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Growth and chemical responses of trembling aspen to simulated browsing and ungulate saliva

Journal of Plant ecology 2016年第4期9卷 474-484页

作者： Ken Keefover-Ring Kennedy F.Rubert-Nason alison e.bennett Richard L.Lindroth Department of entomology University of Wisconsin-Madison1630 Linden Dr.MadisonWI 53706USA The James Hutton Institute InvergowrieDundee DD25DAScotlandUK

Aims Woody plant-browser systems represent an understudied facet of *** subjected four genotypes of trembling aspen to artificial browsing,similar to that of a large mammalian herbivore,and applied deer saliva to clipped and unclipped trees to assess:(i)the effects of artificial browsing on aspen growth and phytochemistry of leaves and stems,(ii)genotypic variation in responses and(iii)potential alterations of responses by mammalian *** Potted aspen trees were grown outdoors on the University of Wisconsin-Madison *** experiment consisted of a fullycrossed,2×2×4 randomized complete block design,with two levels of artificial browsing(unclipped and clipped),two levels of saliva application(no saliva and saliva)and four aspen *** simulate ungulate browsing damage,we removed the upper 50%of the stem of half of the trees by pinching the stem with needle-nosed pliers and then separating it by *** half of the damaged trees,we immediately swabbed the wound with deer *** in the unclipped plus saliva treatment were swabbed with saliva at the 50%height *** assess the effects of clipping and saliva application,we harvested all trees after 2 months and measured various growth and chemical *** measurements included height,vertical growth,mass of leaves,stems and roots,leaf number and area and bud *** parameters included defensive,nutritional and structural components of both foliage and *** Findings Clipping affected most of the growth parameters measured,decreasing tree height,leaf,stem,root and total tree mass and leaf *** trees had greater vertical growth,more leaves and higher specific leaf area(SLA)than unclipped *** saliva had little to no effect on plant growth response to the clipping *** budset was delayed by clipping and varied among genotypes but not in response to saliva *** also affected most of the phytochemical variables measure

关键词： ungulate browsing deer saliva defensive chemistry genetic variation Populus tremuloides tolerance

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Potato aphid Macrosiphum euphorbiae performance is determined by aphid genotype and not mycorrhizal fungi or water availability

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Insect Science 2017年第6期24卷 1015-1024页

作者： alison Jane Karley Matthew emslie-Smith alison elizabeth bennett ecological Sciences The James Hutton Institute Invergowrie Dundee UK School of Biology University of St. Andrews St Andrews UK

Intra- and interspecific variation in plant and insect traits can alter the strength and direction of insect-plant interactions, with outcomes modified by soil biotic and abiotic conditions. We used the potato aphid （Macrosiphum euphorbiae Thomas） feeding on cultivated Solanum tuberosum and wild Solanurn berthaulti to study the impact of water availability and plant mutualistic arbuscular mycorrhizal （AM） fungi on aphid performance and susceptibility to a parasitoid wasp （Aphidius ervi Haliday）. Plants were grown under glass with live or sterile AM fungal spores and supplied with sufficient or reduced water supply. Plants were infested with 1 of 3 genotypes ofM. euphorbiae or maintained as aphidfree controls; aphid abundance was scored after 1 week, after which aphid susceptibility to A. ervi was assayed explanta. Solarium tuberosum accumulated c. 20% more dry mass than S. berthaultii, and root mass of S. berthaultii was smallest under reduced water supply in the presence of AM fungi. Aphid abundance was lowest on S. berthaultii and highest for genotype ＂2＂ aphids; genotype ＂1＂ aphid density was particularly reduced on S. berthaultii. Aphid genotype ＂1＂ exhibited low susceptibility to parasitism and was attacked less frequently than the other two more susceptible aphid genotypes. Neither AM fungi nor water availability affected insect performance. Our study suggests a fitness trade-offin M. euphorbiae between parasitism resistance and aphid performance on poor quality Solarium hosts that warrants further exploration, and indicates the importance of accounting for genotype identity in determining the outcome of multitrophic interactions.

关键词： Aphidius ervi arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi multitrophic interaction parasitism resistance Solanum spp.

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Root symbionts： Powerful drivers of plant above- and belowground indirect defenses

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Insect Science 2017年第6期24卷 947-960页

作者： Sergio Rasmann alison bennett Arjen Biere alison Karley emilio Guerrieri Institute of Biology University of Neuchatel Neuchatel Switzerland Department of ecological Sciences James Hutton Institute Dundee UK Netherlands Institute of ecology Wageningen the Netherlands Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection National Research Council of Italy Portici Italy

Soil microbial mutualists of plants, including mycorrhizal ftmgi, non- mycorrhizal fungi and plant growth promoting rhizobacteria, have been typically characterized for increasing nutrient acquisition and plant growth. More recently, soil microbes have also been shown to increase direct plant defense against above- and below- ground herbivores. Plants, however, do not only rely on direct defenses when attacked, but they can also recruit pest antagonists such as predators and parasitoids, both above and belowground, mainly via the release of volatile organic compounds （i.e., indirect defenses）. In this review, we illustrate the main features and effects of soil microbial mutualists of plants on plant indirect defenses and discuss possible applications within the framework of sustainable crop protection against root- and shoot-feeding arthropod pests. We indicate the main knowledge gaps and the future challenges to be addressed in the study and application of these rnultifaceted interactions.

关键词： arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi crop protection entomopathogenic nematodes plant growth promoting rhizobacteria Trichoderma

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INVeRSION OF THe BReMMeR SeRIeS

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Journal of Computational Mathematics 2017年第5期35卷 586-599页

作者： Hala A.H. Shehadeh alison e. Malcolm John C. Schotland Department of Mathematics and Statistics James Madison University Harrisonburg VA 22801 earth Sciences Department Memorial University of Newfoundland St John's Canada Department of Mathematics and Department of Physics University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA

We consider the inverse backscattering problem for scalar waves in one dimension. We analyze the convergence of the inverse Bremmer series in this context and study its use in numerical simulations.

关键词： Inverse scattering.

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Iodoacetic acid exposure alters the transcriptome in mouse ovarian antral follicles

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Journal of environmental Sciences 2022年第7期34卷 46-57页

作者： Andressa Gonsioroski Mary Laws Vasiliki e.Mourikes alison Neff Jenny Drnevich Michael J.Plewa Jodi A.Flaws Department of Comparative Biosciences University of Illinois Urbana-ChampaignUrbanaIllinois 61801USA Roy J.Carver Biotechnology Center University of Illinois Urbana-ChampaignUrbanaIllinois 61801USA Department of Crop Sciences and the Safe Global Water Institute University of Illinois Urbana-ChampaignUrbanaIllinois 61801USA

Iodoacetic acid(IAA) is an unregulated water disinfection byproduct that is an ovarian toxicant. However, the mechanisms of action underlying IAA toxicity in ovarian follicles remain unclear. Thus, we determined whether IAA alters gene expression in ovarian follicles in mice. Adult female mice were dosed with water or IAA(10 or 500 mg/L) in the water for 35-40 days. Antral follicles were collected for RNA-sequencing analysis and sera were collected to measure estradiol. RNA-sequencing analysis identified 1063 differentially expressed genes(DeGs) in the 10 and 500 mg/L IAA groups(false discovery rate FDR espectively, compared to controls. Gene Ontology enrichment analysis showed that DeGs were involved with RNA processing and regulation of angiogenesis(10 mg/L) and the cell cycle and cell division(500 mg/L). Pathway enrichment analysis showed that DeGs were involved in the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and protein kinase B(PI3K-Akt), gonadotropin-releasing hormone(Gn RH), estrogen, and insulin signaling pathways(10 mg/L). Pathway enrichment analysis showed that DeGs were involved in the oocyte meiosis, Gn RH, and oxytocin signaling pathways(500 mg/L). RNA-sequencing analysis identified 809 DeGs when comparing the 500 and 10 mg/L IAA groups(FDR eGs were related to ribosome, translation, m RNA processing, oxidative phosphorylation, chromosome, cell cycle, cell division, protein folding, and the oxytocin signaling pathway. Moreover, IAA exposure significantly decreased estradiol levels(500 mg/L) compared to control. This study identified key candidate genes and pathways involved in IAA toxicity and can help to further understand the molecular mechanisms of IAA toxicity in ovarian follicles.

关键词： Disinfection byproducts Iodoacetic acid Ovary Ovarian follicles Steroidogenesis endocrine disruptors

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GMOs in animal agriculture: time to consider both costs and benefits in regulatory evaluations

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2014年第1期5卷 1-14页

作者： alison L Van eenennaam Department of Animal Science 2113 Meyer Hall University of California One Shields Avenue Davis CA 95616 USA

In 2012, genetically engineered （Ge） crops were grown by 17.3 million farmers on over 170 million hectares. Over 70% of harvested Ge biomass is fed to food producing animals, making them the major consumers of Ge crops for the past 15 plus years. Prior to commercialization, Ge crops go through an extensive regulatory evaluation. Over one hundred regulatory submissions have shown compositional equivalence, and comparable levels of safety, between Ge crops and their conventional counterparts. One component of regulatory compliance is whole Ge food/feed animal feeding studies. Both regulatory studies and independent peer-reviewed studies have shown that Ge crops can be safely used in animal feed, and rDNA fragments have never been detected in products （e.g. milk, meat, eggs） derived from animals that consumed Ge feed. Despite the fact that the scientific weight of evidence from these hundreds of studies have not revealed unique risks associated with Ge feed, some groups are calling for more animal feeding studies, including long-term rodent studies and studies in target livestock species for the approval of Ge crops. It is an opportune time to review the results of such studies as have been done to date to evaluate the value of the additional information obtained. Requiring long-term and target animal feeding studies would sharply increase regulatory compliance costs and prolong the regulatory process associated with the commercialization of Ge crops. Such costs may impede the development of feed crops with enhanced nutritional characteristics and durability, particularly in the local varieties in small and poor developing countries. More generally it is time for regulatory evaluations to more explicitly consider both the reasonable and unique risks and benefits associated with the use of both Ge plants and animals in agricultural systems, and weigh them against those associated with existing systems, and those of regulatory inaction. This would represent a shift away

关键词： Cost: benefit analysis Genetic engineering GMO Regulation Risk assessment Safety

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Ovine hippocampal mRNA expression in offspring from dams supplemented with fishmeal and stress challenged in late pregnancy with endotoxin

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Animal Nutrition 2017年第1期3卷 39-45页

作者： Niel A.Karrow alison V.Lee Margaret Quinton Brian W.McBride Rebecca e.Fisher-Heffernan Department of Animal Biosciences University of Guelph

Previous research has shown that adulthood disease can be attributed to stress events that occur during gestation. The objective of the present study was to determine whether maternal stress during late pregnancy, using a bacterial endotoxemia model, causes changes in hippocampal mRNA expression of candidate genes related to hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis(HPAA) regulation in sheep. This study also sought to investigate whether maternal diets supplemented with fishmeal(FM) rich in omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids(PUFAs) offer protection to the fetus when subjected to maternal endotoxin stress. Using RT-qPCR, relative mRNA expression was assessed in both fetal lambs and 6-month-old lambs from dams supplemented with soybean meal(SM) or FM and challenged with either endotoxin or saline. From this it was found that fetal mineralocorticoid receptor(MR) gene expression had a tendency to be altered during endotoxin challenge, however, in the 6-month-old offspring, MR and glucocorticoid receptor(GR) gene expression were differently altered across treatment groups. These results suggest that gene regulation within the hippocampus is altered into adulthood by maternal endotoxin stress and that dietary supplementation affects outcome.

关键词： Maternal stress endotoxin Sheep Offspring Hippocampus Gene expression

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This work was supported by the european Research Council Advanced Grant(eTAP-742985 to *** J.F.)and by the Ministry of Science and Technology(grant 110-2636-B-005-001 to K.-J.L.).

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Plant Communications 2024年第1期5卷 130-147页

作者： Yu Zhang Yuan Fu Wenfei Xian Xiuli Li Yong Feng Fengjiao Bu Yan Shi Shiyu Chen Robin van Velzen Kai Battenberg alison M.Berry Marco G.Salgado Hui Liu Tingshuang Yi Pascale Fournier Nicole Alloisio Petar Pujic Hasna Boubakri M.eric Schranz Pierre-Marc Delaux Gane Ka-Shu Wong Valerie Hocher Sergio Svistoonoff Hassen Gherbi ertao Wang Wouter Kohlen Luis G.Wall Martin Parniske Katharina Pawlowski Philippe Normand Jeffrey J.Doyle Shifeng Cheng Shenzhen Branch Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern AgricultureGenome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of AgricultureAgricultural Genomics Institute at ShenzhenChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesShenzhen 518124China Biosystematics Group Department of Plant SciencesWageningen University6708PB Wageningenthe Netherlands Department of Plant Sciences University of CaliforniaDavisDavisCA 95616USA Department of ecology Environment and Plant SciencesStockholm University10691 StockholmSweden Germplasm Bank of Wild Species Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesLanhei RoadKunming 650201China Universite´de Lyon Universite´Lyon 1CNRSUMR5557Ecologie MicrobienneINRAUMR 141843 bd du 11 novembre 191869622 VilleurbanneFrance Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Ve´ge´tales(LRSV) Universite´de ToulouseCNRSUPS24 chemin de Borde RougeAuzevilleBP4261731326 Castanet TolosanFrance Department of Biological Sciences University of AlbertaEdmontonAB T6G 2E9Canada French National Research Institute for Sustainable Development(IRD) UMR LSTM(IRD/CIRAD/INRAe/Montpellier University/Supagro)-Campus International BaillarguetTA A-82/J34398 Montpellier Cedex 5France National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant SciencesInstitute of Plant Physiology and EcologySIBSChinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina Laboratory of Molecular Biology Department of Plant SciencesWageningen University6708PB Wageningenthe Netherlands Laboratory of Biochemistry Microbiology and Soil Biological InteractionsDepartment of Science and TechnologyNational University of QuilmesCONICETBernalArgentina Faculty of Biology GeneticsLMU MunichGroßhaderner Strasse 2-482152 MartinsriedGermany School of Integrative Plant Science Sections of Plant Biology and Plant Breeding&GeneticsCornell UniversityIthacaNY 14853USA State Key Laboratory of Systematic and evolutionary Botany Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100093China Univer

Plant root-nodule symbiosis(RNS)with mutualistic nitrogen-fixing bacteria is restricted to a single clade of angiosperms,the Nitrogen-Fixing Nodulation Clade(NFNC),and is best understood in the legume *** species share many commonalities,explained either by divergence from a common ancestor over 100 million years ago or by convergence following independent origins over that same time ***,comparative analyses of diverse nodulation syndromes can provide insights into constraints on nodulation—what must be acquired or cannot be lost for a functional symbiosis—and the latitude for Plant Communications Genomic landscape of nodulation variation in the ***,much remains to be learned about nodulation,especially outside of ***,we employed a large-scale phylogenomic analysis across 88 species,complemented by 151 RNA-seq libraries,to elucidate the evolution of *** phylogenomic analyses further emphasize the uniqueness of the transcription factor NIN as a master regulator of nodulation and identify key muta-tions that affect its function across the *** transcriptomic assessment revealed nodule-specific upregulated genes across diverse nodulating plants,while also identifying nodule-specific and nitrogen-response *** 70%of symbiosis-related genes are highly conserved in the four representative species,whereas defense-related and host-range restriction genes tend to be lineage *** study also identified over 900000 conserved non-coding elements(CNes),over 300000 of which are unique to sampled NFNC ***-specific CNes are enriched with the active H3K9ac mark and are correlated with accessible chromatin regions,thus representing a pool of candidate regula-tory elements for genes involved in ***,our results provide novel insights into the evolution of nodulation and lay a foundation for engineering of RNS traits in agriculturally important crops.

关键词： nitrogen-fixing root-nodule symbiosis two competing hypotheses phylogenomics phylotranscrip-tomics conserved non-coding elements convergence deep homology

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Variability and change of climate extremes from indigenous herder knowledge and at meteorological stations across central Mongolia

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Frontiers of earth Science 2020年第2期14卷 286-297页

作者： Sukh TUMeNJARGAL Steven RFASSNACHT Niah BHVeNABLe alison PKINGSTON Maria eFeRNANDeZ-GIMeNeZ Batjav BATBUYAN Melinda JLAITURI Martin KAPPAS GADYABADAM eSS-Watershed Science Colorado State UniversityFort Collins ColoradoCO 80523-1476USA Cabinet Secretariat of Government of Mongolia State HouseUlaanbaatar City 14201Mongolia Natural Resources ecology Laboratory Fort Collins ColoradoCO 80523-1499USA Cooperative Institute for Research in the Atmosphere Fort Collins ColoradoCO 80523-1375USA Cartography GIS and Remote Sensing DepartmentInstitute of GeographyGeorg-August Universität GöttingenGöttingen 37007Germany FRS-Rangeland Science Colorado State UniversityFort Collins ColoradoCO 80523-1472USA Center for Nomadic Pastoralism Studies Ulaanbaatar 210620Mongolia Institute of Meteorology Hydrology and the EnvironmentUlaanbaatar 210620Mongolia

In semi-arid regions,air temperatures have increased in the last decades more than in many other parts of the *** has an arid/semi-arid climate and much of the population are herders whose livelihoods depend upon limited water resources that fluctuate with a variable *** were surveyed to identify their observations of changes in climate extremes for two soums of central Mongolia,Ikh-Tamir in the forest steppe north of the Khangai Mountains and Jinst in the desert steppe south of the *** herders’indigenous knowledge of changes in climate extremes mostly aligned with the station-based analyses of *** were warming with more warm days and nights at all *** were fewer cool days and nights observed at the mountain stations both in the summer and winter,yet more cool days and nights were observed in the winter at the desert steppe *** number of summer days is increasing while the number of frost days is decreasing at all *** results of this study support further use of local knowledge and meteorological observations to provide more holistic analysis of climate change in different regions of the world.

关键词： climate change climate extreme indices indigenous knowledge systems temperature precipitation

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“Follow You，Learn Well”一名身处中国网络语言教育环境的英语母语者的人种学分析

“Follow You，Learn Well”一名身处中国网络语言教育环境的英语...

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作者： alison e Jarrett 复旦大学

学位级别：硕士

远程协作式语言学习和社交网络领域的研究表明,社会群体是成功的语言学习协作中必不可少的一部分,但唯有依赖全面深度的跨文化沟通,社会群体才能蓬勃发展。目前关于中国网民的行为模式已有大量研究,多以满意度分析为主要形式。本文首次... 详细信息

远程协作式语言学习和社交网络领域的研究表明,社会群体是成功的语言学习协作中必不可少的一部分,但唯有依赖全面深度的跨文化沟通,社会群体才能蓬勃发展。目前关于中国网民的行为模式已有大量研究,多以满意度分析为主要形式。本文首次尝试从人种学的角度探讨中国的社交网络环境。通过参与者观察和专家采访,本文的调研结果一方面为现存的中国网民行为研究提供了新的有力支持,另一方面也介绍了语言学习环境中有关中国网民特征的四个新课题。另外,本文也为跨文化理解的研究奠定了基础,惠及未来的中英文远程协作式语言交流项目,为交流人员和中国网络社区中的英语教师提供了独到的见解和指导方针。

关键词：远程协作式语言学习中国网民知识交流中国网络社区

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