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Total Fat, Fatty Acid Composition, Tocopherol and Tocotrienol Profiles in Fermented Beans of Ten Controlled Pollinated Cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) Hybrids from Cameroon

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2024年第5期15卷 359-373页

作者： martin Paul Arnaud Mbida Simon Perrez Akoa Ronelle Fabiola Mbia Manga Ndjaga Jude martine Louise Ondobo Onomo Pierre Effa Department of Biochemistry Faculty of Science University of Yaounde I Yaounde Cameroon Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Department of Biological Science Higher Teacher&#8217s Training College University of Yaounde I Yaounde Cameroon Department of Food Science and Technology Faculty of Agriculture and Veterinary Medecine University of Buea Buea Cameroon National Technology Development Committee Ministry of Scientific Research and Innovation Administrative Center Yaounde Cameroon Department of Agriculture and Agropastoral Higher Technical Teacher&#8217s Training College University of Ebolowa Ebolowa Cameroon

This study aimed to discriminate ten Cameroonian cocoa hybrids according to their total fat, fatty acid composition, tocopherol and tocotrienol profiles. Six cocoa clones from the gene banks of the Cameroon Cocoa Development Corporation were used to create hybrids. The determination of fatty acid composition was carried out by using a gas chromatography (GC) apparatus coupled by a flame ion detector (FID). Tocopherol and tocotrienol analysis was performed by upper high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC). Information on the impact of the genotype on the cocoa fat composition was provided. The major fatty acids (FA) in fermented samples are stearic (34.57%), palmitic (26.13%), oleic (34.13%) and linoleic (3.16%) acids. (35.05% to 35.6%). SCA12 × ICS40, SCA12 × SNK13, SNK13 × T79/501 have the least hard cocoa butters. Tocopherols analysis showed a predominance of γ-tocopherols (94.64 ± 1.51 to 292.16 ± 3.17 µg∙g−1), whereas only a small amount of β and δ-tocopherol (from 0.46 to 2.78 µg∙g−1 and 0.12 to 5.82 respectively) was observed. No γ-tocotrienol was found in fermented samples. A differentiation in terms of total fat and tocopherol content was observed amongst hybrids with the same mother-clone, suggesting an impact of pollen on these compounds.

关键词： Cocoa Hybrids Lipid Composition UHPLC GC-FID

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柔印走向完全工业化还缺什么

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印刷杂志 2024年第2期 22-25页

作者： martin Dreher 李玉山(译) 不详恩熙思印刷科技(上海)有限公司

本文原文版权属于德国柔印技术协会(DFTA)。受中国印刷技术协会柔印分会委托,恩熙思印刷科技(上海)有限公司经授权翻译为中文版。柔性版印刷发展迅猛,当之无愧地成为目前主要的包装印刷工艺之一。尽管如此,柔印要发展成为完全工业化的... 详细信息

本文原文版权属于德国柔印技术协会(DFTA)。受中国印刷技术协会柔印分会委托,恩熙思印刷科技(上海)有限公司经授权翻译为中文版。柔性版印刷发展迅猛,当之无愧地成为目前主要的包装印刷工艺之一。尽管如此,柔印要发展成为完全工业化的生产工艺,在笔者看来,还必须经历一系列必要的整合,才能真正成为未来包装印刷的主要选择之一。

关键词：柔印工业化色彩标准印刷质量包装印刷 DFTA

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The martin moving grate technology

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Waste Disposal and Sustainable Energy 2023年第3期5卷 283-293页

作者： Ralf Koralewska Ulrich martin Max Schönsteiner martin GmbH für Umwelt-und Energietechnik Leopoldstrasse 24680807MunichGermany

The thermal treatment of waste using grate-based systems has gained global acceptance as the preferred method for sustainable management of residual *** is because the energy content of the waste is utilized and quality products and residues are *** Waste-to-Energy(WtE)plants are extremely *** knowledge of“fuel”waste and its effects on the design and operation of WtE plants is crucial for the successful planning and operation of these *** respond to new challenges and/or priorities,developing and implementing innovative technologies is *** long-term global partnerships and innovative grate and combustion technologies,martin guarantees that in future,residual waste will be treated following ecological and economic constraints and in compliance with international legal requirements.

关键词： Waste-to-Energy Combustion Grate technologies Heating value Developing countries

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斯洛文尼亚岩溶区草地生长季土壤CO变化及其降雨效应

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地球学报 2024年

作者：章程肖琼汪进良孙平安苗迎郭永丽 Mitja PRELOVSEK martin KNEZ Sa?a MILANOVI? 中国地质科学院岩溶地质研究所/联合国教科文组织国际岩溶研究中心自然资源部/广西岩溶动力学重点实验室斯洛文尼亚科学与艺术院岩溶研究所塞尔维亚贝尔格莱德大学水文地质系岩溶水文地质中心

土壤CO2是岩溶作用的核心驱动因子,也是研究土壤呼吸及其与大气CO2源汇关系的核心指标。快速的岩溶动力学和碳循环过程及其对生态系统的敏感性,暗示其在现今全球碳循环中仍在发挥积极作用。本文以斯洛文尼亚第纳尔岩溶区典型草地土壤生... 详细信息

土壤CO2是岩溶作用的核心驱动因子,也是研究土壤呼吸及其与大气CO2源汇关系的核心指标。快速的岩溶动力学和碳循环过程及其对生态系统的敏感性,暗示其在现今全球碳循环中仍在发挥积极作用。本文以斯洛文尼亚第纳尔岩溶区典型草地土壤生态系统为例,开展不同深度土壤温度、水分和土壤CO2含量等指标高分辨率在线监测。监测工作在2021年6—9月草地生长季进行,每10 min记录一组数据。结果表明,土下20 cm、30 cm和50 cm土温均值分别为19.69℃、18.54℃和17.42℃,暗示土温随深度增加逐渐变小。土下20 cm、30 cm和50 cm水分含量均值分别为23.2%、21.7%和24.9%。土壤水分变化主要受降雨控制,降雨强度越大,水分上升幅度越大。土下20cm、30cm和50cm土壤CO2变化范围分别为(1 884～6 705)×10–6、(2 088～5 516)×10–6、(2 771～3 606)×10–6,均值分别为3 578×10–6、3 468×10–6、3 174×10–6。无雨期间土壤水分显示出白天下降,夜晚基本保持不变的阶梯状下降趋势,受土壤水分控制,土壤CO2多日总体变化呈现锯齿状持续降低趋势。不同降雨条件下均出现土壤CO2向下迁移现象,从强降雨过程初期产生的土壤CO2含量快速下降看,表明雨水入渗产生的脉冲效应导致CO2快速向下迁移,进一步进入下伏岩溶含水层,可为碳酸盐岩溶蚀提供CO2驱动力,比较下降幅度与雨前CO2含量,暗示降雨过程中12%～33%的土壤CO2进入岩溶含水层并参与碳酸盐岩溶蚀。监测结果暗示岩溶作用是陆地生态系统碳循环的横向延伸,具有土壤CO2汇效应,也就是说,岩溶作用过程具有缓解土壤CO2向大气释放功能,即减源效应。因此,在研究岩溶区碳循环及其碳汇效应时,应把植被-土壤-碳酸盐岩溶蚀作为一个整体,从岩溶关键带角度,系统开展监测与研究,以期获得岩溶区碳循环过程的完整认识,揭示其碳汇效应,进一步评估岩溶区碳循环在全球碳循环的作用和应对气候变化中的地位。

关键词：土壤CO 土壤水分降雨过程岩溶作用减源效应斯洛文尼亚

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Typology and Agroecology of Agroecosystems in Vegetation Dynamics in the Ecotones of the Mbam and Inoubou

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Open Journal of Forestry 2024年第1期14卷 42-66页

作者： Alex Bruno Dong Etchike Lucie Félicité Temgoua Bertine Tiokeng Marie Caroline Momo Solefack martin Benoit Ngassoum Pierre Marie Mapongmetsem Laboratory of Applied Botany Faculty of Sciences of the University of Dschang Dschang Cameroon Department of Forestry Faculty of Agronomy and Agricultural Sciences University of Dschang Dschang Cameroon National School of Agro-Industrial Sciences of the University of Ngaoundéré Ngaoundéré Cameroon Laboratory of Biodiversity and Sustainable Development of the University of Ngaoundéré Ngaoundéré Cameroon

Agroforestry systems strongly characterize the Cameroonian agrarian landscape. Agroforests are among those structuring the ecotones of Mbam and Inoubou in the Central Cameroon region. Numerous works on agroecosystems of Central and South Cameroon, few have come out contribution of the structure of these traditional systems in the dynamics of the vegetation of these forest-savannah ecotones. The present contribution has the overall objective of demonstrating the structural efficiency of agroforests the dynamics of ecotone vegetation, but also in the conservation of biodiversity. To do this, a participatory analysis was carried out with 56 farmers distributed in the five villages of Makénéné. Botanical inventories supplemented socio-economic household surveys. The data collected was subjected to various analyzes (univariate test, analysis of variance, multivariate test, PCA, CAH). The results reveal that 55.2% of agroforests are less than 15 years old and those with an area greater than 1500 m2 predominate (33%). They are mainly young with generally small surface areas. The horizontal structure reveals that the largest diameter classes are those of [20 - 30 cm[ and [10 - 20 cm[ with a very low rate of basal area. Agroforests with trees over 10 m high are dominant in five villages of Makénéné. Two types of structural profiles characterize the agroforestry flora of the area, namely intensive pluristratified home gardens on savannah and intensive pluristratified agroforests under forest-savannah transition vegetation. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Ascending Hierarchical Clustering (HAC) show three Agroforest Clusters each. The PCA distribution reveals that woody biomass (Y) is strongly correlated with tree diameter (DBH) and significantly with height (Cluster 2). The age (AAG) (Cluster 1) of these agroforests, on the other hand, remains independent of the density (DST) of these trees (Cluster 3). The agroforests in the Nyokon, Carrière and Mocksud vil

关键词： Agroforests Agroecosystem Center Cameroon Dynamics Agroecology Typology

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Cosmetic or Dietary Vegetable Oils Sampled in the Cameroonian Market May Not Expose Consumers to Lipid Oxidation Products Generating Oxidative Stress and Inflammation

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2024年第3期15卷 193-202页

作者： Ferdinand Kouoh Elombo Erika Van Damme Clara Delepine David Depraetere Ludovic Chaveriat Paul Lunga Keilah Nico Fréderic Njayou Patrick martin Laboratory of Toxicology and Pharmacology Department of Biochemistry Faculty of Sciences University of Yaound&#233 I Yaound&#233 Cameroon Dé partement de Chimie IUT B&#233thune Universit&#233 d&#8217Artois B&#233thune France Unité Transformations & Agroressources (ULR7519) Universit&#232 d&#8217Artois-UniLaSalle Bethune France

Vegetable oils are a source of energy, essential fatty acids, antioxidants and fat-soluble vitamins useful for human health care and development. These oils also contribute to organoleptic quality of their products’ derivatives. However, their chemical and physical properties can be modified by the mode of their extraction, storage and distribution. These modifications might negatively affect the nutritional quality of the oils. The goals of this study were to: sample different vegetable oils for cosmetic or dietary use marketed in Cameroon, and verify purity and oxidation states of each kind of oil through determination of its acidity, iodine, peroxide, saponification, refractive indexes and the conformity of the labeling. The carotene content, the level of polar components and specific absorbance were also determined. As the result, six oils namely palm, palm kernel, coconut, black cumin, peanut and shea butter were collected. Apart from labeling, chemicals and physicals parameters analyzed were generally in accordance with the Cameroonian and Codex Alimentarius standard. This study suggests that vegetable oils sampled in the Cameroonian market may not expose consumers to lipid oxidation products generating pathological oxidative stress and inflammation. However, efforts in application of existing standard need to be done as far as labeling are concerned.

关键词： Vegetable Oils Quality Control Labeling Compliance Lipid Oxidation Oxidative Pathology

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Extraction, Production and Quality Evaluation of Margarine from Oil Extracted from Waste Biomass Peels of Avocado and Virgin Coconut Oil, Using Chitosan from Reared Shells as Preservative

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Journal of Agricultural Chemistry and Environment 2024年第1期13卷 142-168页

作者： Suh-Ndale Svetlana Miyanui Pride Ndasi Ngwasiri Wiyeh Claudette Bakisu Muala Noumo Thierry Ngangmou Wilson Agwanande Ambindei martin Benoit Ngassoum Department of Nutrition Food and Bioresource Technology College of Technology University of Bamenda Bamenda Cameroon Department of Process Engineering ENSAI University of Ngaoundere Ngaoundere Cameroon Department of Applied Chemistry ENSAI University of Ngaoundere Ngaoundere Cameroon

The production and consumption of avocado pears generates tons of wastes, mainly the pear peels which are usually discarded, although they have been reported to contain important phyto-chemicals with biological activities. The adverse health effect associated with the consumption of saturated lipid based foods has ignited research on reformulation of lipid based foods to eliminate Trans Fatty Acids (TFAs). This study was thus aimed at the extraction and characterization of oil from Avocado Peels (APO) and evaluation of the quality of margarine produced from it. Five verities of pear were used for oil extraction by soxhlet method and physiochemical, oxidative, functional and antioxidant characterization was done. Margarines were formulated using a central composite design using oil blends of APO and Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO) with an oil ratio of 10:90, 40:60, 70:30 respectively, varied blending speed, blending time, and chitosan concentration. Samples were characterized and the effect of process parameters on the physiochemical and functional properties of the margarine studied. Optimized conditions were used to produce samples for sensory evaluation. Color, spreadability, aroma, taste and general acceptability was evaluated using ranking difference test. The results showed that the yield, density, and iodine values of APOs oils ranged from 14.91 ± 0.18 to 11.76 ± 0.46;0.93 ± 0.001 to 0.99 ± 0.1;46.63 ± 1.70 to 52.4 ± 0.63, their acid values, TBA and PV values ranged from 1.42 ± 0.39 to 1.97 ± 0.5;0.11 ± 0.002 to 0.18 ± 0.04;and 2.72 ± 0.14 to 4.43 ± 0.36 respectively, with Brogdon avocado peel variety having the overall best properties prepared blends of trans-free APO margarines showed that increase in APO ratio decreased melting point, increased oxidative stability and reduced moisture content of margarine samples. Chitosan addition leads to decrease moisture content and increase functional properties. VCO lead to increase in phenolic and flavonoid content of the m

关键词： Food Waste Avocado Peels Extraction Oil Biological Activity Margarine Chitosan

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在庙堂与江湖之间——苏轼和王守仁的仕途与文思

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孔学堂 2024年第1期11卷 59-69,168-177页

作者：徐圻 Liu Huawen(译) Jordan B.martin(校) 国际儒学联合会贵州省哲学学会贵州贵阳550525 孔学堂学术委员会 the Foreign Languages School at Shanghai Jiao Tong University Yuelu Academy at Hunan University

苏轼(苏东坡)和王守仁(王阳明),这是两个在中华文化史上具有顶级影响力的名字。他们各自所处的时代相差400余年,不可同日而语;他们一个是北宋文学家、思想家、政治家,一个是明代哲学家、政治家、军事家;他们的生活道路、政治生涯、文化... 详细信息

苏轼(苏东坡)和王守仁(王阳明),这是两个在中华文化史上具有顶级影响力的名字。他们各自所处的时代相差400余年,不可同日而语;他们一个是北宋文学家、思想家、政治家,一个是明代哲学家、政治家、军事家;他们的生活道路、政治生涯、文化贡献、历史影响都很不相同。但苏轼和王守仁,有许多相似或相近之处,比如他们的社会背景、政治抱负、人生遭遇、思想倾向、文化情怀等等。比较苏轼和王守仁的相同与不同,对于认识、反思中国古代的政治生态和文化走向是有启示意义的。

关键词：苏轼和王守仁政治境遇文学高峰哲学宗师历史回声

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有关柔印墨杠的十个事实

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印刷杂志 2024年第4期 29-31页

作者： martin Dreher 李玉山(译) 不详恩熙思印刷科技(上海)有限公司

柔印涉及的众多滚筒表面,特别是印版滚筒和压印滚筒表面很重要,这是一个机械工程问题。然而,正如DFTA技术中心最近评估发现的那样,很多业内人士忽略了这点。事实上,每个柔印机长都应该熟悉这点。

关键词：柔印墨杠同步走纸印版测控条

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住院患者认知障碍识别和信息管理的整合性综述

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International Journal of Nursing Sciences 2024年第1期11卷 120-132页

作者：熊蓓蓓 Daniel X.Bailey Paul Prudon Elaine M.Pascoe Leonard C.Gray Frederick Graham Amanda Henderson Melinda martin-Khan Centre for Health Services Research Faculty of MedicineThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneAustralia Centre for Clinical Research Faculty of MedicineThe University of QueenslandRoyal Brisbane&Women’s HospitalBrisbaneAustralia Dementia and Delirium Division of MedicinePrincess Alexandra HospitalBrisbaneAustralia School of Nursing Faculty of HealthQueensland University of TechnologyBrisbaneAustralia Nursing Practice Development Unit Princess Alexandra HospitalBrisbaneAustralia School of Nursing Midwifery and Social SciencesCentral Queensland UniversityBrisbaneAustralia Griffith Health Griffith UniversityBrisbaneAustralia School of Nursing Midwifery and ParamedicineThe University of the Sunshine CoastBrisbaneAustralia Department of Health and Life Sciences University of ExeterExeterUnited Kingdom School of Nursing University of Northern British ColumbiaPrince GeorgeCanada

目的旨在对目前提供急性照护的医院识别认知障碍患者以及在病历中记录和管理认知相关信息的实际情况及政策要求和推荐方法进行综述。方法采用Whittemore和Knaf1的五步法,系统检索Medline,CINAHL和Scopus数据库,并检索了灰色文献来源。... 详细信息

目的旨在对目前提供急性照护的医院识别认知障碍患者以及在病历中记录和管理认知相关信息的实际情况及政策要求和推荐方法进行综述。方法采用Whittemore和Knaf1的五步法,系统检索Medline,CINAHL和Scopus数据库,并检索了灰色文献来源。纳人了提供急性照护的医院已实施的患者认知障碍识别和认知信息管理相关的文献。采用混合方法评价工具和灰色文献质量评估清单对文章质量进行评价。采用主题分析法呈现和整合结果。该综述已在PROSPERO预注册(CRD42022343577)。结果共22篇原始研究文献和10篇政府/行业文件被纳人分析。结果显示,实践和政策之间存在差距。尽管在政策层面上高度重视认知障碍的识别、认知相关信息的透明度,以及与患者、家属和照顾者(如适用)之间的互动,但有时在临床实践中,认知评估是非正式的,患者的认知相关信息未作记录,与患者、家属和照顾者的互动也存在不足。结论.通过整合认知评估,利用信息技术开发信息管理综合系统,建立相关法律法规,提供教育与和培训,并采用国家层面的策略,有可能显著改善对认知障碍患者的识别和护理。

关键词：急性照护认知功能障碍数据透明度谵妄痴呆健康信息管理与患者互动.

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