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Extreme fire weather is the major driver of severe bushfires in southeast Australia

Science Bulletin 2022年第6期67卷 655-664,M0004页

作者： Bin Wang allan c.spessa Puyu Feng Xin Hou chao Yue Jing-Jia Luo Philippe ciais cathy Waters Annette cowie Rachael H.Nolan Tadas Nikonovas Huidong Jin Henry Walshaw Jinghua Wei Xiaowei Guo De Li Liu Qiang Yu State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau Northwest A&F UniversityYangling 712100China New South Wales Department of Primary Industries Wagga Wagga Agricultural InstituteWagga Wagga 2650Australia Department of Geography College of ScienceSwansea UniversitySingleton ParkSwansea SA28PPUK college of Land Science and Technology China Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China college of Natural Resources and Environment Northwest A&F UniversityYangling 712100China Institute for climate and Application Research(IcAR)/Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster of Ministry of Education(KLME) Nanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjing 210044China Laboratoire des Sciences du climat et de l'Environnement CEA-CNRS-UVSQGif sur Yvette F-91191France New South Wales Department of Primary Industries Dubbo 2830Australia New South Wales Department of Primary Industries Armidale 2351Australia School of Environmental and Rural Science University of New EnglandArmidale 2351Australia Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment Western Sydney UniversityPenrith 2751Australia cSIRO Data61 Canberra 2601Australia Python charmers Pty Ltd Hawthorn 3122Australia Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota Northwest Institute of Plateau BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesXining 810008China climate change Research centre University of New South WalesSydney 2052Australia college of Resources and Environment University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China

In Australia,the proportion of forest area that burns in a typical fire season is less than for other vegetation ***,the 2019-2020 austral spring-summer was an exception,with over four times the previous maximum area burnt in southeast Australian temperate *** forest fires have extensive socio-economic,human health,greenhouse gas emissions,and biodiversity impacts due to high fire intensities.A robust model that identifies driving factors of forest fires and relates impact thresholds to fire activity at regional scales would help land managers and fire-fighting agencies prepare for potentially hazardous fire in ***,we developed a machine-learning diagnostic model to quantify nonlinear relationships between monthly burnt area and biophysical factors in southeast Australian forests for 2001-2020 on a 0.25°grid based on several biophysical parameters,notably fire weather and vegetation *** model explained over 80%of the variation in the burnt *** identified that burnt area dynamics in southeast Australian forest were primarily controlled by extreme fire weather,which mainly linked to fluctuations in the Southern Annular Mode(SAM)and Indian Ocean Dipole(IOD),with a relatively smaller contribution from the central Pacific El Niño Southern Oscillation(ENSO).Our fire diagnostic model and the non-linear relationships between burnt area and environmental covariates can provide useful guidance to decision-makers who manage preparations for an upcoming fire season,and model developers working on improved early warning systems for forest fires.

关键词： Remote sensing Forest fires climate drivers Burnt area modelling Machine learning Southeast Australia

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Sex steroids and glucose metabolism

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2014年第2期16卷 232-238,I0008页

作者： carolyn A allan Prince Henry's Institute Clayton Australia Monash Health Clayton Australia Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Monash University Clayton Australia Andrology Australia c/o School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine Monash University Prahran Australia

Testosterone levels are lower in men with metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes mellitus （T2DM） and also predict the onset of these adverse metabolic states. Body composition （body mass index, waist circumference） is an important mediator of this relationship. Sex hormone binding globulin is also inversely associated with insulin resistance and T2DM but the data regarding estrogen are inconsistent. clinical models of androgen deficiency including Klinefelter＇s syndrome and androgen deprivation therapy in the treatment of advanced prostate cancer confirm the association between androgens and glucose status. Experimental manipulation of the insulin/ glucose milieu and suppression of endogenous testicular function suggests the relationship between androgens and insulin sensitivity is bidirectional. Androgen therapy in men without diabetes is not able to differentiate the effect on insulin resistance from that on fat mass, in particular visceral adiposity. Similarly, several small clinical studies have examined the efficacy of exogenous testosterone in men with T2DM, however, the role of androgens, independent of body composition, in modifying insulin resistance is uncertain.

关键词： androgen glucose metabolism sex steroids testosterone

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Genomic analysis uncovers functional variation in the c-terminus of anthocyanin-activating MYB transcription factors

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Horticulture Research 2021年第1期8卷 885-898页

作者： Jessica A.Rodrigues Richard V.Espley Andrew c.allan The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited 120 Mount Albert RoadSandringhamAuckland 1025New Zealand School of Biological Sciences University of Auckland3A Symonds StAuckland 1010New Zealand

MYB transcription factors regulate diverse aspects of plant development and secondary metabolism,often by partnering in transcriptional regulatory ***,we harness genomic resources to identify novel MYBs,thereby producing an updated eudicot MYB phylogeny with revised relationships among subgroups as well as new information on sequence variation in the disordered c-terminus of anthocyanin-activating ***®and hidden Markov model scans of gene annotations identified a total of 714 MYB transcription factors across the genomes of four crops that span the eudicots:apple,grape,kiwifruit and *** model-based phylogenetic inference identified novel members of previously defined subgroups,and the function of specific anthocyanin-activating subgroup 6 members was assayed transiently in tobacco *** conservation within subgroup 6 highlighted one previously described and two novel short linear motifs in the disordered c-terminal *** novel motifs have a mix of hydrophobic and acidic residues and are predicted to be relatively ordered compared with flanking protein *** of motifs with the Eukaryotic Linear Motif database suggests roles in protein–protein *** of motifs and their flanking regions from strong anthocyanin activators into weak activators,and vice versa,affected *** conclude that,although the MYB c-terminal sequence diverges greatly even within MYB clades,variation within the c-terminus at and near relatively ordered regions offers opportunities for exploring MYB function and developing superior alleles for plant breeding.

关键词： phylogeny metabolism thereby

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A new vaccination strategy to trigger specific cD4 T-cell response in chronic viral infection

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cellular & Molecular Immunology 2018年第9期15卷 868-869页

作者： allan Randrup Thomsen Department of Immunology and Microbiology University of CopenhagenPanum InstituteCopenhagen DK-2200Denmark

Persistent viral infections such as HIV and hepatitis c virus pose a severe health risk to the human population,which so far cannot be addressed by efficient prophylactic *** treatment is expensive and often associated with significant adverse *** vaccination could therefore represent an important addition to current treatment ***,vaccination of chronically infected hosts has mostly fallen short of *** important reason for this is that during the development of a chronic infection,normal memory T cells do not develop.1 Instead,some specificities of virusspecific T cells are eliminated while others develop into a dysfunctional cell type termed exhausted cells.

关键词： vaccination infection treatment

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Foundations of education

Foundations of education

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作者： allan c. Ornstein ... [et al.]

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Adsorption of pharmaceuticals from aqueous solutions using biochar derived from cotton gin waste and guayule bagasse

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Biochar 2021年第1期3卷 89-104页

作者： Marlene c.Ndoun Herschel AElliott Heather EPreisendanz clinton FWilliams allan Knopf John EWatson Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering The Pennsylvania State University243 Agricultural Engineering BuildingUniversity ParkPA 16802USA USDA-ARS Arid Lands Agricultural Research center MaricopaAZ 85138USA Department of Ecosystem Science and Management The Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPA 16802USA

Biochars produced from cotton gin waste(cG)and guayule bagasse(GB)were characterized and explored as potential adsorbents for the removal of pharmaceuticals(sulfapyridine-SPY,docusate-DcT and erythromycin-ETM)from aqueous *** increase in biochar pyrolysis temperature from 350οc to 700℃ led to an increase in pH,specific surface area,and surface *** electronegative surface of all tested biochars indicated that non-coulombic mechanisms were involved in adsorption of the anionic or uncharged pharmaceuticals under experimental *** adsorption capacities of Sulfapyridine(SPY),Docusate(DcT)and Erythromycin(ETM)on biochar were influenced by the contact time and solution pH,as well as biochar specific surface area and functional *** of these pharmaceutical compounds was dominated by a complex interplay of three mechanisms:hydrophobic partitioning,hydrogen bonding andπ-πelectron donor-acceptor(EDA)*** weakerπ-πEDA interactions,reduced hydrophobicity of SPY−and increased electrostatic repulsion between anionic SPY−and the electronegative cG biochar surface at higher pH,the adsorption of SPY unexpectedly increased from 40% to 70% with an increase in pH from 7 to *** alkaline conditions,adsorption was dominated by the formation of strong negative charge-assisted H-bonding between the sulfonamide moiety of SPY and surface carboxylic *** seemed to be no appreciable and consistent differences in the extent of DcT and ETM adsorption as the pH *** suggest the cG and GB biochars could act as effective adsorbents for the removal of pharmaceuticals from reclaimed water prior to *** surface area biochars with physico-chemical properties(e.g.,presence of functional groups,high cation and anion exchange capacities)conducive to strong interactions with polar-nonpolar functionality of pharmaceuticals could be used to achieve significant contaminant removal from water.

关键词： adsorption Adsorption adsorbent

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Supplemental mineral ions for bone regeneration and osteoporosis treatment

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Engineered Regeneration 2023年第2期4卷 170-182页

作者： Yingchao Su Matthew cappock Stephanie Dobres allan J.Kucine Wayne c.Waltzer Donghui Zhu Department of Biomedical Engineering Stony Brook UniversityStony BrookNY 11794USA Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Stony Brook UniversityStony BrookNY 11794USA Department of Urology Stony Brook UniversityStony BrookNY 11794USA

Mineral ions play a crucial role in various biological processes in the human body,particularly in bone repair and *** with mineral ions offers several advantages over other therapies or treatments for bone repair and regeneration,such as higher biosafety,universal applicability,and compatibility with the immune ***,supplementation with mineral ions may avoid the need for invasive surgical *** aim of this review is to provide a comprehensive overview of the functions of potentially beneficial mineral ions and their effects on bone regeneration and osteoporosis *** examining previous studies,including in vitro cellular experiments,in vivo animal models,and clinical trials,this review compares the benefits and potential adverse effects of these mineral ***,the review provides guidelines for suggested daily supplementation of these mineral ions to assist future preclinical and clinical studies in bone regeneration and osteoporosis treatment.

关键词： Mineral elements Metallic ions Dietary supplementation Bone repair Bone regeneration Osteoporosis

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Strategies for fast breeding and improvement of Actinidia species

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Horticulture Research 2023年第3期10卷 266-270页

作者： Dinum Herath Tianchi Wang charlotte Voogd Yongyan Peng Mikaela Douglas Joanna Putterill Erika Varkonyi-Gasic Andrew c.allan The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited(Plant&Food Research)Mt Albert Private Bag 92169Auckland Mail CentreAuckland 1142New Zealand School of Biological Sciences University of AucklandPrivate Bag 92019AucklandNew Zealand

Perspective Ensuring food security for a rapidly growing world population will need new *** include speed breeding and new breeding technologies,which have been established for major staple *** of woody perennial fruit tree species has progressed at a much slower pace and has met many *** fruit production will face major challenges with climate change,such as the loss of winter chilling needed for f lowering,a potential decrease in pollinator availability,and increasing pest and disease *** chinensis(kiwifruit)is an important fresh fruit crop,with varieties only several generations removed from the wild accessions and carrying only a fraction of the available genetic diversity[1,2].Improvement of traits such as fruit quality and storage,and resistance to emergent diseases underpin the breeding efforts,which are hampered by a long generation time,large plant size,dependence on chilling for budbreak and f lowering,dioecy and different ploidy *** addition to kiwifruit,the genus Actinidia consists of more than 50 species with edible fruit,all showing tremendous potential as future fruit crops[3].Their fast domestication and improvement will enable production of high-quality healthy fruit,contributing to food security in the changing climate conditions.

关键词： breeding crops removed

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Real-world emission factors for caterpillar 797B heavy haulers during mining operations

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Particuology 2016年第5期14卷 22-30页

作者： Xiaoliang Wang Judith c. chow Steven D. Kohl Kevin E. Percy allan H. Legge John G. Watson Desert Research Institute 2215 Raggio Parkway Reno NV 895J2 USA Graduate Faculty University of Nevada Reno NV89503 USA The State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology Institute of Earth Environment Chinese Academy of Sciences Xi'an 710075 China Wood Buffalo Environmental Association 330 Thickwood Boulevard Fort McMurray AB Canada 7DK 1 Y1 Biosphere Solutions 1610 1 lth Avenue N.W. Calgary AB Canada T2N IG9

Real-world fuel-based emission factors （EFs） from caterpillar 797B diesel heavy haulers when used for oil sands mining operations were measured using an on-hoard portable emissions monitoring system. Average EFs （in g/kg fuel） for 16 separate tests on four trucks were 3150 ± 4 for cO2, 2.51 ± 1.30 for cH4, 10.28 ± 3.21 for cO, 0.61 ± 0.32 for non-methane hydrocarbons, 55.49 ± 9,75 for NOx （reported as NO2）, 0.70 ± 0.17 for PM2.s （mass of particles with aerodynamic diameter 〈2.5 μm）, and 0.34 ± 0.05 for black carbon （Bc）. Ultrafine particle numbers averaged （4.7 ± 4.1 ） × 10^15 particleslkg fuel. Fuel-based EFs of NO, NO2, and particle numbers were higher during idling, whereas PM2.5 and Bc EFs were higher during traveling without a load. A comparison of emissions with those reported by oil sands facilities showed large variations, both among the facilities and between the reported emissions and the real-world measurements.

关键词： Heavy hauler Emission Nonroad Portable emissions measurement system Mining Oil sands

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FORcED OScILLATION OF SEcOND ORDER DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS WITH MIXED NONLINEARITIES

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Acta Mathematica Scientia 2011年第2期31卷 613-626页

作者： Taher S. Hassan Lynn Erbe allan Peterson Department of Mathematics Faculty of Science Mansoura University Department of Mathematics University of Nebraska-Lincoln

This article is concerned with the oscillation of the forced second order differ- ential equation with mixed nonlinearities（a（t）（x＇（t））γ）＇＋po（t）xγ（go（t））＋n∑t=1pi（t）｜x（gi（t））｜αi sgn x（gi（t））=e（t）,where γ is a quotient of odd positive integers αi〉0,i=1,2 ……n,a,e,and pi ∈ c（[0,∞）R）,a（t）〉0,gi：R→R are positive continuous functions on R with lim gi （t）=∞,i=0,1,……,n. Our results generalize and improve the results in a recent article by Sun and Wong[29].

关键词： Oscillation functional differentail equations second order

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