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Seeing the wood for the trees:hyperspectral imaging for high throughput QTL detection in raspberry,a perennial crop species

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Fruit Research 2021年第1期1卷 57-67页

作者： Dominic Williams Christine A.Hackett alison karley Susan McCallum Kay Smith Avril Britten Julie Graham James Hutton Institute Errol RoadDundee DD25DAUK Biomathematics and Statistics Scotland InvergowrieDundee DD25DAUK James Hutton Limited Errol RoadDundee DD25DAUK

Physiological and physical traits are excellent indicators of many crop characteristics,but precise phenotyping of these traits is time consuming and,therefore,limits progress in crop breeding and the speed of crop monitoring.Hyperspectral imaging offers an opportunity to overcome these barriers as a technique for high throughput field measurements.Using a recently developed hyperspectral imaging platform devised for plantations of the perennial crop raspberry,this study aimed to further develop the tool and test its capacity as an innovative approach for high throughput field phenotyping,data collection and analysis.Hyperspectral imaging and visual crop assessments were carried out over two growing seasons in a field-grown raspberry mapping population,and data were subject to Quantitative Trait Loci(QTL)analysis.The findings show that reflectance intensity at multiple wavelengths can be linked to known genetic markers in raspberry,and many of these‘spectral traits'are expressed consistently through the growing season and between years,for example spectral ratio 719 nm/691 nm shows up consistently as a QTL on LG4.Spectral traits were identified that co-located with previously mapped physical traits,such as 719 nm/691 nm and cane density.The study indicates that hyperspectral imaging can be used as an innovative approach for high throughput field phenotyping of raspberry and could be transferred readily to other perennial crops.Our approach provides a pipeline for automated field data collection and analysis that can be used for rapid QTL detection of spectral traits.

关键词： breeding consuming overcome

Potato aphid Macrosiphum euphorbiae performance is determined by aphid genotype and not mycorrhizal fungi or water availability

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Insect Science 2017年第6期24卷 1015-1024页

作者： alison Jane karley Matthew Emslie-Smith alison Elizabeth Bennett Ecological Sciences The James Hutton Institute Invergowrie Dundee UK School of Biology University of St. Andrews St Andrews UK

Intra- and interspecific variation in plant and insect traits can alter the strength and direction of insect-plant interactions, with outcomes modified by soil biotic and abiotic conditions. We used the potato aphid （Macrosiphum euphorbiae Thomas） feeding on cultivated Solanum tuberosum and wild Solanurn berthaulti to study the impact of water availability and plant mutualistic arbuscular mycorrhizal （AM） fungi on aphid performance and susceptibility to a parasitoid wasp （Aphidius ervi Haliday）. Plants were grown under glass with live or sterile AM fungal spores and supplied with sufficient or reduced water supply. Plants were infested with 1 of 3 genotypes ofM. euphorbiae or maintained as aphidfree controls; aphid abundance was scored after 1 week, after which aphid susceptibility to A. ervi was assayed explanta. Solarium tuberosum accumulated c. 20% more dry mass than S. berthaultii, and root mass of S. berthaultii was smallest under reduced water supply in the presence of AM fungi. Aphid abundance was lowest on S. berthaultii and highest for genotype ＂2＂ aphids; genotype ＂1＂ aphid density was particularly reduced on S. berthaultii. Aphid genotype ＂1＂ exhibited low susceptibility to parasitism and was attacked less frequently than the other two more susceptible aphid genotypes. Neither AM fungi nor water availability affected insect performance. Our study suggests a fitness trade-offin M. euphorbiae between parasitism resistance and aphid performance on poor quality Solarium hosts that warrants further exploration, and indicates the importance of accounting for genotype identity in determining the outcome of multitrophic interactions.

关键词： Aphidius ervi arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi multitrophic interaction parasitism resistance Solanum spp.

ENABLING CROP DIVERSIFICATION TO SUPPORT TRANSITIONS TOWARD MORE SUSTAINABLE EUROPEAN AGRIFOOD SYSTEMS

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Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2021年第3期8卷 474-480页

作者： Antoine MESSEAN Loïc VIGUIER Lise PARESYS Jean-Noel AUBERTOT Stefano CANALI Pietro IANNETTA Eric JUSTES alison karley Beatrix KEILLOR Laura KEMPER Frédéric MUEL Barbara PANCINO Didier STILMANT Christine WATSON Helga WILLER Raul ZORNOZA French National Institute for Agriculture Food and Environment(INRAE)Eco-InnovF-78850 Thiverval-GrignonFrance French National Institute for Agriculture Food and Environment(INRAE)UMR AGIRToulouseFrance Council for Agricultural Research and Economics-Research Centre for Agriculture and Environment(CREA-AA) 00184 RomeItaly The James Hutton Institute InvergowrieDundeeDD25DAUK French Agricultural Research Centre for International Development(CIRAD) Persyst DepartmentF-34398 MontpellierFrance Research Institute of Organic Agriculture(FiBL) 5070 FrickSwitzerland Terres Inovia F-78850 Thiverval-GrignonFrance University of Tuscia Department of EconomicsEngineeringSociety and Business Organization01100 ViterboItaly Wallon Agricultural Research Centre(CRA-W) Sustainabilitysystems and prospectives DepartmentB-6800 LibramontBelgium Scotland’s Rural College(SRUC) Craibstone EstateAberdeen AB219YAUK Technical University of Cartagena Department of Agricultural EngineeringCartagenaSpain

European cropping systems are often characterized by short rotations or even monocropping,leading to environmental issues such as soil degradation,water eutrophication,and air pollution including greenhouse gas emissions,that contribute to climate change and biodiversity loss.The use of diversification practices(i.e.,intercropping,multiple cropping including cover cropping and rotation extension),may help enhance agrobiodiversity and deliver ecosystem services while developing new value chains.Despite its benefits,crop diversification is hindered by various technical,organizational,and institutional barriers along value chains(input industries,farms,trading and processing industries,retailers,and consumers)and within sociotechnical systems(policy,research,education,regulation and advisory).Six EU-funded research projects have joined forces to boost crop diversification by creating the European Crop Diversification Cluster(CDC).This Cluster aggregates research,innovation,commercial and citizen-focused partnerships to identify and remove barriers across the agrifood system and thus enables the uptake of diversification measures by all European value-chain stakeholders.The CDC will produce a typology of barriers,develop tools to accompany actors in their transition,harmonize the use of multicriteria assessment indicators,prepare policy recommendations and pave the way for a long-term network on crop diversification.

关键词： crop rotation lock-in intercropping multiple cropping networking

HARNESSING ECOLOGICAL PRINCIPLES AND PHYSIOLOGIC MECHANISMS IN DIVERSIFYING AGRICULTURAL SYSTEMS FOR SUSTAINABILITY:EXPERIENCE FROM STUDIES DEPLOYING NATUR-EBASED SOLUTIONS IN SCOTLAND

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Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2022年第2期9卷 214-237页

作者： Timothy S.GEORGE Cathy HAWES Tracy A.VALENTINE alison J.karley Pietro P.M.IANNETTA Robin W.BROOKER Ecological Sciences Department The James Hutton InstituteInvergowrieDundeeDD25DAUK

To achieve the triple challenge of food security,reversing biodiversity declines plus mitigating and adapting to climate change,there is a drive to embed ecological principles into agricultural,value-chain practices and decisionmaking.By diversifying cropping systems at several scales there is potential to decrease reliance on inputs,provide resilience to abiotic and biotic stress,enhance plant,microbe and animal biodiversity,and mitigate against climate change.In this review we highlight the research performed in Scotland over the past 5 years into the impact of the use of ecological principles in agriculture on sustainability,resilience and provision of ecosystem functions.We demonstrate that diversification of the system can enhance ecosystem functions.Soil and plant management interventions,including nature-based solutions,can also enhance soil quality and utilization of legacy nutrients.Additionally,this is facilitated by greater reliance on soil biological processes and trophic interactions.We highlight the example of intercropping with legumes to deliver sustainability through ecological principles and use legumes as an exemplar of the innovation.We conclude that there are many effective interventions that can be made to deliver resilient,sustainable,and diverse agroecosystems for crop and food production,and these may be applicable in any agroecosystem.

关键词： diversification ecological principles legumes plant management soil management soil ecosystem services

The price of protection:a defensive endosymbiont impairs nymph growth in the bird cherry-oat aphid,Rhopalosiphum padi

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Insect Science 2020年第1期27卷 69-85页

作者： Daniel J.Leyboume Jorunn I.B.Bos Tracy A.Valentine alison J.karley Division of Plant Sciences School of Life SciencesUniversity of DundeeDundeeU K Cell and Molecular Sciences the James Hutton InstituteInvergowrieDundeeUK Ecological Sciences the James Hutton InstituteInvergowrieDundeeUK

Bacterial endosymbionts have enabled aphids to adapt to a range of stressors,but their effects in many aphid species remain to be established.The bird cherry-oat aphid,Rhopalosiphum padi(Linnaeus),is an important pest of cereals worldwide and has been reported to form symbiotic associations with Serratia symbiotica and Sitobion miscanthi L-type symbiont endobacteria,although the resulting aphid phenotype has not been described.This study presents the first report of R.padi infection with the facultative bacterial endosymbiont Hamiltonella defensa.Individuals of R.padi were sampled from populations in Eastern Scotland,UK,and shown to represent seven R.padi genotypes based on the size of polymorphic microsatellite markers;two of these genotypes harbored H.defensa.In parasitism assays,survival of H.defensa-infected nymphs following attack by the parasitoid wasp Aphidius colemani(Viereck)was 5 fold higher than for uninfected nymphs.Aphid genotype was a major determinant of aphid performance on two Hordeum species,a modern cultivar of barley H.vulgare and a wild relative H.spontaneum,although aphids infected with H.defensa showed 16%lower nymph mass gain on the partially resistant wild relative compared with uninfected individuals.These findings suggest that deploying resistance traits in barley will favor the fittest R.padi genotypes,but symbiontinfected individuals will be favored when parasitoids are abundant,although these aphids will not achieve optimal performance on a poor quality host plant.

关键词： cereal aphid Hamiltonella defensa Hordeum spontaneum Hordeum vulgare symbiosis

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作物生产系统中的植物多样性与生态集约化

Journal of Plant Ecology 2023年第6期16卷 16-30页

作者： Rob W.Brooker Cathy Hawes Pietro P.M.Iannetta alison J.karley Delphine Renard Ecological Sciences The James Hutton InstituteInvergowrieDundee DD25DAUK CEFE Univ MontpellierCNRSEPHEIRDMontpellierFrance

生态集约化是指通过强化生态系统服务实现以补充或替代人为输入来维持或增加产量的目标。生态集约化具有提高农业环境可持续性的潜力,例如通过降低对环境不利的管理活动而又维持产量。生态集约化基于生态过程,而这些过程受到生物多样性... 详细信息

生态集约化是指通过强化生态系统服务实现以补充或替代人为输入来维持或增加产量的目标。生态集约化具有提高农业环境可持续性的潜力,例如通过降低对环境不利的管理活动而又维持产量。生态集约化基于生态过程,而这些过程受到生物多样性的影响。本文综述了多空间尺度下生物多样性,特别是维管植物多样性如何调节与生态集约化相关的生态过程。在植物个体基因型水平上,功能性状的互补性直接影响生产力;在田块内种群水平上,作物混合类型具有抗灾能力,以减少病虫害的发生和传播的风险;尺度转换到田间水平,非作物植物类型(如杂草)的多样性为田块内的功能过程提供了必要的资源,包括地下(碳输入、分解)和地上(传粉媒介和天敌的资源连续性)。在景观尺度上,半自然和管理的植被嵌合体通过减轻洪涝和干旱风险、改善气候和调节虫害种群,为抵御极端事件提供缓冲。总体而言,上述强调了尺度异质性在农田维持生态系统功能的重要性。本综述的主要研究挑战包括:1)将植物功能多样性(从性状到栖息地尺度)更好地整合到种植系统设计中;2)量化植物多样性相对于其他管理选项对有效生态集约化的可能互动贡献,3)并通过有针对性的管理优化生物多样性的系统功能优势,以实现具有弹性、高效和高产的农业生态系统。

关键词：生态集约化植物多样性可持续农业间作作物混作生态系统功能生态系统服务