP)is a common condition with large burden *** to prolonged sitting with a flexed lumbar posture has been suggested in the literature to be a potential risk factor for self-reported *** study has previously investigated whether exposure to prolonged flexed sitting posture provokes discomfort/pain and decreased interspinous pressure pain thresholds for healthy young men and women without back pain,despite this being a suggested risk factor for *** To investigate whether sitting in a prolonged flexed lumbar posture provokes discomfort and lowers interspinous pressure pain thresholds in the lumbar spine for healthy young men and women without previous *** This is a an observational before and after study of 26 participants(13 men,13 women)between 20-35 years *** was used to examine the pain threshold for pressure applied between spinous processes of the lumbar spine *** algometer measures were performed in prone before and after participants were instructed to sit in a fully flexed posture for a maximum of 15 min or until discomfort was experienced in the low back(Borg CR10=7/10).Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used for analyze values from the before and after test ***-Whitney U test was used to investigate potential gender *** Fully flexed lumbar spine sitting posture up to 15 min provoked temporary discomfort but the proportion of participants experiencing discomfort 7/10 in the low back was 62%.For all pain pressure threshold locations tested,there was a significant difference for the study population with moderate-large decreased(r=-0.56)pressure pain threshold after exposure to prolonged flexed sitting posture(P<0.01).Comparisons between gender did not show any significant *** The result showed that exposure to fully flexed lumbar sitting posture for up to 15 min produced temporary discomfort in the low back in young healthy adults with no previo

关键词： Low back pain Pain pressure threshold Algometer Posture Spine Pain mechanism

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The effect of weeding frequency and schedule on weeding operation time: a simulation study on a sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) plantation in Japan

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Journal of Forestry Research 2020年第6期31卷 2129-2135页

作者： Keiko Fukumoto Tetsuji Ota Nobuya Mizoue Shigejiro Yoshida yukio Teraoka Tsuyoshi Kajisa Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences Kyushu University744 MotookaNishi-kuFukuoka 819-0395Japan Institute of Decision Science for a Sustainable Society Kyushu University744 MotookaNishi-kuFukuoka 819-0395Japan Faculty of Agriculture Kyushu University744 MotookaNishi-kuFukuoka 819-0395Japan Faculty of Agriculture Kagoshima University1-21-24 KorimotoKagoshima 890-0065Japan Forest and Forest Products Research Institute Forest Research and Management Organization1 MatsunosatoTsukuba Ibaraki 305-8687Japan

This study quantified the effect of weeding frequency and weeding schedules on weeding operation time in a sugi(Cryptomeria japonica)plantation stand.A weeding operation time estimation model was developed;then the cumulative weeding operation time after six growing seasons was simulated using the developed *** developed model included weed height,relative height of weeds to sugi,and initial planting *** simulated cumulative weeding operation time decreased approximately 6%for each one-treatment decrease in weeding *** a three-treatment weeding frequency scenario,the simulated cumulative operation time when weeding was conducted during non-consecutive years was longer than that when weeding was conducted during three consecutive *** results suggest that carrying out weeding treatment during consecutive years is the more effective for reduction of weeding *** conclude that weeding schedule as well as weeding frequency must be considered for reduction of weeding operation time.

关键词： Weeding Operation time Simulation Lowcost silviculture Growth model

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Simple HPLC–UV Analysis of Phenol and Its Related Compounds in Tap Water after Pre-Column Derivatization with 4-Nitrobenzoyl Chloride

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Journal of Analytical Sciences, Methods and Instrumentation 2017年第1期7卷 18-28页

作者： Yasuhiko higashi Department of Analytical Chemistry Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences Hokuriku University Kanazawa Japan

The purpose of this study is to develop an HPLC-UV (280 nm) method for simultaneous determination of phenol, five chlorophenols (2-chlorophenol, 4-chlorophenol, 2,4-dichlorophenol, 2,6-dichlorophenol, and 2,4,6-trichlorophenol), and three phenylphenols (2-phenylphenol, 3-phenylphenol, and 4-phenylphenol) in tap water after pre-column derivatization with 4-nitrobenzoyl chloride. Standard curves were obtained after derivatization with 4-nitrobenzoyl chloride in borate buffer (pH 8.5) at 50°C for 1 min. The nine 4-nitrobenzoyl derivatives were well separated in less than 15 min on a Cholester column. Calibration plots were linear in the range of 0.02 ~ 0.12 to 0.9 mg/L, with r2 values ≥0.9928, for all compounds. The lower limits of detection were 0.006 to 0.05 mg/L. The coefficients of variation were less than 12.0%. The recovery values from tap water spiked with a standard mixture of test compounds were satisfactory. While the levels of phenol, five chlorophenols, and three phenylphenols in tap water were below the lower limit of determination, our method is expected to be useful for monitoring and/or identifying environmental water samples that are contaminated with these compounds, i.e., for assessing compliance with the official guidelines of the World Health Organization.

关键词： Phenol Chlorophenol Phenylphenol 4-Nitrobenzoyl Chloride Derivatization

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Biomarkers in inflammatory bowel diseases:Current status and proteomics identification strategies

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第12期20卷 3231-3244页

作者： Tue Bennike Svend Birkelund allan Stensballe Vibeke Andersen Department of Health Science and Technology Aalborg University Institute of Regional Health Research University of Southern Denmark Organ Center Hospital of Southern Jutland

Unambiguous diagnosis of the two main forms of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD): Ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn’s disease (CD), represents a challenge in the early stages of the diseases. The diagnosis may be established several years after the debut of symptoms. Hence, protein biomarkers for early and accurate diagnostic could help clinicians improve treatment of the individual patients. Moreover, the biomarkers could aid physicians to predict disease courses and in this way, identify patients in need of intensive treatment. Patients with low risk of disease flares may avoid treatment with medications with the concomitant risk of adverse events. In addition, identification of disease and course specific biomarker profiles can be used to identify biological pathways involved in the disease development and treatment. Knowledge of disease mechanisms in general can lead to improved future development of preventive and treatment strategies. Thus, the clinical use of a panel of biomarkers represents a diagnostic and prognostic tool of potentially great value. The technological development in recent years within proteomic research (determination and quantification of the complete protein content) has made the discovery of novel biomarkers feasible. Several IBD-associated protein biomarkers are known, but none have been successfully implemented in daily use to distinguish CD and UC patients. The intestinal tissue remains an obvious place to search for novel biomarkers, which blood, urine or stool later can be screened for. When considering the protein complexity encountered in intestinal biopsy-samples and the recent development within the field of mass spectrometry driven quantitative proteomics, a more thorough and accurate biomarker discovery endeavor could today be performed than ever before. In this review, we report the current status of the proteomics IBD biomarkers and discuss various emerging proteomic strategies for identifying and characterizing nove

关键词： Inflammatory bowel disease, Biomarker, Proteomics, Citrullination, Ulcerative colitis, Crohn’ s disease, Posttranslational modification

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Improved Method for Determination of Raspberry Ketone in Fragrance Mist by HPLC-Fluorescence Analysis after Pre-Column Derivatization with 4-(N,N-Dimethylaminosulfonyl)-7-(N-chloroformylmethyl-N-methylamino)-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole

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Journal of Analytical Sciences, Methods and Instrumentation 2018年第2期8卷 17-24页

作者： Yasuhiko higashi Department of Analytical Chemistry Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences Hokuriku University Ho-3 Kanagawa-machi Kanazawa Japan

Raspberry ketone {RK, 4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)butan-2-one} is structurally resembles 4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-butanol, which causes leukoderma on consumers’ skin. Therefore, it is important to measure in cosmetics for quality assessment. Very recently, an HPLC-fluorescence method for determination of RK in a fragrance mist by pre-column derivatization with 4-hydrazino-7-nitro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole hydrazine was established. However, the derivatization conditions (80°C, 20 min) were severe. In this study, an improved pre-column derivatization with 4-(N,N-dimethylaminosulfonyl)-7-(N-chloro-formylmethyl-N-methylamino)-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole (DBD-COCl) is presented by HPLC-fluorescence method for determination of RK. The DBD-CO-RK derivative was eluted from a reversed-phase ODS column, and detected with excitation at 440 nm and emission at 543 nm. Derivatization was performed at room temperature for 3 min. The retention time of DBD-CO-RK derivative was 16.8 min. The standard curve was linear in the range of 0.05 to 2.5 μg/mL, with a correlation coefficient (r2) value of 0.9988. The lower limit of detection was 0.01 μg/mL (absolute amount of 0.3 pmol). The coefficients of variation were less than 10.0%. The content of RK in fragrance mist (1.00 mL) was 1.20 ± 0.08 mg (range, 1.10 to 1.31 mg, n = 5). Recovery tests were satisfactory (91.8 ± 5.4%;range, 84.2 to 98.2%, n = 5).

关键词： Raspberry Ketone High-Performance Liquid Chromatography 4-(N N-Dimethylaminosulfonyl)-7-(N-chloroformylmethyl-N-methylamino)-2 1 3-benzoxadiazole Derivatization Fluo-rescence

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Systemic Signaling and Local Sensing of Phosphate in Common Bean： Cross-Talk between Photosynthate and MicroRNA399

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Molecular Plant 2010年第2期3卷 428-437页

作者： Jun-Qi Liu Deborah L. allan Carroll R Vance Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics University of Minnesota St Paul MN 55108 USA Department of Soil Water and Climate University of Minnesota. St Paul MN 55108 USA United States Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service St Paul MN 55108 USA

Shoot-to-root communication is crucial for plant acclimation to phosphorus （P）-deficiency. Both sugars and miRNAs have been implicated as potential signal molecules transported through phloem from shoot to root for the reg- ulation of gene expression and Pi uptake in the root. By studying the expression patterns of both a serine/threonine phos- phatase gene （PvHAD1） and microRNA399 （miR399） in common bean （Phaseolus vulgaris L.）, we provide evidence for the interaction between light, phloem transport, and miR399 in the systemic regulation of gene expression under P-deficiency. Especially, miR399 expression in both the shoot and the root requires photosynthetic carbon assimilation during the onset of P-deficiency. In contrast to systemic signaling, local sensing was the primary causal factor for rapid down-regulation of PvHAD1 by Pi prior to the reduction of miR399 level in P-deficient roots. Furthermore, this initial response to Pi in P-de- ficient root was also mimicked by the Pi analog, phosphonate （Phi）. Our current findings suggest that plants have developed a highly coordinated dual regulatory pathway, namely long-distance signaling of P-deficiency from shoot to root versus local sensing of Pi in the root.

关键词： Roots nutrient stress photosynthate signaling.

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A Comparative Study of Reasoning-and-proving Opportunities in Geometry among Singaporean and Ugandan Lower Secondary School Mathematics Textbooks

A Comparative Study of Reasoning-and-proving Opportunities i...

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作者： Muganga allan 西南大学

学位级别：硕士

In the recent years,the importance of reasoning and proving has been globally advocated *** Uganda’s lower secondary classes,geometry has often been taught,but the reasoning and proving opportunities had not been vigorously *** of its higher performances in the international assessment tests（i.e.,TIMSS and PISA）,Singapore was singled out for this textbook *** research questions arose:What is the nature and scope of the opportunities regarding reasoning-and-proving confined in the selected lower secondary school mathematics textbooks of Singapore and Uganda? How do the reasoning-and-proving opportunities in the selected Singaporean and Ugandan lower secondary school mathematics textbooks within the exposition section compare to the opportunities within the student exercises section? An analytical framework with elaborated details regarding reasoning and proving was adopted and a content analysis of six lower secondary mathematics textbooks from the above-mentioned countries was carried *** response to the first research question,it was observed that Singapore textbooks had more items regarding reasoning and proving in the exposition section as compared to the Uganda *** for the second research question,the most remarkable finding in both countries was that even though general statements made up much of the reasoning and proving opportunities in the exposition section,particular statements appeared to be more within the exercises ***,findings propose criteria for assessing geometry opportunities’ quality and quantity and opportunities in other topics such as algebra regarding reasoning and proof in secondary school textbooks in Uganda in the future.

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