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Science Bulletin 2022年第6期67卷 655-664,M0004页

作者：王斌 allan c.spessa 冯璞玉侯鑫岳超罗京佳 Philippe ciais cathy Waters Annette cowie Rachael H.Nolan Tadas Nikonovas Huidong Jin Henry Walshaw 魏菁华郭小伟刘德立于强 State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau Northwest A&F UniversityYangling 712100China New South Wales Department of Primary Industries Wagga Wagga Agricultural InstituteWagga Wagga 2650Australia Department of Geography College of ScienceSwansea UniversitySingleton ParkSwansea SA28PPUK college of Land Science and Technology China Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China college of Natural Resources and Environment Northwest A&F UniversityYangling 712100China Institute for climate and Application Research(IcAR)/Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster of Ministry of Education(KLME) Nanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjing 210044China Laboratoire des Sciences du climat et de l'Environnement CEA-CNRS-UVSQGif sur Yvette F-91191France New South Wales Department of Primary Industries Dubbo 2830Australia New South Wales Department of Primary Industries Armidale 2351Australia School of Environmental and Rural Science University of New EnglandArmidale 2351Australia Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment Western Sydney UniversityPenrith 2751Australia cSIRO Data61 Canberra 2601Australia Python charmers Pty Ltd Hawthorn 3122Australia Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota Northwest Institute of Plateau BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesXining 810008China climate change Research centre University of New South WalesSydney 2052Australia college of Resources and Environment University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China

2019年底至2020年初,澳大利亚东南部发生森林大火,燃烧面积达540万公顷,打破当地历史观测纪录,引发全球关注.此次火灾强度高,且多发在人类聚集区,对当地人类健康、社会经济以及生态系统造成重大影响.研究森林火灾的驱动因素并确定其对... 详细信息

2019年底至2020年初,澳大利亚东南部发生森林大火,燃烧面积达540万公顷,打破当地历史观测纪录,引发全球关注.此次火灾强度高,且多发在人类聚集区,对当地人类健康、社会经济以及生态系统造成重大影响.研究森林火灾的驱动因素并确定其对火灾程度影响的阈值,可有效帮助当地消防机构和管理部门为潜在火灾做好准备.本研究选取与火灾天气和植被生产力有关的环境要素,开发了一个基于数据驱动的机器学习诊断模型.该诊断模型对燃烧面积估测的准确性达80%以上.过去20年间,澳大利亚东南部森林火灾面积与环境要素之间呈非线性关系,且大火主要受极端火灾天气控制.由于全球变暖的影响,南极振荡和印度洋偶极子指数异常波动,导致该区域极端火灾天气频发.本研究开发的火灾面积诊断模型有助于改进澳大利亚森林火灾预警系统,并为有效防范火灾提供决策依据.

关键词：森林大火燃烧面积消防机构诊断模型环境要素机器学习观测纪录森林火灾

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Supplemental mineral ions for bone regeneration and osteoporosis treatment

再生工程(英文)

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再生工程(英文) 2023年第2期4卷 170-182页

作者： Yingchao Su Matthew cappock Stephanie Dobres allan J.Kucine Wayne c.Waltzer Donghui Zhu Department of Biomedical Engineering Stony Brook UniversityStony BrookNY 11794USA Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Stony Brook UniversityStony BrookNY 11794USA Department of Urology Stony Brook UniversityStony BrookNY 11794USA

Mineral ions play a crucial role in various biological processes in the human body,particularly in bone repair and regeneration.Supplementation with mineral ions offers several advantages over other therapies or treatments for bone repair and regeneration,such as higher biosafety,universal applicability,and compatibility with the immune system.Additionally,supplementation with mineral ions may avoid the need for invasive surgical procedures.The aim of this review is to provide a comprehensive overview of the functions of potentially beneficial mineral ions and their effects on bone regeneration and osteoporosis treatment.By examining previous studies,including in vitro cellular experiments,in vivo animal models,and clinical trials,this review compares the benefits and potential adverse effects of these mineral ions.Moreover,the review provides guidelines for suggested daily supplementation of these mineral ions to assist future preclinical and clinical studies in bone regeneration and osteoporosis treatment.

关键词： Mineral elements Metallic ions Dietary supplementation Bone repair Bone regeneration Osteoporosis

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Strategies for fast breeding and improvement of Actinidia species

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Horticulture Research 2023年第3期10卷 266-270页

作者： Dinum Herath Tianchi Wang charlotte Voogd Yongyan Peng Mikaela Douglas Joanna Putterill Erika Varkonyi-Gasic Andrew c.allan The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited(Plant&Food Research)Mt Albert Private Bag 92169Auckland Mail CentreAuckland 1142New Zealand School of Biological Sciences University of AucklandPrivate Bag 92019AucklandNew Zealand

Perspective Ensuring food security for a rapidly growing world population will need new approaches.These include speed breeding and new breeding technologies,which have been established for major staple crops.Improvement of woody perennial fruit tree species has progressed at a much slower pace and has met many obstacles.Yet fruit production will face major challenges with climate change,such as the loss of winter chilling needed for f lowering,a potential decrease in pollinator availability,and increasing pest and disease problems.Actinidia chinensis(kiwifruit)is an important fresh fruit crop,with varieties only several generations removed from the wild accessions and carrying only a fraction of the available genetic diversity[1,2].Improvement of traits such as fruit quality and storage,and resistance to emergent diseases underpin the breeding efforts,which are hampered by a long generation time,large plant size,dependence on chilling for budbreak and f lowering,dioecy and different ploidy levels.In addition to kiwifruit,the genus Actinidia consists of more than 50 species with edible fruit,all showing tremendous potential as future fruit crops[3].Their fast domestication and improvement will enable production of high-quality healthy fruit,contributing to food security in the changing climate conditions.

关键词： breeding crops removed

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A behavior and physiology-based decision support tool to predict thermal comfort and stress in non-pregnant,mid-gestation,and late-gestation sows

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2023年第2期14卷 814-826页

作者： Betty R.Mcconn allan P.Schinckel Lindsey Robbins Brianna N.Gaskill Angela R.Green‑Miller Donald c.Lay Jr Jay S.Johnson Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education Oak RidgeTN 37830USA Department of Animal Sciences Purdue UniversityWest LafayetteIN 47907USA Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering University of IllinoisUrbanaIL 61801USA USDA-ARS Livestock Behavior Research Unit West LafayetteIN 47907USA.

Background:Although thermal indices have been proposed for swine,none to our knowledge differentiate by reproductive stage or predict thermal comfort using behavioral and physiological data.The study objective was to develop a behavior and physiology-based decision support tool to predict thermal comfort and stress in multiparous(3.28±0.81)non-pregnant(n=11),mid-gestation(n=13),and late-gestation(n=12)sows.Results:Regression analyses were performed using PROc MIXED in SAS 9.4 to determine the optimal environmental indicator[dry bulb temperature(TDB)and dew point]of heat stress(HS)in non-pregnant,mid-gestation,and lategestation sows with respiration rate(RR)and body temperature(TB)successively used as the dependent variable in a cubic function.A linear relationship was observed for skin temperature(T_(S))indicating that TDB rather than the sow HS response impacted T_(S)and so T_(S)was excluded from further analyses.Reproductive stage was significant for all analyses(Pch reproductive stage were calculated using the inflections points of RR for mild HS and TB for moderate and severe HS.Mild HS inflection points differed for non-pregnant,mid-gestation,and late gestation sows and occurred at 25.5,25.1,and 24.0℃,respectively.Moderate HS inflection points differed for non-pregnant,mid-gestation,and late gestation sows and occurred at 28.1,27.8,and 25.5℃,respectively.Severe HS inflection points were similar for non-pregnant and mid-gestation sows(32.9℃)but differed for late-gestation sows(30.8℃).These data were integrated with previously collected behavioral thermal preference data to estimate the TDB that non-pregnant,mid-gestation,and late-gestation sows found to be cool(TDBce range),comfortable(TDB=TDB preference range),and warm(TDB preference rangeconclusions:The results of this study provide valuable information about thermal comfort and thermal stress thresholds in sows at three reproductive stages.The development of a behavior and physiology-based deci

关键词： Decision support Gestation Heat stress Management Sows Thermal index

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Magnetic resonance imaging manifestations of cerebral small vessel disease:automated quantification and clinical application

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chinese Medical Journal 2021年第2期134卷 151-160页

作者： Lei Zhao allan Lee Yu-Hua Fan Vincent c.T.Mok Lin Shi BrainNow Research Institute ShenzhenGuangdong 518000China Department of Neurology The First Affiliated HospitalSun Yat-sen UniversityGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological DiseasesNational Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of NeurologyGuangzhouGuangdong 510080China Department of Medicine and Therapeutics The Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong 999077China Gerald choa Neuroscience centre Margaret KL Cheung Research Centre for Management of ParkinsonismTherese Pei Fong Chow Research Centre for Prevention of DementiaLui Che Woo Institute of Innovative MedicineThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong 999077China Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology The Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong 999077China

The common cerebral small vessel disease(cSVD)neuroimaging features visible on conventional structural magnetic resonance imaging include recent small subcortical infarcts,lacunes,white matter hyperintensities,perivascular spaces,microbleeds,and brain atrophy.The cSVD neuroimaging features have shared and distinct clinical consequences,and the automatic quantification methods for these features are increasingly used in research and clinical settings.This review article explores the recent progress in cSVD neuroimaging feature quantification and provides an overview of the clinical consequences of these cSVD features as well as the possibilities of using these features as endpoints in clinical trials.The added value of cSVD neuroimaging quantification is also discussed for researches focused on the mechanism of cSVD and the prognosis in subjects with cSVD.

关键词： cerebral small vessel disease Neuroimaging manifestations Automated quantification clinical relevance

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Shunts, channels and lipoprotein endosomal traffic： a new model of cholesterol homeostasis in the hepatocyte

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The Journal of Biomedical Research 2017年第2期31卷 95-107页

作者： Robert Scott Kiss allan Sniderman Research Institute of the McGill University Health centre Montreal Quebec H4A 3J1 Canada Department of Medicine McGill University Montreal Quebec H4A 3J1 Canada

The liver directs cholesterol metabolism in the organism. All the major fluxes of cholesterol within the body involve the liver： dietary cholesterol is directed to the liver; cholesterol from peripheral cells goes to the liver; the liver is a major site of cholesterol synthesis for the organism; cholesterol is secreted from the liver within the bile, within apoB lipoproteins and translocated to nascent HDL. The conventional model of cholesterol homeostasis posits that cholesterol from any source enters a common, rapidly exchangeable pool within the cell, which is in equilibrium with a regulatory pool. Increased influx of cholesterol leads rapidly to decreased synthesis of cholesterol. This model was developed based on in vitro studies in the fibroblast and validated only for LDL particles. The challenges the liver must meet in vivo to achieve cholesterol homeostasis are far more complex. Our model posits that the cholesterol derived from three different lipoproteins endosomes has three different fates： LDL-derived cholesterol is largely recycled within VLDL with most of the cholesterol shunted through the hepatocyte without entering the exchangeable pool of cholesterol; high density lipoprotein-derived cE is transcytosed into bile; and chylomicron remnant-derived cholesterol primarily enters the regulatory pool within the hepatocyte. These endosomal channels represent distinct physiological pathways and hepatic homeostasis represents the net result of the outcomes of these distinct channels. Our model takes into account the distinct physiological challenges the hepatocyte must meet, underlie the pathophysiology of many of the apoB dyslipoproteinemias and account for the sustained effectiveness of therapeutic agents such as statins.

关键词： AcAT2 cholesterol hepatocyte HMGcR LDLR

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A new vaccination strategy to trigger specific cD4 T-cell response in chronic viral infection

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cellular & Molecular Immunology 2018年第9期15卷 868-869页

作者： allan Randrup Thomsen Department of Immunology and Microbiology University of CopenhagenPanum InstituteCopenhagen DK-2200Denmark

Persistent viral infections such as HIV and hepatitis c virus pose a severe health risk to the human population,which so far cannot be addressed by efficient prophylactic vaccination.Antiviral treatment is expensive and often associated with significant adverse effects.Therapeutic vaccination could therefore represent an important addition to current treatment modalities.However,vaccination of chronically infected hosts has mostly fallen short of expectations.One important reason for this is that during the development of a chronic infection,normal memory T cells do not develop.1 Instead,some specificities of virusspecific T cells are eliminated while others develop into a dysfunctional cell type termed exhausted cells.

关键词： vaccination infection treatment

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Maternal chitosan oligosaccharide intervention optimizes the production performance and health status of gilts and their offspring

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Animal Nutrition 2020年第2期6卷 134-142页

作者： Thi Ho Marefa Jahan Ziaul Haque Susie Kracht Peter c.Wynn Yuguang Du allan Gunn Bing Wang Graham centre for Agricultural Innovation Charles Sturt UniversityWagga WaggaNSW 2678Australia Institute of Process Engineering Chinese Academy of ScienceBeijing 100190China

chitosan oligosaccharides(cOS)are the hydrolyzed product of chitosan and have multifunctional health benefits.The objective of this study was to elucidate the effect of cOS as a dietary supplement to gilts on their productivity and health and that of their litters.Gilts were randomly assigned to either a treatment(n=30)or control group(n=30).The treatment gilts were fed a standard dry sow ration supplemented with cOS at 0.12 and 0.24 g/gilt per d during gestation and lactation,respectively,and the control group was fed the standard dry sow ration only.The body weight,reproductive performance,milk production and litter size for each gilt and body weight of corresponding litters were recorded.The serum immunoglobulins(IgA,IgG,IgM)and secretory immunoglobulin A(sIgA)concentrations of gilts and piglets and fecal sIgA concertation of gilts were measured by Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).Our study showed that maternal cOS supplementation 1)significantly increased gilt body weight in late pregnancy(Pcantly increased milk production of gilts at different stages(d 1,3,7 and19)of lactation(Pcantly increased body weight gain of piglets at weaning(Pcantly increased the serum concentrations of IgM and sIgA in piglets,and slgA in fecal sample of gilts(Pcrease the pregnancy success rate(P>0.05)in the treatment group compared to the control group.These results suggest that maternal cOS intervention in gilts can improve gilt milk production,piglet pre-weaning growth and immunity parameters in both gilts and piglets.

关键词： chitosan oligosaccharides Milk production Immunoglobulin Gestation Lactation

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Foundations of education

Foundations of education

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作者： allan c. Ornstein ... [et al.]

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Adsorption of pharmaceuticals from aqueous solutions using biochar derived from cotton gin waste and guayule bagasse

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Biochar 2021年第1期3卷 89-104页

作者： Marlene c.Ndoun Herschel AElliott Heather EPreisendanz clinton FWilliams allan Knopf John EWatson Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering The Pennsylvania State University243 Agricultural Engineering BuildingUniversity ParkPA 16802USA USDA-ARS Arid Lands Agricultural Research center MaricopaAZ 85138USA Department of Ecosystem Science and Management The Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPA 16802USA

Biochars produced from cotton gin waste(cG)and guayule bagasse(GB)were characterized and explored as potential adsorbents for the removal of pharmaceuticals(sulfapyridine-SPY,docusate-DcT and erythromycin-ETM)from aqueous solution.An increase in biochar pyrolysis temperature from 350οc to 700℃ led to an increase in pH,specific surface area,and surface hydrophobicity.The electronegative surface of all tested biochars indicated that non-coulombic mechanisms were involved in adsorption of the anionic or uncharged pharmaceuticals under experimental conditions.The adsorption capacities of Sulfapyridine(SPY),Docusate(DcT)and Erythromycin(ETM)on biochar were influenced by the contact time and solution pH,as well as biochar specific surface area and functional groups.Adsorption of these pharmaceutical compounds was dominated by a complex interplay of three mechanisms:hydrophobic partitioning,hydrogen bonding andπ-πelectron donor-acceptor(EDA)interactions.Despite weakerπ-πEDA interactions,reduced hydrophobicity of SPY−and increased electrostatic repulsion between anionic SPY−and the electronegative cG biochar surface at higher pH,the adsorption of SPY unexpectedly increased from 40% to 70% with an increase in pH from 7 to 10.Under alkaline conditions,adsorption was dominated by the formation of strong negative charge-assisted H-bonding between the sulfonamide moiety of SPY and surface carboxylic groups.There seemed to be no appreciable and consistent differences in the extent of DcT and ETM adsorption as the pH changed.Results suggest the cG and GB biochars could act as effective adsorbents for the removal of pharmaceuticals from reclaimed water prior to irrigation.High surface area biochars with physico-chemical properties(e.g.,presence of functional groups,high cation and anion exchange capacities)conducive to strong interactions with polar-nonpolar functionality of pharmaceuticals could be used to achieve significant contaminant removal from water.

关键词： adsorption Adsorption adsorbent

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