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Potato aphid Macrosiphum euphorbiae performance is determined by aphid genotype and not mycorrhizal fungi or water availability

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Insect Science 2017年第6期24卷 1015-1024页

作者： alison Jane Karley Matthew Emslie-Smith alison elizabeth bennett Ecological Sciences The James Hutton Institute Invergowrie Dundee UK School of Biology University of St. Andrews St Andrews UK

Intra- and interspecific variation in plant and insect traits can alter the strength and direction of insect-plant interactions, with outcomes modified by soil biotic and abiotic conditions. We used the potato aphid （Macrosiphum euphorbiae Thomas） feeding on cultivated Solanum tuberosum and wild Solanurn berthaulti to study the impact of water availability and plant mutualistic arbuscular mycorrhizal （AM） fungi on aphid performance and susceptibility to a parasitoid wasp （Aphidius ervi Haliday）. Plants were grown under glass with live or sterile AM fungal spores and supplied with sufficient or reduced water supply. Plants were infested with 1 of 3 genotypes ofM. euphorbiae or maintained as aphidfree controls; aphid abundance was scored after 1 week, after which aphid susceptibility to A. ervi was assayed explanta. Solarium tuberosum accumulated c. 20% more dry mass than S. berthaultii, and root mass of S. berthaultii was smallest under reduced water supply in the presence of AM fungi. Aphid abundance was lowest on S. berthaultii and highest for genotype ＂2＂ aphids; genotype ＂1＂ aphid density was particularly reduced on S. berthaultii. Aphid genotype ＂1＂ exhibited low susceptibility to parasitism and was attacked less frequently than the other two more susceptible aphid genotypes. Neither AM fungi nor water availability affected insect performance. Our study suggests a fitness trade-offin M. euphorbiae between parasitism resistance and aphid performance on poor quality Solarium hosts that warrants further exploration, and indicates the importance of accounting for genotype identity in determining the outcome of multitrophic interactions.

关键词： Aphidius ervi arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi multitrophic interaction parasitism resistance Solanum spp.

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Root symbionts： Powerful drivers of plant above- and belowground indirect defenses

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Insect Science 2017年第6期24卷 947-960页

作者： Sergio Rasmann alison bennett Arjen Biere alison Karley Emilio Guerrieri Institute of Biology University of Neuchatel Neuchatel Switzerland Department of Ecological Sciences James Hutton Institute Dundee UK Netherlands Institute of Ecology Wageningen the Netherlands Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection National Research Council of Italy Portici Italy

Soil microbial mutualists of plants, including mycorrhizal ftmgi, non- mycorrhizal fungi and plant growth promoting rhizobacteria, have been typically characterized for increasing nutrient acquisition and plant growth. More recently, soil microbes have also been shown to increase direct plant defense against above- and below- ground herbivores. Plants, however, do not only rely on direct defenses when attacked, but they can also recruit pest antagonists such as predators and parasitoids, both above and belowground, mainly via the release of volatile organic compounds （i.e., indirect defenses）. In this review, we illustrate the main features and effects of soil microbial mutualists of plants on plant indirect defenses and discuss possible applications within the framework of sustainable crop protection against root- and shoot-feeding arthropod pests. We indicate the main knowledge gaps and the future challenges to be addressed in the study and application of these rnultifaceted interactions.

关键词： arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi crop protection entomopathogenic nematodes plant growth promoting rhizobacteria Trichoderma

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Growth and chemical responses of trembling aspen to simulated browsing and ungulate saliva

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2016年第4期9卷 474-484页

作者： Ken Keefover-Ring Kennedy F.Rubert-Nason alison E.bennett Richard L.Lindroth Department of Entomology University of Wisconsin-Madison1630 Linden Dr.MadisonWI 53706USA The James Hutton Institute InvergowrieDundee DD25DAScotlandUK

Aims Woody plant-browser systems represent an understudied facet of *** subjected four genotypes of trembling aspen to artificial browsing,similar to that of a large mammalian herbivore,and applied deer saliva to clipped and unclipped trees to assess:(i)the effects of artificial browsing on aspen growth and phytochemistry of leaves and stems,(ii)genotypic variation in responses and(iii)potential alterations of responses by mammalian *** Potted aspen trees were grown outdoors on the University of Wisconsin-Madison *** experiment consisted of a fullycrossed,2×2×4 randomized complete block design,with two levels of artificial browsing(unclipped and clipped),two levels of saliva application(no saliva and saliva)and four aspen *** simulate ungulate browsing damage,we removed the upper 50%of the stem of half of the trees by pinching the stem with needle-nosed pliers and then separating it by *** half of the damaged trees,we immediately swabbed the wound with deer *** in the unclipped plus saliva treatment were swabbed with saliva at the 50%height *** assess the effects of clipping and saliva application,we harvested all trees after 2 months and measured various growth and chemical *** measurements included height,vertical growth,mass of leaves,stems and roots,leaf number and area and bud *** parameters included defensive,nutritional and structural components of both foliage and *** Findings Clipping affected most of the growth parameters measured,decreasing tree height,leaf,stem,root and total tree mass and leaf *** trees had greater vertical growth,more leaves and higher specific leaf area(SLA)than unclipped *** saliva had little to no effect on plant growth response to the clipping *** budset was delayed by clipping and varied among genotypes but not in response to saliva *** also affected most of the phytochemical variables measure

关键词： ungulate browsing deer saliva defensive chemistry genetic variation Populus tremuloides tolerance

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Lipolysis supports bone formation by providing osteoblasts with endogenous fatty acid substrates to maintain bioenergetic status

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Bone Research 2023年第4期11卷 876-894页

作者： Ananya Nandy Ron C.M.Helderman Santosh Thapa Shobana Jayapalan alison Richards Nikita Narayani Michael P.Czech Clifford J.Rosen elizabeth Rendina-Ruedy Department of Medicine Division of Clinical PharmacologyVanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTN 37232USA Program in Molecular Medicine University of Massachusetts Chan Medical SchoolWorcesterMA 01605USA Maine Medical Center Research Institute ScarboroughMEUSA Molecular Physiology and Biophysics Vanderbilt UniversityNashvilleTN 37232USA

Bone formation is a highly energy-demanding process that can be impacted by metabolic *** has been considered the principal substrate for osteoblasts,although fatty acids are also important for osteoblast ***,we report that osteoblasts can derive energy from endogenous fatty acids stored in lipid droplets via lipolysis and that this process is critical for bone *** such,we demonstrate that osteoblasts accumulate lipid droplets that are highly dynamic and provide the molecular mechanism by which they serve as a fuel source for energy generation during osteoblast *** cytoplasmic lipolysis leads to both an increase in lipid droplet size in osteoblasts and an impairment in osteoblast *** fatty acids released by lipolysis from these lipid droplets become critical for cellular energy production as cellular energetics shifts towards oxidative phosphorylation during nutrient-depleted *** vivo,conditional deletion of the ATGL-encoding gene Pnpla2 in osteoblast progenitor cells reduces cortical and trabecular bone parameters and alters skeletal lipid ***,our data demonstrate that osteoblasts store fatty acids in the form of lipid droplets,which are released via lipolysis to support cellular bioenergetic status when nutrients are *** in this process result in impairment of bone formation,specifically reducing ATP production and overall osteoblast function.

关键词： endogenous maintain osteoblast

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Specificity of early-career general practitioners’problem formulations in patients presenting with dizziness:a cross-sectional analysis

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Family Medicine and Community Health 2021年第4期9卷 10-19,I0001,I0002页

作者： Jocelyn Ledger Amanda Tapley Christopher Levi Andrew Davey Mieke van Driel elizabeth G Holliday Jean Ball alison Fielding Neil Spike Kristen FitzGerald Parker Magin The University of Newcastle School of Medicine and Public Health CallaghanNew South WalesAustralia NSW&ACT Research and Evaluation Unit GP SynergyRegional Training OrganisationNewcastleNew South WalesAustralia The Sydney Partnership for Health EducationResearch and Enterprise(SPHERE)SydneyNew South WalesAustralia Department of Neurology John Hunter HospitalNewcastleNew South WalesAustralia Primary Care Clinical Unit The University of Queensland Faculty of MedicineBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia Clinical Research Design and Statistical Support Unit(CReDITSS) The University of Newcastle Hunter Medical Research InstituteNew LambtonNew South WalesAustralia Eastern Victoria General Practice Training Regional Training OrganisationHawthornVictoriaAustralia Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care The University of MelbourneMelbourneVictoriaAustralia General Practice Training Tasmania Regional Training OrganisationHobartTasmaniaAustralia University of Tasmania School of Medicine HobartTasmaniaAustralia

Objectives Dizziness is a common and challenging clinical presentation in general *** to determine specific aetiologies can lead to significant morbidity and *** aimed to establish frequency and associations of general practitioner(GP)trainees’(registrars’)specific vertigo provisional diagnoses and their non-specific symptomatic problem *** A cross-sectional analysis of Registrar Clinical Encounters in Training(ReCEnT)cohort study data between 2010 and *** is an ongoing,prospective cohort study of registrars in general practice training in *** collection occurs once every 6 months midtraining term(for three terms)and entails recording details of 60 consecutive clinical consultations on hardcopy case report *** outcome factor was whether dizziness-related or vertigo-related presentations resulted in a specific vertigo provisional diagnosis versus a non-specific symptomatic problem *** with patient,practice,registrar and consultation independent variables were assessed by univariate and multivariable logistic *** Australian general practice training *** training is regionalised and delivered by regional training providers(RTPs)(2010-2015)and regional training organisations(RTOs)(2016-2018)across Australia(from five states and one territory).Participants All general practice registrars enrolled with participating RTPs or RTOs undertaking GP training *** 2333 registrars(96%response rate)recorded 1734 new problems related to dizziness or *** these,546(31.5%)involved a specific vertigo diagnosis and 1188(68.5%)a non-specific symptom *** associated with a non-specific symptom diagnosis on multivariable analysis were lower socioeconomic status of the practice location(OR 0.94 for each decile of disadvantage,95%CIs 0.90 to 0.98)and longer consultation duration(OR 1.02,95%CIs 1.00 to 1.04).A specific vertigo diagnosis was associated wit

关键词： diagnosis formulation sectional

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A Pilot Survey of Mercury in Drugs, Cosmetics and Household Products Using Reliable Analytical Methods

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Journal of Cosmetics, Dermatological Sciences and Applications 2013年第4期3卷 256-262页

作者： Lian Liang John Gilkeson Ed Swain elizabeth bennett Maya Li Mei Deng Patrick Pang Cebam Analytical Inc. Bothell USA Minnesota Pollution Control Agency Environmental Assessment and Outcomes Division St. Paul USA Minnesota Pollution Control Agency Resource Management and Assistance Division St. Paul USA

The concentration of mercury (Hg) was accurately determined in more than 228 drugs, cosmetics and household products manufactured in a variety of countries. Some drugs were found to contain up to 4424 ppb Hg, and some skin creams contained up to 2769 ppm Hg. Hg in skin creams was found to be almost 100% elemental Hg (Hg0), a volatile species of Hg. Hg0 can enter the human body through inhalation and skin absorption, potentially resulting in the serious consequence of mercury poisoning. The mercury can also volatilize, contaminating the surrounding air. Other people, for example, infants and children, who are close to or contacting the skin of the person using the cosmetics, can also absorb the mercury. Total mercury (THg) was determined by combustion/trap/CVAFS. Methyl mercury (MeHg) and inorganic mercury (Hg2+) were determined by the ethylation based method. The emission of Hg0 was determined by evaporation/trap/CVAFS. All analyses were performed in accordance with explicit quality assurance and quality control protocols and procedures.

关键词： Mercury Speciation Drugs Cosmetics Households Reliable Methods

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感受恐惧,坚定行动

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信息方略 2009年第21期 59-62页

作者： elizabeth S.bennett 魏珺

问题PROBLEM在过去的3年中，企业一直承受着很多新技术的；中击，但是这些技术却被市场营销者、分析师、雇员、媒体认为对于企业没有太大价值。而社交媒介工具能够连接起那些原本就互不相识的人们，利用那些未曾开发过的、有独创性的想... 详细信息

问题PROBLEM在过去的3年中，企业一直承受着很多新技术的；中击，但是这些技术却被市场营销者、分析师、雇员、媒体认为对于企业没有太大价值。而社交媒介工具能够连接起那些原本就互不相识的人们，利用那些未曾开发过的、有独创性的想法，培养驱动创新的宝藏。

关键词：恐惧感受市场营销技术企业雇员

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Optimizing perioperative Crohn's disease management: Role of coordinated medical and surgical care

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2015年第4期21卷 1182-1188页

作者： Jennifer L bennett Christina Y Ha Jonathan E Efron Susan L Gearhart Mark G Lazarev elizabeth C Wick Department of Surgery The Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMD 21287United States Division of Gastroenterology the Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMD 21287United States Division of Digestive Diseases the David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los AngelesLos AngelesCA 90095United States

AIM: To investigate rates of re-establishing gastroenterology care, colonoscopy, and/or initiating me-dical therapy after Crohn's disease(CD) surgery at a tertiary care referral ***: CD patients having small bowel or ileocolonic resections with a primary anastomosis between 2009-2012 were identified from a tertiary academic referral center. CD-specific features, medications, and surgical outcomes were abstracted from the medical record. The primary outcome measure was compliance rates with medical follow-up within 4 wk of hospital discharge and surveillance colonoscopy within 12 mo of surgery. RESULTS: Eighty-eight patients met study inclusion criteria with 92%(n = 81) of patients returning for surgical follow-up compared to only 41%(n = 36) of patients with documented gastroenterology follow-up within four-weeks of hospital discharge, P < 0.05. Factors associated with more timely postoperative medical follow-up included younger age, longer length of hospitalization, postoperative biologic use and academic center patients. In the study cohort, 75.0% of patients resumed medical therapy within 12 mo, whereas only 53.4% of patients underwent a colonoscopy within 12 mo of ***: Our study highlights the need for coordinated CD multidisciplinary clinics and structured handoffs among providers to improve of quality of care in the postoperative setting.

关键词： Coordinated care Crohn’s disease Postoperative pro

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Evaluation of current surgeon practice for patients undergoing lumbar spinal fusion surgery in the United Kingdom

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World Journal of Orthopedics 2015年第6期6卷 483-490页

作者： alison Rushton Louise White alison Heap Nicola Heneghan School of Sport Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences College of Life and Environmental Sciences University of Birmingham University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust Queen Elizabeth Hospital Queen Elizabeth Medical Centre

AIM: To ascertain current surgeon practice in the United Kingdom National Health Service for the management of patients undergoing lumbar spinal fusion surgery. METHODS: Descriptive survey methodology utilised an online questionnaire administered through SurveyMonkey. Eligible participants were all surgeons currently carrying out lumbar spinal fusion surgery in the National Health Service. Two previous surveys and a recent systematic review informed questions. Statistical analyses included responder characteristics and pre-planned descriptive analyses. Open question data were interpreted using thematic ***: The response rate was 73.8%. Most surgeons(84%) were orthopaedic surgeons. Range of surgeon experience(1-15 years), number of operations performed in the previous 12 mo(4-250), and range of information used to predict outcome was broad. There was some consistency of practice: most patients were seen preoperatively; all surgeons ensured patients are mobile within 3 d of surgery; and there was agreement for the value of post-operative physiotherapy. However, there was considerable variability of practice: variability of protocols, duration of hospital stay, use of discharge criteria, frequency and timing of outpatient follow up, use of written patient information and outcome measures. Much variability was explained through patient-centred care, for example, 62% surgeons tailored functional advice to individual patients. CONCLUSION: Current United Kingdom surgeon practice for lumbar spinal fusion is described. The surgical procedure and patient population is diverse, and it is therefore understandable that management varies. It is evident that care should be patient-centred. However with high costs and documented patient dissatisfactionit is important that further research evaluates optimal management.

关键词： Lumbar spinal fusion Spinal surgery Surgeon practice Management Fusion

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Staphylococcus lugdunensis in children:A retrospective analysis

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Pediatric Investigation 2022年第3期6卷 163-170页

作者： Thomas Patrick Bowman Ashutosh Deshpande alison Balfour Kathleen Harvey-Wood Department of Microbiology Queen Elizabeth University HospitalGlasgowUK

Importance:Staphylococcus lugdunensis(***)is a coagulase-negative staphylococcus(CoNS),found commonly as skin flora in *** most species of CoNS are clinically benign,*** can exhibit a similar virulence to that ***,there is scant data *** infection in the pediatric ***:To ascertain *** infection rates and sensitivity patterns in the pediatric ***:A retrospective analysis was undertaken of *** isolates across a 6-year period from 2015 to *** were collected from electronic patient notes and laboratory ***-assisted laser desorption ionization and time of flight mass spectrometry were used to identify ***:Ninety-six isolates *** were identified from 86 *** these,34 isolates were treated as an ***-three(67.6%)were found to have skin as the primary source of *** the observed number was small,central nervous system(CNS)sources *** infection appear to be a significant source:all three isolates cultured from cerebrospinal fluid were clinically managed as *** three were associated with ventriculoperitoneal(VP)shunt *** cases *** infective endocarditis were *** 18.6%*** isolates were resistant to ***:*** is an uncommon but significant cause of infection in the pediatric population and appears to be a rising cause of CNS infection,particularly when associated with VP *** is recommended locally as the first choice of antibiotic.

关键词： Children Infection Pediatrics Staphylococcus lugdunensis

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