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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第9期19卷 1861-1862页

作者： Robert Galinsky Laura Bennet alistair j.Gunn The Ritchie Centre Hudson Institute of Medical ResearchMelbourneVICAustralia Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Monash UniversityMelbourneVICAustralia Department of Physiology The University of AucklandAucklandNew Zealand

Mitigating preterm encephalopathy continues to be one of the greatest challenges in perinatal *** encephalopathy is associated with high mortality,serious morbidity,and significant socio-economic impacts on the individuals,their families,and public health sectors and welfare systems that last a *** cost of disability associated with preterm brain injury continues to *** of this injury,and disability,would significantly reduce this socioeconomic burden.

关键词： encephalopathy mortality hypoxic

Quality of life assessment in patients with chronic pancreatitis receiving antioxidant therapy

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World journal of Gastroenterology 2010年第32期16卷 4066-4071页

作者： Nehal S Shah alistair j.makin Aali j Sheen Ajith K Siriwardena Hepatobiliary Surgery Unit Manchester Royal InfirmaryManchester M13 9WLUnited Kingdom Department of Gastroenterology Manchester Royal InfirmaryManchester M13 9WLUnited Kingdom

AIM:To undertake a baseline study comparing quality of life(QoL) in patients with chronic pancreatitis(CP) on Antox to those with CP,matched for disease duration,who were not on this ***:CP was defined according to the Zurich *** eight consecutive patients with CP who were taking Antox(antioxidants) were compared with 69 consecutive control CP patients not on *** Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire Core questions 30 and Pancreatic Modification(28 questions) were used to assess *** of a total of 137 patients 28 in each group were matched for disease duration(within 12 mo).Median disease duration was 8(1-22) years in the Antox group and 7(1-23) years in the Non-Antox cohort(P = NS,Mann-Whitney U-test).Other parameters(age,gender,etiology,endocrine and exocrine insufficiency) were similar between ***:Median visual analogue pain score in the Antox group was 3(0-8) compared with 6(0-8) in the Non-Antox group(P < 0.01).Perceptions of cognitive,emotional,social,physical and role function were impaired in the Non-Antox group compared to Antox patients(P < 0.0001,P = 0.0007,P = 0.0032 and P < 0.005 and P < 0.001,respectively).Analgesics and opiate usage was significantly lower in the Antox group(P < 0.01).Overall physical health and global QoL was better in the Antox group(P < 0.0001,95% CI:1.5-3).CONCLUSION:Contemporary quality of life assessments show that after correction for disease duration and cigarette smoking,patients with CP taking antox had better scores than non-antox controls.

关键词： Chronic pancreatitis Antioxidants Quality of life Assessment Management

Diabetic retinopathy: recent advances towards understanding neurodegeneration and vision loss

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2015年第6期58卷 541-549页

作者： BARBER alistair j. Penn State Hershey Eye Center Penn State Hershey College of Medicine Milton S. Hershey Medical Center

Diabetic retinopathy （DR） is one of the most common retinal diseases world-wide. It has a complex pathology that involves the vasculature of the inner retina and breakdown of the blood-retinal barrier. Extensive research has determined that DR is not only a vascular disease but also has a neurodegenerative component and that essentially all types of ceils in the retina are affected, leading to chronic loss of visual function. A great deal of work using animal models of DR has established the loss of neurons and pathology of other cell types, including supporting glial cells. There has also been an increased emphasis on measuring retinal function in the models, as well as further validation and extension of the animal studies by clinical and translational research. This article will attempt to summarize the more recent developments in research towards understanding the complexities of retinal neurodegeneration and functional vision loss in DR.

关键词： retina diabetes neurodegeneration visual function vascular function apoptosis synapse dendrite

The Triple Combination of Meropenem,Avibactam,and a Metallo-β-Lactamase Inhibitor Optimizes Antibacterial Coverage Against Different β-Lactamase Producers

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Engineering 2024年第7期38卷 124-132页

作者： Zhuoren Ling alistair james Macdonald Farley Aditya Lankapalli Yanfang Zhang Shonnette Premchand-Branker Kate Cook Andrei Baran Charlotte Gray-Hammerton Claudia Orbegozo Rubio Edgars Suna jordan Mathias jürgen Brem Kirsty Sands Maria Nieto-Rosado Maria Mykolaivna Trush Nadira Naznin Rakhi Willames Martins Yuqing Zhou Christopher joseph Schofield Timothy Walsh Department of Biology&Ineos Oxford Institute for Antimicrobial Research University of OxfordOxford OX13REUK Chemistry Research Laboratory Department of Chemistry and the Ineos Oxford Institute for Antimicrobial ResearchUniversity of OxfordOxford OX13TAUK Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis Riga LV-1006Latvia Department of Medical Microbiology Division of Infection and ImmunitySchool of MedicineCardiff UniversityCardiff CF144XNUK Enzymology and Applied Biocatalysis Research Center Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringBabes-Bolyai UniversityCluj-Napoca 400028Romania

This work explores the potential of a triple combination of meropenem(MEM),a novel metallo-blactamase(MBL)inhibitor(indole-2-carboxylate 58(InC58)),and a serine-b-lactamase(SBL)inhibitor(avibactam(AVI))for broad-spectrum activity against carbapenemase-producing bacteria.A diverse panel comprising MBL-and SBL-producing strains was used for susceptibility testing of the triple combination using the agar dilution *** frequency of resistance(FoR)to MEM combined with InC58 was *** were sequenced and tested for cross resistance,fitness,and the stability of the resistance *** with the double combinations of MEM plus an SBL or MBL inhibitor,the triple combination extended the spectrum of activity to most of the isolates bearing SBLs(oxacillinase-48(OXA-48)and Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase-2(KPC-2))and MBLs(New Delhi metallo-blactamases(NDMs)),although it was not effective against Verona integron-encoded metallo-blactamase(VIM)-carrying Pseudomonas aeruginosa(***)and OXA-23-carrying Acinetobacter baumannii(***).The FoR to MEM plus InC58 ranged from 2.22×10^(-7)to 1.13×10^(-6).The resistance correlated with mutations to ompC and comR,affecting porin C and copper permeability,*** mutants manifested a fitness cost,a decreased level of resistance during passage without antibiotic pressure,and cross resistance to another carbapenem(imipenem)and a b-lactamase inhibitor(taniborbactam).In conclusion,compared with the dual combinations,the triple combination of MEM with InC58 and AVI showed a much wider spectrum of activity against different carbapenemaseproducing bacteria,revealing a new strategy to combat b-lactamase-mediated antimicrobial resistance.

关键词： Carbapenemase Metallo/serine-b-lactamase inhibitor Avibactam Meropenem Antimicrobial resistance

Does China's Huge External Surplus Imply an Undervalued Renminbi?

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China & World Economy 2007年第3期15卷 89-102页

作者： Anthony j. makin Griffith Business School Griffith University Australia.

A pegged exchange rate regime has been pivotal to China＇s export-led development strategy. However, its huge trade surpluses and massive build up of international reserves have been matched by large deficits for major trading partners, creating acute policy concerns abroad, especially in the USA. This paper provides a straighOeorward conceptual framework for interpreting the effect of China＇s exchange rate policy on its own trade balance and that of trading partners in the context of discrepant economic growth rates. It shows how pegging the exchange rate when output is outstripping expenditure induces China＇ s trade surpluses and counterpart deficits for its trading partners. An important corollary is that given its strictly regulated capital account, China＇s persistently large surpluses imply a significantly undervalued renminbi, which should gradually become more flexible.

关键词： economic growth exchange rate monetary policy trade surplus

Paleobiological significance of the james Ross Basin

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Advances in Polar Science 2019年第3期30卷 186-198页

作者： j.alistair CRAME British Antarctic Survey High CrossMadingley RoadCambridge CB3 0ETUK

The extensive Late Mesozoic–Early Cenozoic sedimentary succession exposed within the james Ross Basin,Antarctica has huge potential to enhance paleobiological investigations into both the marine and terrestrial fossil *** excess of 7 km in total thickness and spanning the Early Cretaceous(Aptian)–Late Eocene in age,it represents an invaluable high-latitude(~65°S)site for comparison with lower latitude,tropical ones in an essentially greenhouse *** Early Cretaceous(Aptian–Albian)sequence is deep-water but there are indications of shallowing to inner shelf depths in both the Turonian and Coniacian *** first prolific shallow-water marine fauna occurs in the Santonian–Campanian Santa Marta Formation and this is followed by repeated occurrences through the later Campanian,Maastrichtian,Danian and Middle Eocene(Lutetian).In this study an attempt has been made to compare these Antarctic faunas directly with the well-known ones of the same age from the US Gulf *** comparisons made for three time slices,Late Maastrichtian,Danian and Middle Eocene,indicate that the Antarctic is characterised by both low taxonomic diversity and high levels of *** james Ross Basin is providing important evidence to indicate that the highest southern latitudes have always been characterised by a distinctive temperate biota,even on a pre-glacial *** roots of at least some elements of the modern Southern Ocean biota can be traced back to a Late Mesozoic–Early Cenozoic austral realm.

关键词： james Ross Basin biostratigraphy molluscan faunas US Gulf Coast biodiversity patterns evolutionof temperate biotas

Challenges in developing therapeutic strategies for mild neonatal encephalopathy

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Neural Regeneration Research 2022年第2期17卷 277-282页

作者： Alice McDouall Guido Wassink Laura Bennet alistair j.Gunn joanne O.Davidson Department of Physiology The University of AucklandAucklandNew Zealand

There is increasing evidence that infants with mild neonatal encephalopathy(NE) have significant risks of mortality, brain injury and adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes. In the era of therapeutic hypothermia, infants need to be diagnosed within 6 hours of birth, corresponding with the window of opportunity for treatment of moderate to severe NE, compared to the retrospective grading over 2 to 3 days, typically with imaging and formal electroencephalographic assessment in the pre-hypothermia era. This shift in diagnosis may have increased the apparent prevalence of brain damage and poor neurological outcomes seen in infants with mild NE in the era of hypothermia. Abnormal short term outcomes observed in infants with mild NE include seizures, abnormal neurologic examination at discharge, abnormal brain magnetic resonance imaging and difficulty feeding. At 2 to 3 years of age, mild NE has been associated with an increased risk of autism, language and cognitive deficits. There are no approved treatment strategies for these infants as they were not included in the initial randomized controlled trials for therapeutic hypothermia. However, there is already therapeutic creep, with many centers treating infants with mild NE despite the limited evidence for its safety and efficacy. The optimal duration of treatment and therapeutic window of opportunity for effective treatment need to be specifically established for mild NE as the evolution of injury is likely to be slower, based on preclinical data. Randomized controlled trials of therapeutic hypothermia for infants with mild NE are urgently required to establish the safety and efficacy of treatment. This review will examine the evidence for adverse outcomes after mild NE and dissect some of the challenges in developing therapeutic strategies for mild NE, before analyzing the evidence for therapeutic hypothermia and other strategies for treatment of these infants.

关键词： asphyxia electroencephalogram erythropoietin mild hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy neonatal encephalopathy neurological examination neuroprotection Sarnat score therapeutic hypothermia

Can we further optimize therapeutic hypothermia for hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy?

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Neural Regeneration Research 2019年第10期14卷 1678-1683页

作者： Anthony Davies Guido Wassink Laura Bennet alistair j.Gunn joanne O.Davidson Department of Physiology The University of Auckland

Perinatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy is a leading cause of neonatal death and *** hypothermia significantly reduces death and major disability associated with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy;however,many infants still experience lifelong disabilities to movement,sensation and *** guidelines,based on strong clinical and preclinical evidence,recommend therapeutic hypothermia should be started within 6 hours of birth and continued for a period of 72 hours,with a target brain temperature of 33.5 ±0.5℃ for infants with moderate to severe hypoxic-ischemic *** clinical guidelines also recommend that infants be re warmed at a rate of 0.5℃ per hour,but this is not based on strong *** are no randomized controlled trials investigating the optimal rate of rewarming after therapeutic hypothermia for infants with hypoxic-ischemic *** studies of rewarming are conflicting and results were confounded by treatment with sub-optimal durations of *** this review,we evaluate the evidence for the optimal start time,duration and depth of hypothermia,and whether the rate of rewarming after treatment affects brain injury and neurological outcomes.

关键词： hypoxia-ischemia hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy therapeutic hypothermia neuroprotection therapeutic strategies randomized controlled trials animal models fetal sheep piglets

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偏移、反演和层析

油气藏评价与开发 1987年第4期 40-52页

作者： L.Hatton M.H.Worthington j.makin 姚姚

偏移、反演和层析是三种紧密相关、但又有细微差别的处理方法。***,***-thington 和 *** 所著的“地震资料处理”(《Seismic Data Processing,Theory andPractice》)一书对之作了精辟的描述,着重其物理概念及其实用性。本文由此书中有... 详细信息

偏移、反演和层析是三种紧密相关、但又有细微差别的处理方法。***,***-thington 和 *** 所著的“地震资料处理”(《Seismic Data Processing,Theory andPractice》)一书对之作了精辟的描述,着重其物理概念及其实用性。本文由此书中有关章节编译而成,主要介绍偏移中的实际问题、反演方法及其实用中的变化和几种层析技术。

关键词：反演数学时间域深度域双曲型方程波动方程地震偏移三维偏移偏移速度色层分析层析地球物理学家拉冬变换二维偏移斯奈尔定律

A geocomputational analysis of Twitter activity around different world cities

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Geo-Spatial Information Science 2014年第3期17卷 145-152页

作者： Muhammad ADNAN alistair LEAK Paul LONGLEY Department of Geography University College LondonGower StreetLondon WC1E 6BTUK Department of Security and Crime Science University College London35 Tavistock SquareLondon WC1H 9EZUK

The penetration and use of social media services differs from city to *** paper is aimed to provide a comparison of the use of Twitter between different cities of the *** present a temporal analysis of activity on Twitter in 15 *** study consists of two parts:First,we created temporal graphs of the activity in the 15 cities,through which hours of high and low activity could be ***,we created heat map visualizations of the Twitter activities during the period of 19 September 2012–25 September *** heat map visualizations make the periods of intense and sparse activity apparent and provide a snapshot of the activity during the whole year.

关键词： Twitter temporal analysis heat map visualization activity patterns