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Consistent individual differences in fathering in threespined stickleback Gasterosteus aculeatus

Current Zoology 2012年第1期58卷 45-52页

作者： Laura R Stein alison m bell Department of Animal Biology University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign Urbana IL 61801 USA.

There is growing evidence that individual animals show consistent differences in behavior. For example, individual threespined stickleback fish differ in how they react to predators and how aggressive they are during social interactions with con- specifics. A relatively unexplored but potentially important axis of variation is parental behavior. In sticklebacks, fathers provide all of the parental care that is necessary for offspring survival; therefore paternal care is directly tied to fitness. In this study, we assessed whether individual male sticklebacks differ consistently from each other in parental behavior. We recorded visits to nest, total time fanning, and activity levels of 11 individual males every day throughout one clutch, and then allowed the males to breed again. Half of the males were exposed to predation risk while parenting during the first clutch, and the other half of the males ex- perienced predation risk during the second clutch. We detected dranlatic temporal changes in parental behaviors over the course of the clutch： for example, total time fanning increased six-fold prior to eggs hatching, then decreased to approximately zero. De- spite these temporal changes, males retained their individually-distinctive parenting styles within a clutch that could not be ex- plained by differences in body size or egg mass. moreover, individual differences in parenting were maintained when males re- produced for a second time. males that were exposed to simulated predation risk briefly decreased fanning and increased activity levels. Altogether, these results show that individual sticklebacks consistently differ from each other in how they behave as parents [Current Zoology 58 （1）： 45-52, 2012].

关键词： Paternal care Personality Behavioral syndrome Fathers Temperament Antipredator behavior

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Regulator of G protein signaling 6 mediates exercise-induced recovery of hippocampal neurogenesis,learning,and memory in a mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第10期20卷 2969-2981页

作者： mackenzie m.Spicer Jianqi Yang Daniel Fu alison N.DeVore marisol Lauffer Nilufer S.Atasoy Deniz Atasoy Rory A.Fisher Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology University of Iowa Carver College of MedicineIowa CityIAUSA Iowa Neuroscience Institute University of Iowa Carver College of MedicineIowa CityIAUSA Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in molecular medicine University of Iowa Carver College of MedicineIowa CityIAUSA Neural Circuits and Behavior Core University of Iowa Carver College of MedicineIowa CityIAUSA

Hippocampal neuronal loss causes cognitive dysfunction in Alzheimer’s *** hippocampal neurogenesis is reduced in patients with Alzheimer’s *** stimulates adult hippocampal neurogenesis in rodents and improves memory and slows cognitive decline in patients with Alzheimer’s ***,the molecular pathways for exercise-induced adult hippocampal neurogenesis and improved cognition in Alzheimer’s disease are poorly ***,regulator of G protein signaling 6(RGS6)was identified as the mediator of voluntary running-induced adult hippocampal neurogenesis in ***,we generated novel RGS6fl/fl;APP_(SWE) mice and used retroviral approaches to examine the impact of RGS6 deletion from dentate gyrus neuronal progenitor cells on voluntary running-induced adult hippocampal neurogenesis and cognition in an amyloid-based Alzheimer’s disease mouse *** found that voluntary running in APP_(SWE) mice restored their hippocampal cognitive impairments to that of control *** cognitive rescue was abolished by RGS6 deletion in dentate gyrus neuronal progenitor cells,which also abolished running-mediated increases in adult hippocampal *** hippocampal neurogenesis was reduced in sedentary APP_(SWE) mice versus control mice,with basal adult hippocampal neurogenesis reduced by RGS6 deletion in dentate gyrus neural precursor ***6 was expressed in neurons within the dentate gyrus of patients with Alzheimer’s disease with significant loss of these RGS6-expressing ***,RGS6 mediated voluntary running-induced rescue of impaired cognition and adult hippocampal neurogenesis in APP_(SWE) mice,identifying RGS6 in dentate gyrus neural precursor cells as a possible therapeutic target in Alzheimer’s disease.

关键词： adult hippocampal neurogenesis Alzheimer’s disease dentate gyrus exercise learning/memory neural precursor cells regulator of G protein signaling 6(RGS6)

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Flexible synthesis of high-purity plasmonic assemblies

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Nano Research 2021年第3期14卷 635-645页

作者： Laurent Lermusiaux Anum Nisar alison m.Funston ARC Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science and School of Chemistry Monash UniversityClaytonVIC3800Australia

The self-assembly of nanoparticles has attracted a vast amount of attention due to the ability of the nanostructure to control light at the sub-wavelength scale,along with consequent strong electromagnetic field ***,most approaches developed for the formation of discrete assemblies are limited to a single and homogeneous system,and incorporation of larger or asymmetrical nanoparticles into assemblies with high purity remains a key ***,a simple and versatile approach to assemble nanoparticles of different sizes,shapes,and materials into various discrete homo-or hetero-structures using only two complementary deoxyribonucleic acid(DNA)strands is ***,surface functionalisation using DNA and alkyl-polyethylene glycol(PEG)enables transformation of as-synthesised nanoparticles into readily usable plasmonic building blocks for *** of the DNA coverage enables the production of different assembly types,such as homo-and hetero-dimers,trimers and tetramers and core-satellite structures,which are produced in high purity using electrophoresis *** approach is extended from purely plasmonic structures to incorporate(luminescent)semiconductor nanoparticles for formation of hybrid *** deposited assemblies form a high yield of specific geometrical arrangements,attributed to the van der Waals attraction between *** method will enable the development of new complex colloidal nanoassemblies for biological and optical applications.

关键词： deoxyribonucleic acid(DNA)self-assembly electrophoretic purification nanoparticle assemblies colloidal stability

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The influence of aspect ratio on the properties of cobalt nanowire-based magnetorheological fluids

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International Journal of Smart and Nano materials 2022年第4期13卷 626-642页

作者： R.C bell N.m Wereley Department of Chemistry The Pennsylvania State UniversityAltoona CollegeAltoonaPAUSA Department of Aerospace Engineering University of MarylandCollege ParkMdUSA

The yield stress of magnetorheological(mR)fluids has been shown to depend on particle morphology,but the exact nature of this contribution is still not fully *** this study,mR fluids containing 4 vol.%cobalt particles(spherical particles ***-wires)suspended in silicone oil were *** influence of the aspect ratio on the rheological properties of suspensions that contained cobalt nanowires with aspect ratios ranging from 10 to 101 in increments of~6 is *** cobalt nanowires were fabricated using alumina template-based electrodeposition,produ-cing wires with 305±66 nm *** shear stress was measured as a function of shear rate for increasing applied mag-netic *** apparent yield stress and viscosity as a function of changing aspect ratio of the nanowire suspensions were *** a saturated magnetic flux density,the yield stress was found to increase linearly up to an aspect ratio of 23(7.1μm long wires)at which time the yield stress reached a plateau of 3.7 kPa even as the aspect ratio was further *** a comparison,suspensions containing 4 vol.%1.6μm spherical cobalt particles only reached a maximum yield stress of 1.6 kPa.

关键词： magnetorheological fluids nanowires size dependence

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Spectroscopic investigations on Yb^3+ doped and Pr^3+/Yb^3+ codoped tellurite glasses for photonic applications

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Journal of Rare Earths 2021年第1期39卷 33-42,I0002页

作者： m.Seshadri m.J.V.bell V.Anjos Y.messaddeq Grupo de Engenharia e Espectroscopia de materiais Departamento de Fisica-ICEUniversidade Federal de Juiz de ForaJuiz de ForaMG36036-900Brazil Centre d'Optique Photonique et Laser2375 Rue de la TerrasseUniversite LavalQuebecQCG1V 0A6Canada

In this work we repo rt on structural and spect roscopic properties of Yb^3+doped and Pr^3+/Yb^3+co-doped TeO2-Bi2 O3-ZnO-Li2 O-Nb2 O5(TBZLN)tellurite *** and stretching modes of TeO2 and Te-OH bond(strong and weak)were analysed from the deconvolution of observed Raman and FT-IR *** on the absorption measurements,the energy bands of Yb^3+and Pr^3+ions are *** spectroscopic properties for the radiative transitions of Yb^3+and Pr^3+ions were reported using mcCumber and Judd-Ofelt *** emission bands originating from 3 P1 and 3 P0 to lower lying levels of Pr^3+were registered under 447 nm *** emission band around 1334 nm assigned to the Pr3:1 G4→3 H5 was observed when excited at 980 *** stimulated emission cross-section(σemi(λ))and effective linewidth(Δλeff)for the 3 P1→3 H6,3 P1→3 H5,3 P0→3 H6,3 P0→3 F2,3 P1→3 F3,3 P1→3 F4,3 P0→3 F4 and 1 G4→3 H5 transitions of Pr^3+are *** luminescence in Pr^3+/Yb^3+codoped glass upon 980 nm excitation was *** resonant transfer processes between Yb^3+and Pr^3+ions are presented and *** chromaticity co-ordinates were also evaluated from the visible emission spectra showing that Pr^3+/Yb^3+co-doped glass may be suitable for the development of yellow-orange(λexc=447 nm)and near white light(λexc=980 nm)emitting devices in photonics.

关键词： Rare earth ions Tellurite glass Spectroscopic properties Upconversion luminescence

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Biochar and Compost Increase Crop Yields but the Effect is Short Term on Sandplain Soils of Western Australia

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Pedosphere 2015年第5期25卷 720-728页

作者： David J.m.HALL Richard W.bell Department of Agriculture and Food School of Veterinary and Life Sciences Murdoch University

Sandplain soils on the south coast of Western Australia have low inherent fertility, which is mainly due to poor nutrient retention caused by insufficient clay and organic colloidal material. Previous research has shown the benefits in nutrient levels and retention from adding clay to sandplain soils; however, there is almost no information on the addition of organic amendments. A field experiment was established at the Esperance Downs Research Station, Western Australian, in may 2010, to assess the effects of wheat straw(WS) and chicken manure(Cm) biochars and compost with and without phosphorus(P) addition on soil properties and crop production over five growing seasons. The five seasons alternated between winter and summer crops. The Cm and WS biochar and compost treatments significantly increased crop yields and P uptake in 3, 2 and 1 of the five seasons, respectively. The yield increases(P more than 8%. By the end of the third season, no differences in crop yields were found that could be attributed to the organic amendments. The addition of P increased crop yields in each winter cropping season. Phosphorus addition explained more than 30%of the variation in crop yields. Despite marginal P levels and summer drought conditions, arbuscular mycorrhizal root colonisation was not affected by the organic amendments. There were no significant interactions between the organic amendments and P addition in terms of crop yields, P uptake or P uptake efficiency. We conclude that much of the effect of the organic amendments was due to direct nutrient addition which dissipated over time.

关键词： mycorrhizal root colonisation nutrient retention organic amendments P addition P uptake

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Potato aphid macrosiphum euphorbiae performance is determined by aphid genotype and not mycorrhizal fungi or water availability

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Insect Science 2017年第6期24卷 1015-1024页

作者： alison Jane Karley matthew Emslie-Smith alison Elizabeth Bennett Ecological Sciences The James Hutton Institute Invergowrie Dundee UK School of Biology University of St. Andrews St Andrews UK

Intra- and interspecific variation in plant and insect traits can alter the strength and direction of insect-plant interactions, with outcomes modified by soil biotic and abiotic conditions. We used the potato aphid （macrosiphum euphorbiae Thomas） feeding on cultivated Solanum tuberosum and wild Solanurn berthaulti to study the impact of water availability and plant mutualistic arbuscular mycorrhizal （Am） fungi on aphid performance and susceptibility to a parasitoid wasp （Aphidius ervi Haliday）. Plants were grown under glass with live or sterile Am fungal spores and supplied with sufficient or reduced water supply. Plants were infested with 1 of 3 genotypes ofm. euphorbiae or maintained as aphidfree controls; aphid abundance was scored after 1 week, after which aphid susceptibility to A. ervi was assayed explanta. Solarium tuberosum accumulated c. 20% more dry mass than S. berthaultii, and root mass of S. berthaultii was smallest under reduced water supply in the presence of Am fungi. Aphid abundance was lowest on S. berthaultii and highest for genotype ＂2＂ aphids; genotype ＂1＂ aphid density was particularly reduced on S. berthaultii. Aphid genotype ＂1＂ exhibited low susceptibility to parasitism and was attacked less frequently than the other two more susceptible aphid genotypes. Neither Am fungi nor water availability affected insect performance. Our study suggests a fitness trade-offin m. euphorbiae between parasitism resistance and aphid performance on poor quality Solarium hosts that warrants further exploration, and indicates the importance of accounting for genotype identity in determining the outcome of multitrophic interactions.

关键词： Aphidius ervi arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi multitrophic interaction parasitism resistance Solanum spp.

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Viability and hatchability of brine shrimp Artemia franciscana cysts after passing through the digestive system of eared grebes Podiceps nigricollis

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Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2023年第4期41卷 1300-1306页

作者： michael R.CONOVER mark E.bell Leah m.DELAHOUSSAYE Department of Wildland Resources and Ecology Center LoganUT 84322-5230USA

Brine shrimp Artemia franciscana provide food for many migrating and staging birds that spend summer and fall on Great Salt Lake,Utah,*** produce live young and cysts(hard-walled eggs);these cysts are commercially harvested on Great Salt Lake and support a large industry in *** is unclear the impact that millions of hungry birds have on the Artemia population in the *** help assess that,this study evaluated cyst viability(percentage of cysts that contain an embryo)and hatchability(percent of cysts that hatch)from cysts that had passed through the digestive tract of eared grebes Podiceps nigricollis and cysts obtained directly from Great Salt Lake at the same site where each grebe was *** was significantly higher for cysts collected from the water column(19%)than from the stomach(0.3%)or intestines(3%)of eared *** also was significantly different for cysts collected from the water column(29%),stomach(0.7%),and intestines(5%).These results indicate that eared grebes nutritionally benefit from eating cysts and that they may be an important food source for grebes in late fall after the adult population of Artemia dies off due to the water becoming too ***,enough cysts survive their passage through the digestive system that grebes can vector hatchable cysts to other waterbodies.

关键词： Artemia dispersal eared grebes hatchability invasive species Great Salt Lake salty lakes viability

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Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia and pneumomediastinum in an anti-TNFαnaive patient with ulcerative colitis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2009年第15期15卷 1897-1900页

作者： James C Lee Deborah C bell Richard m Guinness Tariq Ahmad Department of Gastroenterology Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital

We report the case of a 21-year-old man who was noted to have pneumomediastinum during an admission for an acute flare of ulcerative colitis. At that time, he was on maintenance treatment with azathioprine at a dose of 2.25 mg/kg per day, and had not received supplementary steroids for 9 mo. He had never received anti-tumor necrosis factor （TNF）α therapy. Shortly after apparently effective treatment with intravenous steroids and an increased dose of azathioprine, he developed worsening colitic and new respiratory symptoms, and was diagnosed with Pneumocystis jiroveci （carinii） pneumonia （PCP）. Pneumomediastinum is rare in immunocompetent hosts, but is a recognized complication of PCP in human immunodeficiency virus （HIV） patients, although our patient＇s HIV test was negative. Treatment of PCP with co-trimoxazole resulted in resolution of both respiratory and gastrointestinal symptoms, without the need to increase the steroid dose. There is increasing vigilance for opportunistic infections in patients with inflammatory bowel disease following the advent of anti-TNFα therapy. This case emphasizes the importance of considering the possibility of such infections in all patients with inflammatory bowel disease, irrespective of the immunosuppressants they receive, and highlights the potential of steroid-responsive opportunistic infections to mimic worsening colitic symptoms in patients with ulcerative colitis.

关键词： Pneumocystis jiroveci Ulcerative colitis Pneumomediastinum Azathioprine Corticosteroids

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Efficacy of morning-only 4 liter sulfa free polyethylene glycol vs 2 liter polyethylene glycol with ascorbic acid for afternoon colonoscopy

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第30期20卷 10620-10627页

作者： John m Rivas Alejro Perez marlow Hernez alison Schneider Ferno J Castro Digestive Disease Center Cleveland Clinic FloridaWestonFL 33331United States Department of Gastroenterology University of Medicine and Dentistry of New JerseyStratfordNJ 08084United States Department of Internal medicine Cleveland Clinic FloridaWestonFL 33331United States

AIm: To compare the bowel cleansing efficacy of same day ingestion of 4-L sulfa-free polyethylene glycol (4-L SF-PEG) vs 2-L polyethylene glycol solution with ascorbic acid (2-L PEG + Asc) in patients undergoing after... 详细信息

关键词： Bowel preparation Colonoscopy Screening colonoscopy Colon cancer screening

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