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作者： aljawzi，alhasan ahmed saleh hussein 扬州大学

学位级别：硕士

一、概述也门共和国位于干旱和半干旱地区,这从降雨量的缺乏及其数量和分布的不规则性中可以明显看出。它被认为是遭受水资源短缺的十个国家之一,同时,由于缺乏未来的战略计划,该国是中东水资源最枯竭的国家之一。也门存在的不合理使用... 详细信息

一、概述也门共和国位于干旱和半干旱地区,这从降雨量的缺乏及其数量和分布的不规则性中可以明显看出。它被认为是遭受水资源短缺的十个国家之一,同时,由于缺乏未来的战略计划,该国是中东水资源最枯竭的国家之一。也门存在的不合理使用可用水资源的问题已导致地下水迅速枯竭。农业生产消耗了可用水资源总量的约93%,没有哪个国家的地下含水层枯竭速度像也门一样快。由于该国的政治冲突,数百万也门人无法获得清洁的饮用水,大多数农民失去了农业活动。相关报告显示,超过45%的公共结构处于倒塌状态缺乏满足其需求的资源。城市地区依靠地下水来满足用水需求,而农村地区则依靠水井和小型水坝和池塘等传统的集水方法。早期的研究表明也门可再生地下水15亿m3（1.5 Bm3）,地表水10亿m3（1.0 Bm3）,需水量34亿m3（3.4 Bm3）。相比之下,可再生水量为2.5 Bm3,这意味着有0.9 Bm3的赤字需要通过地下水来补偿。最近,由于当前的需水量达到3.9 Bm3（2020年）,这一缺口已增加到约1.4 Bm3,到2025年将增加到4.4 Bm3。早期的研究表明,也门的可再生水资源从1980年到1997年分别从246m3/人/年减少到130m3/人/年。2018年可再生水资源为73.69 m3/人/年。另一方面,也门水与环境部表明,2019年可再生水资源为85 m3/人/年;到2025年和2026年,这将达到66 m3/人/年。没有准确的统计数据表达人均年用水量,但大约在70-85m3/人/年的范围内。这一下降幅度相当大,表明也门的人均用水量与其他国家相比不超过10%。在中东和北非,可再生水资源平均约为1050-1500 m3/人/年,全球达到7500-8300 m3/人/年。有时水是由妇女从远方带来的,这可能使她们在社会多元化的社会中处于危险之中。萨那（Sana’a）地区是本研究的研究区域,被认为是也门最缺水的地区之一。它受到对国家产生负面或正面影响的因素的影响。因此,鉴于目前的水资源状况,研究人员预计未来几年会发生干旱。随着人口的增加和地下水补给方案的缺乏,自2000年开挖深度达到100多m以来,地下水位持续下降,而2020年,研究区域内部分地区深度达到1000多m。萨那地区的水供应量取决于家庭住地位置和收入比例。最近人口的快速增长增加了农业部门的用水量（尤其是Qat植物种植）,而降雨不足导致地下水的过度使用。由于该地区的气候,研究区域的农作物受到限制,温度在影响作物寿命加快速度方面起着重要作用,也影响作物产量。萨那盆地抽取的地下水量约为补给量的400%,因此研究区大部分地下水井因地下水位下降而干涸,估计每年下降6-8m。缺水人口的增加对国家的经济、社会和政治构成了重大挑战,并威胁到环境的稳定。尽管萨那地区缺水,但也存在雨水排放问题,尤其是在首都。由于人口拥挤和城市扩张,附近的山谷降雨径流流入萨那市中心（阿尔赛拉河道）。此外,萨那地区的内部移民在也门城市中排名第一,城市人口占萨那市总人口的比例已达到7.52%。也门的水危机,特别是在萨那地区,是一个随着时间的推移变得越来越严重的重大问题。政府没有令人满意的解决方案,尤其是该国目前发生的政治冲突事件,这些问题需要对水资源进行最新的综合评估研究。研究区的水资源状况非常危急,必须优先考虑能缓解危机并在未来追求水可持续发展的研究和计划。因此,本研究旨在评估萨那地区的水资源,包括地表水和地下水,以及它们的数量和分布、供水和各种用水需求。本研究的重要性在于作为一项重要的综合研究,它将评估和突出该地区水资源的现状,鼓励决策者实现该地区的可持续发展目标。在此基础上,可以通过一项计划,在萨那地区,尤其是整个也门,实现第六个可持续发展目标,以便到2030年,政府寻求实现人人平等获得安全和负担得起的饮用水目标,并实现其它目标,例如提高所有部门的用水效率,实施各级水资源综合管理,以及与世界各国类似的其他目标。通过这项研究,将了解研究区的水状况,并与以前的情况进行比较,了解政府制定的计划和方案的受益程度、有效性以及阻碍其实施的原因。本研究的具体目标是:该研究的目的是评估萨那的水资源。为实现该研究目标,设定了以下研究内容:○ 了解研究区域当前的水资源状况并确定最紧迫的水资源问题。○ 尽可能充分地利用水资源的措施。○ 了解缺水对人口的影响。○ 提出解决水相关问题的解决方案和建议。二、研究技术方法1)研究区特征萨那地区位于也门中北部,海拔2300米,纬度14° 450～16° 50,经度43°300～45° 50。它由两个主要地区组成,即萨那省和萨那市,萨那省从四面包围着萨那市。萨那市也被称为Amanat Alasimah,是也门的政治和历史首都,全区总面积12259 km2,其中萨那省11869 km2,萨那市390 km2。根据联合国

关键词：萨那地区降雨雨量站地表水地下水水危机 (污水)处理厂 Arc Hydro程序

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Effect of energy content of the nitraminic plastic bonded explosives on their performance and sensitivity characteristics

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2019年第4期15卷 488-494页

作者： Svatopluk Zeman ahmed K. hussein Marcela Jungova ahmed Elbeih Institute of Enegetic Materials Faculty of Chemical Technology University of Pardubice CZ-532 10 Pardubice Czechia Military Technical College Kobry Elkobbah Cairo Egypt

Information about the forty nine nitraminic plastic bonded explosives(PBXs)and different nitramines were *** of these PBXs are nitramines 1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazinane(RDX)and β-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5-tetrazocane(β-HMX),cis-1,3,4,6-tetranitro-octahydroimidazo-[4,5-d]imidazole(bicyclo-HMX,BCHMX)and e-2,4,6,8,10,12-hexanitro-2,4,6,8,10,12-hexaazaisowurtzitane(e-HNIW,CL-20)which are bonded by polyfluoro-elastomers,polydimethyl-siloxane,poly-glycidyl azide,polyisobutylene,polystyrene-butadiene,poly-acrylonitrile-butadiene and hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene in addition to a melt cast compositions based on 2,4,*** thirty two of these PBXs the relationships are specified and analyzed between heats of their combustion and relative explosive strengths;by means of these relationships it might be possible to estimate,which groupings in the macromolecule of binder could be liable to their primary fission in the PBXs ***,for forty two of these explosives,the relationships are described and analyzed between their enthalpies of formation and impact sensitivities;here is especially attention paid to PBXs filled by *** rate constants from Vacuum Stability Test(VST)of four nitramines and twenty PBXs are introduced into relationships with their enthalpies of *** to all the mentioned cases,increasing of energy content of the studied explosives leads to increase of the relative explosive strength or initiation reactivity,*** with the opposite trend,the outputs of VST are for BCHMX,where in PBXs are matrices with the esteric plasticizers or the energetic poly-glycidyl *** of RDX or HMX,respectively,into the BCHX PBXs gives ternary PBXs whose thermal stability,in the sense of applied VST,is higher comparing to the original binary explosives.

关键词： Enthalpy Explosive strength Combustion Nitramines PBX Thermal stability

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Robust Multi-Output Machine Learning Regression for Seismic Hazard Model Using Peak Crust Acceleration Case Study,Turkey,Iraq and Iran

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Journal of Earth Science 2023年第5期34卷 1447-1464页

作者： Shaheen Mohammed saleh ahmed Hakan Guneyli Department of Geology College of ScienceKirkuk UniversityKirkuk 36001Iraq Department of Geology Faculty EngineeringCukurova UniversityBalcali-Adana 01330Turkey

This paper for the first time improved a Robust Multi-Output machine learning regression model for seismic hazard zoning of Turkey, Iraq and Iran using constructed 3-D shear-wave velocity(Vs), seismic tomography dataset model for the crust and uppermost mantle beneath the study area. The focus of this paper’s opportunity is to develop a scientific framework leveraging machine learning that will ultimately provide the rapid and more complete characterization of earthquake properties. This work can be targeted at improving the seismic hazard zones system ability to detect and associate seismic signals, or at estimating other seismic characteristics(crust acceleration and crust energy) while traditionally, methods cannot monitor the earthquakes system. This work has derived some physical equations for extraction of many variables as inputs for our developed machine learning model based on a reliable understanding of the tomography data to physical variables by preparing huge dataset from different physical conditions of crust. We have extracted the velocity values of the shear waves from the original NETCDF file, which contains the S velocity values for every one km of the depths of the crust for the study area from one km down to the uppermost mantle beneath the Middle East. For the first time, this study calculated new seismic hazard parameter called Peak Crust Acceleration(PCA) for seismic hazard analysis by considering the transmitted initial seismic energy through the Earthy wrote in python language ’s crust layers from hypocenter. All machine learning algorithms in this studusing anaconda platform the open-source Individual Edition(Distribution).

关键词： robust multi-output regressor tomography peak crust acceleration NETCDF machine learning hazards

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Fast adaptive regression-based model predictive control

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Control Theory and Technology 2023年第4期21卷 555-570页

作者： Eslam Mostafa hussein A.Aly ahmed Elliethy Electrical and Computer Engineering Military Technical CollegeCairo14627Egypt

Model predictive control(MPC)is an optimal control method that predicts the future states of the system being controlled and estimates the optimal control inputs that drive the predicted states to the required *** computations of the MPC are performed at pre-determined sample instances over a finite time *** number of sample instances and the horizon length determine the performance of the MPC and its computational cost.A long horizon with a large sample count allows the MPC to better estimate the inputs when the states have rapid changes over time,which results in better performance but at the expense of high computational ***,this long horizon is not always necessary,especially for slowly-varying *** this case,a short horizon with less sample count is preferable as the same MPC performance can be obtained but at a fraction of the computational *** this paper,we propose an adaptive regression-based MPC that predicts the best minimum horizon length and the sample count from several features extracted from the time-varying changes of the *** proposed technique builds a synthetic dataset using the system model and utilizes the dataset to train a support vector regressor that performs the *** proposed technique is experimentally compared with several state-of-the-art techniques on both linear and non-linear *** proposed technique shows a superior reduction in computational time with a reduction of about 35–65%compared with the other techniques without introducing a noticeable loss in performance.

关键词： Regression analysis MPC Control Parametrization Wavelet Support vector regression(SVR) Optimization

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An energetic nano-fiber composite based on polystyrene and 1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazinane fabricated via electrospinning technique

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2023年第9期27卷 1-8页

作者： Mahmoud Abdelhafiz ahmed K.hussein Waleed F.Khalil ahmed Elbeih Military TechnicalCollege(MTC) KobryElkobbahCairoEgypt Safety FuelCycleDepartment NRSRCEgyptianAtomicEnergyAuthority(EAEA)CairoEgypt

Electrospinning is a simple technique used to fabricate polymeric nano-fibrous *** nano-fibers have found a wide range of valuable applications in the biomedical ***,it has not been utilized with solid high explosives ***,the electrospinning technique has been used to fabricate polystyrene(PS)/1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazinane(RDX)composite *** governed electrospinning parameters,voltage,distance from the collector,flow rate,mandrel rotating speed,time,and solution concentration,that greatly affect the morphology of the obtained nanofibers were *** fabricated PS/RDX nano-fibers were characterized using scanning electron microscopy(SEM),X-ray diffractometer(XRD),and Fourier Transform Infrared(FTIR)*** impact and friction sensitivities of PS/RDX were also *** thermal behavior of the prepared composite and the pure materials were studied by the thermal gravimetric analysis technique(TGA).SEM results proved the fabrication of PS/RDX fibers in the nano-size via *** spectroscopy confirmed the existence of the characteristic functional groups of both PS and RDX in the composite *** sharp peaks showed the conversion of amorphous PS into crystalline shape via electrospinning and also confirmed the formation of PS/RDX *** PS fibers absorbed the heat and increased the onset decomposition of the pure RDX from 181.5 to 200.7℃in the case of PS/RDX ***,PS/RDX nano-fibers showed the relatively low impact and friction sensitivities of 100 J and 360 N *** results could introduce PS/RDX nanofibrous composite in the field of explosives detection with high levels of safety.

关键词： Electrospinning Nano-fibers 1,3,5-Trinitro-1,3,5-triazinane(RDX) Polystyrene(PS) Sensitivity

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The role of crystal lattice free volume in nitramine detonation

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2019年第4期15卷 519-525页

作者： Svatopluk Zeman Ning Liu ahmed K. hussein Institute of Energetic Materials Faculty of Chemical Technology University of Pardubice CZ-532 10 Pardubice Czech Republic Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute Xi'an Shaanxi 710065 China Military Technical College Kobry Elkobbah Cairo Egypt

Crystal lattice free volumes,△V,of 22 nitramines introduced into relationships of maximal theoretical crystal densities(TMD),detonation velocities(D)and volume heats of explosives(ρ.Q).Values of all these characteristics increase with an increase in the AV ***,more realistic dependencies for the TMD and D values are obtained by using correlations with ratio of the intrinsic molecular volume,Vint,to△V(***/△V),whereby the dependence on the D values reflects their similar relationship to a sum of the positive(VS,max)and negative(VS,min)extremes of the molecular surface electrostatic potentials(VS,∑).Also,directly proportional linear relationships are specified between the VS,∑ values on the one hand,and the △V and Vint/△V values,on the *** is stated that the crystal lattice free volumes might have a similar role in detonation of nitramines as the intermolecular force effect in their molecular crystals(they are as if representative of such forces).

关键词： Crystal lattice Detonation Initiation reactivity Nitramines

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Crystal lattice free volume and thermal decomposition of nitramines

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2019年第1期15卷 51-57页

作者： Svatopluk Zeman Ning Liu ahmed K.hussein Institute of Energetic Materials Faculty of Chemical TechnologyUniversity of Pardubice Xi’an Modern Chemistry Research Institute

The linear, directly proportional, equations between the Arrhenius parameters(E_α, and log A) of the thermal decomposition and the crystal lattice free space per molecule, △V, of 22 nitramines are described. It is shown that, because of a significant limitation by the molecular structural characteristics of such compounds, they are divided into a number of partial relationships. These partial relationships divide the nitramines into a group of substances relating to dimethyl nitramine and a sub-group related to e-HNIW. These directly proportional equations mean that an increase in the △Vvalues is related to an increase in the thermal stability of the corresponding nitramines. A comparison with similar published dependencies for the impact and friction sensitivities, on the one hand, and with the relationship between the E_a values and the sum of the negative and positive extremes of molecular surface electrostatic potentials, on the other, confirms the well-known fact that intermolecular interaction in the nitramines studied plays a decisive role in the thermal reactivity of such compounds. The crystal lattice free space manifests itself here perhaps only in the solid state thermal decomposition of RDX, HMX and DINGU. This study again confirms a level of disorder in the distribution of the forces in the crystal lattice of the"common" quality of e-HNIW,compared with its "reduced sensitivity(RS)" or pure analogues.

关键词： Crystal lattice Thermal decomposition Initiation reactivity Nitramines

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Blockchain for secure and decentralized artificial intelligence in cybersecurity: A comprehensive review

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Blockchain(Research and Applications) 2024年第3期5卷 184-208页

作者： ahmed M.Shamsan saleh Department of Information Technology University of TabukTabuk47512Saudi Arabia

As the use of artificial intelligence (AI) grows within the field of cybersecurity, so does the demand for secure and decentralized AI systems to protect against potential cyber threats. Blockchain technology has emerged as the ideal approach for increasing both the security and privacy of AI systems since it provides decentralized and immutable data storage. This systematic literature review focuses on the integration of blockchain technology with decentralized AI within cybersecurity. It provides a comprehensive taxonomy of blockchain technology and decentralized AI for cybersecurity, serving as the starting point for the study. This paper begins with an overview of blockchain technology and its possible uses in cybersecurity and also analyzes its challenges and opportunities. Decentralized AI is also covered in the study, along with its potential advantages and difficulties in decentralized AI cybersecurity. Building on that foundation, this study provides convincing findings highlighting the beneficial relationships between blockchain technology and decentralized AI for cybersecurity, contributing to a nuanced comprehension of their integration. Moreover, it offers real-world uses of blockchain-enabled, decentralized AI to discuss its usefulness in tackling cybersecurity concerns. Finally, this paper discusses future research directions for blockchain-enabled decentralized AI in cybersecurity, including potential applications and implications of this technology in the field, emphasizing the potential of blockchain-enabled decentralized AI in cybersecurity to enhance security, privacy, and trust in AI systems.

关键词： Blockchain Artificial intelligence Decentralized Cybersecurity

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Clinical correlates of common corneal neovascular diseases: a literature review

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2015年第1期8卷 182-193页

作者： Nizar saleh Abdelfattah Mohamed Amgad Amira A Zayed Hamdy Salem ahmed E Elkhanany Heba hussein Nawal Abd El-Baky Doheny Image Reading Center Doheny Eye InstituteUniversity of California Faculty of Medicine Cairo University Department of Surgery Mayo Clinic Faculty of Medicine University of Alexandria Department of Medical Oncology Mayo Clinic Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine Cairo University Antibody Laboratory Protein Research DepartmentGenetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research InstituteCity for Scientific Research and Technology Applications

A large subset of corneal pathologies involves the formation of new vessels(neovascularization), leading to compromised visual acuity. This article aims to review the clinical causes and presentations of corneal neovascularization(CNV) by examining the mechanisms behind common CNV-related corneal pathologies, with a particular focus on herpes simplex stromal keratitis,contact lenses-induced keratitis and CNV secondary to keratoplasty. Moreover, we reviewed CNV in the context of different types of corneal transplantation and keratoprosthesis, and summarized the most relevant treatment available so far.

关键词： cornea neovascularization herpes simplex keratitis keratoplasty contact lens keratoprosthesis

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Design, Sonosynthesis, Quantum-Chemical Calculations, and Evaluation of New Mono-and Bis-pyridine Dicarbonitriles as Antiproliferative Agents

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Chinese Journal of Chemistry 2020年第5期38卷 501-508页

作者： Wael Abdelgayd ahmed Arafa Modather F.hussein Chemistry Department College of ScienceJouf UniversityP.O.Box 2014SakakaAljoufKingdom of Saudi Arabia Chemistry Department Faculty of ScienceFayoum UniversityP.O.Box 63514Fayoum CityEgypt Chemistry Department Faculty of ScienceAl-Azhar UniversityAsyut branchEgypt

A highly efficient,simple,and clean single-step sonosynthetic procedure has been sophisticated for assembling new series of mono-and bis-pyridine dicarbonitriles from ketones,HCl,and *** presented protocol is applicable for the preparation of a broad range of uniquely substituted pyridine dicarbonitriles and seems to be superior in comparison with other previously reported *** antiproliferative impact of the newly synthesized derivatives was screened towards three representative cancer cell lines(MCF-7,A549,and HCT116).Most of the evaluated derivatives showed a moderate to excellent anti-proliferative activity towards the selected cell *** these,compounds 4h,4k,10,12a,and 12b showed both potent anticancer activity(ICs058μM)on non-tumorigenic cells(MCF-10A and NCM460),suggesting their promising potential to be lead molecules for future antitumor drug *** structure-activity relationships have been also ***,quantum chemical studies based on Density Functional Theory(DFT)of the synthesized compounds were investigated and found to be consistent with the in vitro inhibitory activities.

关键词： pyridine nitrile synthesis

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