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Enhanced recovery after surgery:Current research insights and future direction

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery 2017年第2期9卷 37-45页

作者： aliza Abeles Richard Mark Kwasnicki Ara Darzi Department of Surgery and Cancer St Mary’s HospitalImperial College LondonLondon W2 1NYUnited Kingdom

Since the concept of enhanced recovery after surgery(ERAS)was introduced in the late 1990 s the idea of implementing specific interventions throughout the perioperative period to improve patient recovery has been proven to be beneficial. Minimally invasive surgery is an integral component to ERAS and has dramatically improved post-operative outcomes. ERAS can be applicable to all surgical specialties with the core generic principles used together with added specialty specific interventions to allow for a comprehensive protocol,leading to improved clinical outcomes. Diffusion of ERAS into mainstream practice has been hindered due to minimal evidence to support individual facets and lack of method for monitoring and encouraging compliance. No single outcome measure fully captures recovery after surgery,rather multiple measures are necessary at each stage. More recently the pre-operative period has been the target of a number of strategies to improve clinical outcomes,described as prehabilitation. Innovation of technology in the surgical setting is also providing opportunities to overcome the challenges within ERAS,e.g.,the use of wearable activity monitors to record information and provide feedback and motivation to patients peri-operatively. Both modernising ERAS and providing evidence for key strategies across specialties will ultimately lead to better,more reliable patient outcomes.

关键词： Enhanced recovery after surgery Laparoscopic surgery Prehabilitation Outcome measures Technology

Tameness does not correlate with the learning of an appetitive association in a wild canid

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Current Zoology 2019年第1期65卷 61-65页

作者： Matthew B. Petelle Stephanie Periquet aliza le Roux Department of Zoology and Entomology University of Free State Qwaqwa Campus Private Bag X13 Phuthaditjhaba Free State 9866 South Africa

Individual differe nces in cog nition have been shown to be common in some animal taxa, and recent evidenee suggests that an individual's personality can be associated with an individuads cognitive strategy. We tested whether wild bat-eared foxes Otocyon megalotis differ in a risktaking behavior (tameness) and whether this trait correlated with appetitive association learning performanee. While our result shows that individuals differed in their tameness, we found no associati on between this personality trait and learning the appetitive association. This result does not support the framework that differe nces in cog nition are associated with differe nces in personality;however, our small sample size does not allow us to assert that pers on ality can not be associated with cog nition in this system. This study highlights that measuri ng cog nition and pers on ality in wild systems presents added difficulty and that correlations found in captive animals may not be evident in their wild counterparts.

关键词： carnivore cognition bat-eared fox personality Individuals

Testosterone deficiency and cardiovascular mortality

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2015年第1期17卷 26-31,I0007页

作者： abraham Morgentaler Men's Health Boston Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA.

New concerns have been raised regarding cardiovascular （CV） risks with testosterone （T） therapy （TTh）. These concerns are based primarily on two widely reported retrospective studies. However, methodological flaws and data errors invalidate both studies as credible evidence of risk. One showed reduced adverse events by half in T-treated men but reversed this result using an unproven statistical approach. The authors subsequently acknowledged serious data errors including nearly 10% contamination of the dataset by women. The second study mistakenly used the rate of T prescriptions written by healthcare providers to men with recent myocardial infarction （MI） as a proxy for the naturally occurring rate of Mh Numerous studies suggest T is beneficial, including decreased mortality in association with TTh, reduced MI rate with TTh in men with the greatest MI risk prognosis, and reduced CV and overall mortality with higher serum levels of endogenous T. Randomized controlled trials have demonstrated benefits of TTh in men with coronary artery disease and congestive heart failure. Improvement in CV risk factors such as fat mass and glycemic control have been repeatedly demonstrated in T-deficient men treated with T. The current evidence does not support the belief that TTh is associated with increased CV risk or CV mortality. On the contrary, a wealth of evidence accumulated over several decades suggests that low serum T levels are associated with increased risk and that higher endogenous T, as well as TTh itself, appear to be beneficial for CV mortality and risk.

关键词： cardiovascular mortality myocardial infarction risk stroke testosterone

A numerical study of the impacts of sediment composition on debris flows

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Journal of Hydrodynamics 2022年第4期34卷 620-633页

作者： Abiola abraham Adebiyi Peng Hu Institute of Port Coastaland Ofshore EngineeringOcean CollegeZhejiang UniversityZhoushan 316021China

Debris flows in their natural environments are made up of different sediment sizes,even though they are often considered to be uniform in numerical *** prompted the present study to investigate the behaviors of debris flows with nonuniform sediment composition.A model is developed to investigate nonuniform debris flows and the characteristic behavior of their *** model’s framework of mass and momentum equations and mass exchange with the bed are solved using the shock-capturing finite volume *** model is first tested with a uniform sediment laboratory experiment,where there is a good *** model is then tested against two flume experiments with different bed water content and *** model performed well in both cases,however,the slight underprediction in the second case can be associated with the complexity of debris flows which may not be fully captured by physical *** model is further used to investigate different compositions of debris flows including mixed grain sizes,mean size,fine and coarse sediment size,and no erosion/*** modeling of the mixed grain sizes produced a more accurate result,and this justifies the consideration of nonuniform sediment sizes in the numerical studies of debris *** enhance the understanding of frontal coarsening and rear fining in experimental debris flow,the model is also used to investigate cases with different sediment compositions,and the model was able to reproduce the frontal coarsening and rear fining observed in experiments.

关键词： Debris flows numerical modeling finite volume method(FVM) sediment composition erosion debris coarsening

Numerical Investigation of Effect of Porosity and Fuel Inlet Velocity on Diffusion Filtration Combustion

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Journal of Thermal Science 2021年第4期30卷 1278-1288页

作者： TAROKH Ali LAVRENTEV Artem MANSOURI abraham Department of Mechanical Engineering Lakehead UniversityThunder BayP7B5E1Canada Department of Mechanical Engineering Higher College of TechnologyDBMDubai 15825UAE

Methane-air diffusion filtration combustion in a radiative round-jet burner was numerically investigated in this *** purpose of this study was focused on the effects of porous media porosity and gas velocity on temperature distribution and CO and NO_(x)*** chemical kinetics was used where air and methane were assumed to be at their stoichiometric ratio,while thermo-physical properties were varied per the solid matrix porosity *** characteristics were evaluated based on conduction and radiation as the two primary heat transfer modes within the solid *** simulations were carried out based on a packed bed with 3 mm alumina *** show that combustion temperature increases while the temperature gradient decreases with the increase in porosity,yielding higher NO_(x),and lower CO ***,the combustion temperature is the lowest and most uniformly distributed with 1 m/s and 3 m/s gas velocities,wherewith 3 m/s gas velocity,combustion occurs outside of the porous *** corresponding NO_(x)and CO emissions are the lowest with 1 m/s gas velocity and increase with the increase in gas velocity from 1 m/s to 10m/s.

关键词： non-premixed diffusion filtration combustion methane-air combustion porous media numerical simulation

Physiological adaptations of small mammals to desert ecosystems

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Integrative Zoology 2009年第4期4卷 357-366页

作者： Hagit SCHWIMMER abraham HAIM Department of Biology The University of HaifaHaifaIsrael

Adaptations of animals to the xeric environment have been studied in various taxonomic groups and across several *** the impressive data that have been accumulated,the focus in most of these studies is mainly on the significance of one variable at a ***,we attempt to integrate between responses of several physiological systems,challenged by increasing diet and water salinity and extreme temperatures,acquired in different studies of thermo and osmo-regulatory adaptations,of small rodents,to the xeric *** have shown differen-tial thermoregulatory responses to increased dietary salinity,which were attributed to habitat and habits of the relevant *** the thermoregulatory studies,a potential adaptive significance of low metabolic rate was *** an evolutionary point of view,the most important adaptation is in the timing of reproduction,as it enables the transfer of genetic properties to the next generation in an unpredictable ecosystem,where repro-duction might not occur every *** in this aspect show that increased dietary salinity,through an increase in vasopressin plasma levels,plays an important role as a regulator of the reproductive *** assume that the amount of food existing in the habitat and the amount of reserves in the animal in the form of white adipose tissue are important for *** affects all studied physiological responses,emphasizing the impor-tance of pre-acclimation to seasonal *** summarize the existing data and suggest neuro-endocrine pathways,which have a central role in these adaptations by affecting thermoregulation,osmoregulation and repro-duction to create the optimal response to xeric *** hypotheses can be used as the basis for future studies.

关键词： adaptation osmoregulation thermoregulation vasopressin xeric environment.

Riding the rails-different modes for RNA complex transport in axons

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Neural Regeneration Research 2022年第12期17卷 2664-2665页

作者： Ofri abraham Mike Fainzilber Departments of Biomolecular Sciences and Molecular Neuroscience Weizmann Institute of ScienceRehovotIsrael

Neurons are highly polarized cells with axons that innervate distant *** distance of subcellular compartments from the nucleus requires sophisticated transport mechanisms and local action of vital processes for proper function and rapid responses to local stimuli(Terenzio et al.,2017).This is partially achieved by transport of mRNAs to subcellular locations and regulation of local translation for axonal growth,branching,synaptic plasticity,and regeneration,among other *** synthesized proteins support neuronal survival,and axonal development,maintenance,and growth(Rishal and Fainzilber,2014;Dalla Costa et al.,2021).Thus,understanding the mechanisms that promote RNA transport to subcellular locations in neurons will contribute to the development of novel strategies to enhance axon regeneration and survival.

关键词： branching polarized plasticity

Bright artificial light at night is associated with increased body mass,poor reproductive success and compromised disease tolerance in Australian budgerigars(Melopsittacus undulatus)

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Integrative Zoology 2019年第6期14卷 589-603页

作者： Itay MALEK abraham HAIM Department of Evolutionary and Environmental Biology University of HaifaMount CarmelHaifaIsrael The Israeli Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Chronobiology University of HaifaHaifaIsrael

Artificial light at night(ALAN)can cause circadian disruption and result in adverse behavioral and ecological effects in free-living birds,but studies on captive pet birds as companion animals have been *** studied the effects of exposure to bright ALAN on body mass,melatonin sulfate levels,reproduction and disease severity in Australian budgerigars(Melopsittacus undulatus)kept in *** the experiment,birds were kept under outdoor temperature,humidity and natural photoperiod from September to December.A total of 48 birds were equally split into 4 groups(6 mating pairs each)and concurrently exposed to ALAN of 200 lux with different duration(0,30,60 and 90 min).Monthly observations were recorded for all dependent parame*** exposure increased mass gain and suppressed melatonin levels in a dose-dependent manner,especially during *** addition,ALAN exposure in all duration groups decreased egg production and reduced hatchability from 61%±14%in the ALAN-unexposed control group to 0%in the ALAN-exposed *** severity was also found to increase in line with the duration of ALAN *** captive ***latus,ALAN exposure was demonstrated to affect photoperiodic regulation with subsequent excess mass gain and reproduction impairment,and increased susceptibility to infections plausibly through duration dose-dependent suppression of *** the best of our knowledge,this is the first study to demonstrate a possible association between acute bright ALAN of increasing duration and both natural development of infections as well as reproductive cessation in captive *** findings could be used to improve breeding conditions of captive birds.

关键词： avian model circadian disruption disease susceptibility light pollution stress responses

Suggesting the use of integrated methods for vole population management in alfalfa fields

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Integrative Zoology 2007年第3期2卷 184-190页

作者： abraham HAIM Uri SHANAS Ora BRANDES abraham GILBOA Department of Biology University of Haifa–OranimKiryat TivonIsrael Eden Experimental Farm Emeq Beit SheaanIsrael

Human-made agro-ecosystems lack negative feedback controls, which may result in rodent population explosions,causing considerable economic loss and thus increasing human–wildlife conflicts. The traditional solution is theextensive use of rodenticides, which have a negative impact on the environment. In Beit-Sheaan Valley, Israel,which is located on a major route for migrating birds, poisoning of voles may result in the death of birds that preyon the dead voles (e.g. storks and herons). In the present essay we discuss some integrated methods, based on theimplementation of ecological principles in agro-ecosystems, that could be used to decrease the use of *** first method is light interference during winter (long scotophase), which can result in the death of the socialvole Microtus socialis kept in enclosures under natural conditions. Under laboratory conditions such interferencecauses a decrease in thermoregulatory ability in the cold. As light interference is a source of pollution, only activevole burrows should be illuminated. The second method involves using the mobile irrigation pipelines to flood thevole burrows and force them to escape into the open, where diurnal birds such as storks and herons will prey onthem. The third method involves the use of nesting boxes for barn owls and stands for diurnal raptors, both ofwhich prey on voles. The great advantage of using an integrated approach is that voles cannot become adapted toany one of the methods. Such integrated methods, together with appropriate treatment of alfalfa fields by farmers,can provide an efficient and sustainable pest control approach.

关键词： alfalfa ecologically based pest management light interference seasonality social vole