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Demographic ageing,health status and life quality of the elderly in Russia

China Population and Development Studies 2023年第2期7卷 130-159页

作者： alla ivanova Elena Zemlyanova Tamara Sabgayda Victoria Semyonova Aleksandr Zubko Irina Kryukova Institute for Demographic Research of the Federal Center of Theoretical and Applied Sociology of the Russian Academy of Sciences(Health and Self-Preservation Behavior Department) st.Fotievad.6k.1119333 MoscowRussia Research Institute of Healthcare Organization and Medical Management of the Moscow Healthcare Department st.Sharikopodshipnikovskaya9115088 MoscowRussia

Within the context of the national policy on the elderly,the paper presents trends in demographic ageing,health and life quality of the elderly in *** and political consequences of the XX century have resulted in significant fluctuations in the number of individual generations,forming a long-term fluctuating trend in demographic ageing in *** historical disproportions have overlapped with regional variations in ageing rates due to significant inter-regional population movements,rural-urban migration,substantial gender differences in trends and scales of mortality and fertility *** a result,levels of demographic ageing in Russia vary more than three-fold,worsening in females and rural *** problems are aggravated by unsatisfactory health status of the elderly,manifested in high burden of chronic diseases(especially cardiovascular diseases),leading to life restrictions up to loss of the ability to ***-tech cardiac surgery contributes to life prolongation and improved physical and psychological ***,during rehabilitation,most patients are reluctant to change their unhealthy lifestyle associated with cardio *** and psychoactive substance abuse(in males)are the risk factors of suicidal behaviour,while accessibility of medications,including sleeping pills,firearms,*** to realization of this *** conditions of the elderly and their access to quality social services are important components of wellbeing in terms of *** satisfactory living conditions,the situation significantly differs by type(urban/rural)and size of the *** microsocial contacts with children,family and friends is a powerful source of psychological comfort and social wellbeing.

关键词： Population ageing National policy on the elderly Age structure Share of the elderly Physical wellbeing Psychological wellbeing Social wellbeing Polymorbidity Comorbidities

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International Comparison of Intercity Differences in Premature Deaths: Pyll-Rates in Canada, Finland and Russia 2010

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Health 2016年第9期8卷 818-826页

作者： Igor Krasilnikov Katerina Maximova Anna Korotkova Sylvie Stachenko Mikko Vienonen alla ivanova Veli Koistinen Ilkka Vohlonen Epidemiology Medical Informatics and Analyses Center Saint Petersburg Russia School of Public Health University of Alberta Edmonton Alberta Canada Russian Federal Institute of Public Health Moscow Russia Health Policy Finnish Consulting Group Helsinki Finland University of Eastern Finland and Finnish Consulting Group Kuopio Finland

Background: Potential years of life lost (PYLL) rate describes the number of years lost due to pre-ventable premature death in a population. This is equal to the loss of human capital. Cause-specific PYLL-rates provide information for public health policy. Methods: PYLL-rate is calculated as an absolute difference between the age at death and the assumed length of life. Causes of preventable deaths are defined and classified according to International Classification of Diseases version 10 (ICD-10) as determined by World Health Organization. PYLL rate is age-standardized and expressed per 100,000 persons. Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) standard of 70 years was applied as the expected length of life in Saint Petersburg (Russia), Edmonton (Canada), and Helsinki (Finland). Results: There were very big differences in PYLL rates of all causes of death between the countries compared. Total PYLL-rates were the lowest in Helsinki, slightly higher in Edmonton, and the highest in Saint Petersburg. The intercity differences in the total of PYLL-rates were considerably smaller among women than men. In each city, the three most prevalent causes of premature death were injuries, cancer and cardiovascular diseases. Magnitudes of these causes varied between the three cities. Conclusions: PYLL rate provides comparable and sensitive information about the health related well-being of a population concerning all preventable causes of death as well as cause-specific premature deaths. The study demonstrates that the reduction of cause-specific PYLL-rates is possible. It provides supplementary information for planning of health policies and evaluation of effectiveness of past interventions. Results demonstrate that these actions need to differ between countries and localities.

关键词： Premature Death Canada Finland Russia PYLL

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A detailed reconstruction of changes in the factors and parameters of soil erosion over the past 250 years in the forest zone of European Russia(Moscow region)

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International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2022年第1期10卷 149-160页

作者： Andrey Zhidkin Daria Fomicheva Nadezhda ivanova Tomas Dostal alla Yurova Mikhail Komissarov Josef Krasa V.V.dokuchaev soil science institute pyzhevskiy pereulok 7moscow119017russian federation Faculty of geography lomonosov moscow state universityleninskie gorygsp-1moscow119991russian federation Department of landscape water conservation faculty of civil engineeringczech technical university in praguethakurova 7prague16629czech republic Ufa institute of biology ufrc russian academy of sciencespr.oktyabrya 69ufa450054russian federation

Accelerated soil erosion is a major threat to soil,and there are great variations in the rate of soil erosion over time due to natural and human-induced *** temperate forest zone of Russia is character-ized by complex stages of land-use history(*** urbanization,agricultural development,land abandonment,etc.).We have for the first time estimated the rates of soil erosion by the WaTEM/SEDEM model(rainfall erosion)and by a regional model(snowmelt erosion)over the past 250 years(from 1780 to 2019)for a 100-km2 study site in the Moscow region of *** calculations were made on the basis of a detailed historical reconstruction of the following factors:the location of the arable land,crop rotation,the rain erosivity factor,and the maximum snow water *** area of arable land has decreased more than 3.5-fold over the past 250 *** the end of the 20th century,the rates of gross erosion had declined more than 5.5-fold(from 28×10^(3) to 5×10^(3) t·ha^(-1)yr^(-1))in comparison with the end of the 18th *** in the boundaries of arable land and also the relief features had led to a significant intra-slope accumulation of *** a result of sediment redeposition within the arable land,the variation in net soil erosion was significantly lower than the variation in gross soil *** changes in arable land area and in crop composition are the factors that have to the greatest extent determined the changes in soil erosion in this territory.

关键词： Anthropogenic soil erosion Soil erosion history Crop rotation Magnetic tracer method WaTEM/SEDEM

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