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Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2024年第8期140卷 1263-1298页

作者： Troy Myers Michael A.Sutton Hubert Schreier alistair Tofts Sreehari Rajan Kattil Department of Mechanical Engineering University of South CarolinaColumbiaSC29208USA Correlated Solutions Incorporated 121 Dutchman BlvdColumbiaSC29063USA

To compare finite element analysis(FEA)predictions and stereovision digital image correlation(StereoDIC)strain measurements at the same spatial positions throughout a region of interest,a field comparison procedure is *** procedure includes(a)conversion of the finite element data into a triangular mesh,(b)selection of a common coordinate system,(c)determination of the rigid body transformation to place both measurements and FEA data in the same system and(d)interpolation of the FEA nodal information to the same spatial locations as the StereoDIC measurements using barycentric *** an aluminum Al-6061 double edge notched tensile specimen,FEA results are ob.a.ned using both the von Mises isotropic yield criterion and Hill’s quadratic anisotropic yield criterion,with the unknown Hill model parameters determined using full-field specimen strain measurements for the nominally plane stress *** Hill’s quadratic anisotropic yield criterion,the point-by-point comparison of experimentally based full-field strains and stresses to finite element predictions are shown to be in excellent agreement,confirming the effectiveness of the field comparison process.

关键词： StereoDIC spatial co-registration data transformation finite element simulations point-wise comparison of measurements and FEA predictions double edge notch specimen model validation

Development of a sample preparation approach to measure the size of nanoparticle aggregates by electron microscopy

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Particuology 2019年第4期17卷 49-57页

作者： Agnieszka Dudkiewicz Angela Lehner Qasim Chaudhry Kristian Molhave Guenter Allmaier Karen Tiede alistair b.a. b.xall Peter Hofmann John Lewis The Food and Environment Research Agency Sand Hutton York Y041 1LZ UK Department of Environment The University of York Heslington York YO10 5DD UK National Centre for Food Manufacturing The University of Lincoln Holbeach PE12 7AG UK Research Group bio- and Polymer Analysis Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics TU Wien (Vienna University of Technology) Getreidemarkt 9 A-1060 Vienna Austria University of Chester Parkgate Road Chester CH1 4BJ UK Department of Micro and Nanotechnology Technical University of Denmark DTU Bldg 345b Lyngby 2800 Denmark Research Centre for Global Food Security and Ecosystems University of Hohenheim Wollgrasweg 43 70155 Stuttgart Germany Department of Geoinformatics - Z.GIS University of Salzburg Schillerstr. 30 A-5020 Salzburg Austria

Electron microscopy (EM) is widely used for nanoparticle (NP) sizing. Following an initial assessment of two sample preparation protocols described in the current literature as"unperturbed", we found that neither could accurately measure the size of NPs featuring a broad size distribution, e.g., aggregates. because many real-world NP samples consist of aggregates, this finding was of considerable concern. The data showed that the protocols introduced errors into the measurement by either inducing agglomeration artefacts or providing a skewed size distribution towards small particles (skewing artefact). The focus of this work was to develop and apply a mathematical refinement to correct the skewing artefact. This refinement provided a much improved agreement between EM and a reference methodology, when applied to the measurement of synthetic amorphous silica NPs. Further investigation, highlighted the influence of NP chemistry on the refinement. This study emphasised the urgent need for greater and more detailed consideration regarding the sample preparation of NP aggregates to routinely achieve accurate measurements by EM. This study also provided a novel refinement solution applicable to the size characterisation of silica and c让rate-coated gold NPs featuring broad size distributions. With further research, this approach could be extended to other NP types.

关键词： Nanoparticles Aggregates Measurement Electron microscopy Sample preparation Artefacts

The Triple Combination of Meropenem,Avibactam,and a Metallo-β-Lactamase Inhibitor Optimizes Antibacterial Coverage Against Different β-Lactamase Producers

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Engineering 2024年第7期38卷 124-132页

作者： Zhuoren Ling alistair James Macdonald Farley Aditya Lankapalli Yanfang Zhang Shonnette Premchand-b.a.ker Kate Cook Andrei baran Charlotte Gray-Hammerton Claudia Orbegozo Rubio Edgars Suna Jordan Mathias Jürgen brem Kirsty Sands Maria Nieto-Rosado Maria Mykolaivna Trush Nadira Naznin Rakhi Willames Martins Yuqing Zhou Christopher Joseph Schofield Timothy Walsh Department of biology&Ineos Oxford Institute for Antimicrob.a. Research University of OxfordOxford OX13REUK Chemistry Research Laboratory Department of Chemistry and the Ineos Oxford Institute for Antimicrobial ResearchUniversity of OxfordOxford OX13TAUK Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis Riga LV-1006Latvia Department of Medical Microbiology Division of Infection and ImmunitySchool of MedicineCardiff UniversityCardiff CF144XNUK Enzymology and Applied biocatalysis Research Center Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringBabes-Bolyai UniversityCluj-Napoca 400028Romania

This work explores the potential of a triple combination of meropenem(MEM),a novel metallo-b.a.tamase(MbL)inhibitor(indole-2-carboxylate 58(InC58)),and a serine-b-lactamase(SbL)inhibitor(avibactam(AVI))for broad-spectrum activity against carbapenemase-producing bacteria.A diverse panel comprising MbL-and SbL-producing strains was used for susceptibility testing of the triple combination using the agar dilution *** frequency of resistance(FoR)to MEM combined with InC58 was *** were sequenced and tested for cross resistance,fitness,and the stability of the resistance *** with the double combinations of MEM plus an SbL or MbL inhibitor,the triple combination extended the spectrum of activity to most of the isolates b.a.ing SbLs(oxacillinase-48(OXA-48)and Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase-2(KPC-2))and MbLs(New Delhi metallo-b.a.tamases(NDMs)),although it was not effective against Verona integron-encoded metallo-b.a.tamase(VIM)-carrying Pseudomonas aeruginosa(***)and OXA-23-carrying Acinetobacter baumannii(***).The FoR to MEM plus InC58 ranged from 2.22×10^(-7)to 1.13×10^(-6).The resistance correlated with mutations to ompC and comR,affecting porin C and copper permeability,*** mutants manifested a fitness cost,a decreased level of resistance during passage without antibiotic pressure,and cross resistance to another carbapenem(imipenem)and a b-lactamase inhibitor(taniborbactam).In conclusion,compared with the dual combinations,the triple combination of MEM with InC58 and AVI showed a much wider spectrum of activity against different carbapenemaseproducing bacteria,revealing a new strategy to combat b-lactamase-mediated antimicrob.a. resistance.

关键词： Carbapenemase Metallo/serine-b-lactamase inhibitor Avibactam Meropenem Antimicrob.a. resistance

Interleukin-1:an important target for perinatal neuroprotection?

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中国神经再生研究：英文版 2023年第1期18卷 47-50页

作者： Sharmony b.Kelly Elys Green Rod W.Hunt Claudia A.Nold-Petry alistair J.Gunn Marcel F.Nold Robert Galinsky The Ritchie Centre Hudson Institute of Medical ResearchMelbourneVictoriaAustralia Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Monash UniversityVictoriaAustralia Department of Pediatrics Monash UniversityVictoriaAustralia Monash Newborn Monash Children’s HospitalMelbourneAustralia Department of Physiology The University of AucklandAucklandNew Zealand

Perinatal inflammation is a significant risk factor for lifelong neurodevelopmental impairments such as cereb.a. *** clinical and preclinical evidence links the severity and pattern of perinatal inflammation to impaired maturation of white and grey matters and reduced b.a.n *** pathways are involved in the pathogenesis of perinatal ***,studies of human and experimental perinatal encephalopathy have demonstrated a strong causative link between perinatal encephalopathy and excessive production of the pro-inflammatory effector cytokine *** this review,we summarize clinical and preclinical evidence that underpins interleukin-1 as a critical factor in initiating and perpatuating systemic and central nervous system inflammation and subsequent perinatal b.a.n *** also highlight the important role of endogenous interleukin-1 receptor antagonist in mitigating interleukin-1-driven neuroinflammation and tissue damage,and summarize outcomes from clinical and mechanistic animal studies that establish the commercially available interleukin-1 receptor antagonist,anakinra,as a safe and effective therapeutic *** reflect on the evidence supporting clinical translation of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist for infants at the greatest risk of perinatal inflammation and impaired neurodevelopment,and suggest a path to advance interleukin-1 receptor antagonist along the translational path for perinatal neuroprotection.

关键词： b.a.n inflammation interleukin-1 receptor antagonist interleukin-1 interleukin-1β neonatal encephalopathy neuroprotection preterm b.a.n injury

Tracer advection in a pair of adjacent side-wall cavities, and in a rectangular channel containing two groynes in series

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Journal of Hydrodynamics 2018年第4期30卷 564-572页

作者： Mohammad Mahdi Jalali alistair G.L.borthwick Institute for Energy Systems School of Engineering The University of Edinburgh

A model is presented of particle advection near groynes in an open channel. Open channel hydrodynamics is modelled using the shallow water equations, ob.a.ned as the depth-averaged form of Reynolds-averaged continuity and Navier-Stokes momentum equations. A Lagrangian particle-tracking model is used to predict trajectories of tracer particles advected by the flow field, with bilinear interpolation representing the continuous flow field. The particle-tracking model is verified for chaotic advection in an alternating flow field of a pair of blinking vortices. The combined shallow flow and Lagrangian particle-tracking model is applied to the simulation of tracer advection in flow past a pair of side-wall cavities separated by a groyne, and in an open rectangular channel containing a pair of parallel groynes oriented normal to the channel wall. The study is potentially useful in understanding mixing processes in shallow flow fields near hydraulic structures in wide rivers.

关键词： Shallow water equations Lagrangian particle tracking chaotic advection blinking vortices side-wall cavities groynes

Tracer advection in an idealised river bend with groynes

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Journal of Hydrodynamics 2018年第5期30卷 780-790页

作者： Mohammad Mahdi Jalali alistair G.L.borthwick Institute for Energy Systems School of Engineering The University of Edinburgh

This paper presents numerical simulations of particle advection in the bend of an open channel containing groynes, which is an idealised form of a shallow river bend in a wide river. The flow field is computed using a boundary-fitted solver of the non-orthogonal, curvilinear shallow water equations. The computational grid is generated by solving Poisson-type elliptic partial differential equations using an iterative multi-grid scheme for prescribed boundary coordinates. The shallow water equations are discretised with finite differences in space, and 4 t h order Runge-Kutta integration in time. Tracers introduced at specific initial locations have their trajectories computed using Lagrangian particle tracking. The numerical shallow flow model is verified by comparison to the analytical solution of fully developed flow in an open channel. The combined shallow flow and Lagrangian particle-tracking model is then used to simulate the advection of tracer particles in a rectangular channel containing a pair of parallel groynes, and tracer particles in a curved open channel containing groynes, of dimensions roughly equivalent to a Danube River bend.

关键词： Shallow water equations tracer advection Lagrangian particle curvilinear coordinates system river bend groynes

Flow and magnetic structures in a kinematic AbC-dynamo

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2020年第8期63卷 95-100页

作者： Tao Zhang ZhiLiang Lin ChenYang Huang alistair G.L.borthwick State Key Laboratory of Ocean Engineering School of Naval ArchitectureOcean and Civil EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Ship and Deep-Sea Exploration Shanghai 200240China School of Engineering The University of EdinburghEdinburgh EH93JLUK

Dynamo theory describes the magnetic field induced by the rotating,convecting and electrically conducting fluid in a celestial *** classical AbC-flow model represents fast dynamo action,required to sustain such a magnetic *** this letter,Lagrangian coherent structures(LCSs)in the AbC-flow are detected through Finite-time Lyapunov exponents(FTLE).The flow skeleton is identified by extracting intersections between repelling and attracting *** the case A=b=C=1,the skeleton structures are made up from lines connecting two different types of stagnation points in the *** corresponding kinematic AbC-dynamo problem is solved using a spectral method,and the distribution of cigar-like magnetic structures *** links are found to exist between LCSs in the AbC-flow and induced magnetic structures,which provides insight into the mechanism behind the AbC-dynamo.

关键词： kinematic dynamo theory AbC-flow Lagrangian coherent structure

LIF Measurement of the Diluting Effect of Surface Waves on Turbulent buoyant Plumes

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Journal of Flow Control, Measurement & Visualization 2014年第3期2卷 77-93页

作者： David b. Sharp alistair Shawcross Clive A. Greated Department of Engineering and Innovation Open University Milton Keynes UK School of Physics and Astronomy University of Edinburgh Edinburgh UK

In this paper, the diluting effect of surface waves on a buoyant plume has been measured using a Laser Induced Fluorescence (LIF) technique. The resulting time-averaged, full field concentration maps have allowed quan... 详细信息

关键词： buoyant Plumes Surface Waves Laser Induced Fluorescence Multi-Port Diffuser Outfall Pipe

Numerical analysis of the performance of a three-b.a.ed vertical-axis turbine with active pitch control using a coupled unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes and actuator line model

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水动力学研究与进展b辑:英文版 2023年第3期35卷 516-532页

作者： Rui-wen Zhao Angus C.W.Creech Ye Li Vengatesan Venugopal alistair G.L.borthwick Laboratory of Multi-function Towing Tank State Key Laboratory of Ocean EngineeringSchool of Naval ArchitectureOcean and Civil EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China School of Engineering and Physical Sciences Heriot-Watt UniversityEdinburghUK School of Engineering The University of EdinburghEdinburghUK School of Engineering Computing and MathematicsUniversity of PlymouthPlymouthUK

In this paper,we present a numerical model of a vertical-axis turbine(VAT)with active-pitch torque *** model is based upon the Wind and Tidal Turbine Embedded Simulator(WATTES)and WATTES-V turbine realisations in conjunction with the actuator line method(ALM),and uses OpenFOAM to solve the unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes(URANS)equations with two-equation k-εturbulence *** novel pitch-controlled system is based on an even pressure drop across the entire rotor to mitigate against dynamic stall at low tip speed *** numerical model is validated against experimental measurements and alternative numerical predictions of the hydrodynamic performance of a 1:6 scale UNH-RM2 hydrokinetic *** deploying the variable pitch mechanism exhibit improved turbine performance compared to measured data and fixed zero-pitch model ***-wake characteristics are investigated by examining the vorticity distribution near the *** pitch-controlled system is demonstrated to theoretically decrease turbulence generated by turbine rotations,mitigate the intensity of vortex shedding and size of detached vortices,and significantly enhance the performance of a vertical-axis hydrokinetic turbine for rated tip-speed ratios.

关键词： Vertical-axis turbine pitch control hydrodynamic performance unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes(URANS) numerical simulation

Antifeedant Activity of Caesalpinia coriaria Essential Oil Against Incisitermes marginipennis (Latreille)

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Phyton-International Journal of Experimental botany 2021年第3期90卷 907-920页

作者： Cesar b.Ramírez-López Rita beltrán-Sánchez alistair Hernández-Izquierdo JoséLuis Salvador-Hernández Eduardo Salcedo-Pérez Rosa E.del Río Mauro M.Martínez Pacheco Instituto de Investigaciones Químico biológicas Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de HidalgoMorelia58030Mexico Departamento de botánica y Zoología CUCBA Universidad de GuadalajaraNextipac45200Mexico

This study scrutinized the possibility of finding toxicant or deterrent plant metabolites against the dry wood termite Incisitermes marginipennis(Latreille).Plant deterrent agents act as repellents or antifeedants to prevent wood decay and increase its useful *** potential of the tree Caesalpinia coriaria(Fabaceae)as a biological source of molecules with deterrent effects against the dry wood termite was assessed by a phytochemical fractionation guided by repellence and antifeedant *** gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of the leaf essential oil showed geraniol to be one of the major components and its repellent and antifeedant effects were *** had only an antifeedant effect without affecting the body weight or survival of the dry wood *** the leaf essential oil,geraniol did not exhibit a repellency *** in-silico approach of the activity of acetylcholinesterase in interaction with geraniol resulted in an affinity energy of−7.5 Kcal/*** interacted with the amino acid tyrosine 324 located in the enzyme’s active site while citronellol(negative control)interacted with tryptophan 83 located adjacent to the active *** deterring terpenes have not been implemented for the preservation and restoration of wood products exposed to the attack of the dry wood ***,they are an important natural control alternative.

关键词： Termite geraniol repellent antifeedant deterrent