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Inhibition of Ehrlich ascites carcinoma growth by melatonin:studies with micro-CT

Oncology Research 2024年第1期32卷 175-185页

作者： sEHER YILMAZ ZÜLEYHA DOĞANYIĞIT merT OCAK EVRIM sUNA ARIKAN sÖYLEMEZ AsLI OKAN OFLAMAZ sÜMEYYE UÇAR ŞÜkrÜATEŞ AMMAD AHMAD FAROOQI Department of Anatomy Faculty of MedicineYozgat Bozok UniversityYozgatTurkey Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Case Western Reserve UniversityClevelandOhioUSA Department of Histology and Embriology Faculty of MedicineYozgat Bozok UniversityYozgatTurkey Department of Anatomy Faculty of DentistryAnkara UniversityAnkaraTurkey Department of Medical Biology Faculty of MedicineAfyonkarahisar Health Sciences UniversityAfyonTurkey Department of Anatomy Faculty of MedicineErciyes UniversityKayseriTurkey Department of Molecular Oncology Institute of Biomedical and Genetic Engineering(IBGE)IslamabadPakistan

Melatonin is a versatile indolamine synthesized and secreted by the pineal gland in response to the photoperiodic information received by the retinohypothalamic signaling *** has many benefits,such as organizing circadian rhythms and acting as a powerful *** aimed to show the antitumor effects of melatonin in both in vivo and in vitro models through the mammalian target of rapamycin(mTOR)signaling pathway and the Argyrophilic Nucleolar Regulatory Region(AgNOR),using the Microcomputed Tomography(Micro CT).Ehrlich ascites carcinoma(EAC)cells were administered into the mice by subcutaneous *** with solid tumors were injected intraperitoneally with 50 and 100 mg/kg melatonin for 14 *** measurements for the taken tumors were made with micro-CT imaging,immunohistochemistry(IHC),real-time polymerase chain reaction(PCR)and ***,the tumor tissue volume in the Tumor+100 mg/kg melatonin group was significantly lower than that in the other groups in the data obtained from micro-CT *** the IHC analysis,the groups treated with Tumor+100 mg/kg melatonin were compared when the mTOR signaling pathway and factor 8(F8)expression were compared with the control *** was determined that there was a significant decrease(psignificant differences were found in the total AgNOR area/nuclear area(taA/NA)ratio in the treatment groups(psignificant differences between the amount of mTOR mRNA for the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase(PI3K),AKT serine/Threonine Kinase(PKB/AKT)genes(psis was evaluated with Annexin V in an in vitro study with different doses of melatonin;It was observed that 100µg/mL melatonin dose caused an increase in the apoptotic cell *** this study,we have reported anti-tumor effects of melatonin in cell culture studies as well as in mice *** characterization of the melatonin-mediated cancer inhibitory effects will be valuable in advanc

关键词： signaling pathway Apoptosis Real-time PCR AgNOR

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Comparative analysis of microstructure,mechanical,and corrosion properties of biodegradable Mg-3Y alloy prepared by selective laser melting and spark plasma sintering

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2024年第4期12卷 1496-1510页

作者： P.Minárik M.Zemková s.Šašek J.Dittrich M.Knapek F.Lukáˇc D.Koutný J.Jaroš R.král Faculty of Mathematics and Physics Charles UniversityKe Karlovu 5Praha 12116Czech Republic Research Centre University ofŽilinaUniverzitná8215/1Žilina 01026Slovakia Institute of Plasma Physics of the Czech Academy of sciences Za Slovankou 1782/318200 Praha 8Czech Republic Institute of Machine and Industrial Design Brno University of TechnologyTechnická2896/2Brno 61669Czech Republic

This work explored possibilities of biodegradable magnesium alloy Mg-3Y preparation by two modern powder metallurgy techniques–spark plasma sintering(sPs)and selective laser melting(sLM).The powder material was consolidated by both methods utilising optimised parameters,which led to very low porosity(∼0.3%)in the sLM material and unmeasurably low porosity in the sPs *** main aim of the study was the thorough microstructure characterisation and interrelation between the microstructure and the functional properties,such as mechanical strength,deformability,and corrosion *** materials showed comparable strength of∼110 MPa in tension and compression and relatively good deformability of∼9%and∼21%for the sLM and sPs materials,*** corrosion resistance of the sPs material in 0.1 M NaCl solution was superior to the sLM one and comparable to the conventional extruded *** digital image correlation during loading and the cross-section analysis of the corrosion layers revealed that the residual porosity and large strained grains have the dominant negative effect on the functional properties of the sLM *** the other hand,one of the primary outcomes of this study is that the sPs consolidation method is very effective in the preparation of the W3 biodegradable alloy,resulting in material with convenient mechanical and degradation properties that might find practical applications.

关键词： Magnesium Yttrium Powder metallurgy Microstructure Mechanical strength Corrosion resistance

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Cheaper Precision Weapons: An Exploratory study about the HEsA shahed 136

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Advances in Aerospace science and Technology 2024年第1期9卷 40-59页

作者： Daniel Zampronha aline Albuquerque National Institute for Applied sciences Rouen Normandie Rouen France Programme of Pos-Graduation in Bioethics University of Brasília Brasília Brazil

The ability to hit a target with precision and from a great distance has been reserved for the world’s superpowers. However, this resource is increasingly being threatened as drones with this long-range and precision capability are becoming more accessible to those who don’t have this strategic ability. This article starts with an analysis of the Iranian HEsA shahed 136 drone to discuss the latest innovations in low-cost long-range precision weapons, specifically the use of kamikaze drones and loitering munitions. This is an exploratory study that starts by discussing the notion of a kamikaze drone and then analyses the design options for the shahed 136, to reflect on the future of this new type of weapon and its implications for the economic and political relationship between weapon and cost. The conclusion is that the HEsA shahed 136 revolutionizes the concept of precise long-range strikes, a function that until now was reserved for expensive and technologically demanding tactical missiles and aircraft, and which can now be carried out with cheap drones. This creates an arms race not only in producing the most technological and precise weaponry but also the least expensive.

关键词： Drones Loitering Munitions

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Correlation between Intestinal Health and Coccidiosis Prevalence in Broilers during Different seasons of the Year in Brazil from 2012 to 2018

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Food and Nutrition sciences 2024年第3期15卷 179-198页

作者： Fabio Luis Gazoni Gabriela Miotto Galli Marcel Manente Boiago Lenita Moura stefani aline Zampar Marco A. Juárez-Estrada Guillermo Tellez-Isaias Aleksandro s. da silva Animal Health and Reproduction Veterinary Medicine Graduate Program Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM) Santa Maria Brazil Animal science Graduate Program Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) Porto Alegre Brazil Animal science Graduate Program Santa Catarina State University (UDESC) Chapecó Brazil Departamento de Medicina y Zootecnia de Aves Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico Ciudad Universitaria Ciudad de Mexico Mexico Department of Poultry science Division of Agriculture University of Arkansas Fayetteville AR USA

Coccidiosis is a disease caused by intracellular protozoan parasites, specifically belonging to the genus Eimeria. These parasites target the gastrointestinal tract in different types of hosts, causing sores in the intestinal lining. The presence of these lesions reduces the animal’s ability to digest and absorb nutrients, significantly impacting their overall performance. The current study aimed to explore the potential correlation between seasonal variations and the incidence of Eimeria spp-induced lesions in broiler chickens’ gastrointestinal tracts in Brazil from 2012 to 2018. A total of 8,607 broiler chickens, aged 14 to 42 days, were sampled from 103 poultry integrated companies in Brazil to conduct intestinal health examinations. The sampling process involved selecting 3 to 6 chickens from each poultry house for examination. The assessment included various abnormalities such as shedding of intestinal cells and excessive fluid and mucus presence, thickening and tension of the intestines, food movement, roughened mucosal surface resembling a Turkish towel in the small intestine, tissue death, duodenal inflammation, intestinal inflammation, gizzard erosion, presence of worms and bedding material, and ingestion of mealworms. During the seasons, winter exhibited the highest average occurrence of Eimeria maxima microorganisms at 52.83%, with E. acervulina following closely at 26.42% in second place. In spring, E. maxima had an occurrence of 11.31%, while in fall, E. tenella had the lowest occurrence at 6.74%. When analyzing the seasonal occurrence of Eimeria, it was observed that E. maxima micro was more common during winter compared to summer (P = 0.0491). However, no discernible variation was observed in the occurrence of the remaining species across different seasons. Research findings suggest that subclinical coccidiosis is most prevalent during the winter season in Brazil. Likewise, clinical disease caused by E. acervulina is also prevalent during this time. I

关键词： Eimeria Epidemiology Intestinal Pathology Broiler Chickens Brazil

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Investigations of nuclear chirality at iThemba LABs

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frontiers of physics 2024年第2期19卷 7-38页

作者： R.A.Bark E.A.Lawrie C.Liu s.Y.Wang iThemba Laboratory for Accelerator Based sciences National Research FoundationP.O.Box 722Somerset-West 7129South Africa Department of Physics University of the Western CapePrivate Bag X177535BellvilleSouth Africa shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Astronomy and solar-Terrestrial Environment Institute of Space SciencesShandong UniversityWeihai 264209China

Progress in the studies of chirality in atomic nuclei at iThemba LABs is *** regions of chirality,around mass 80 and 190 have been discovered using the AfrODITE array,specifically in the nuclei^(74)As,^(78,80,82)Br,^(81)kr,and^(193,194,198)*** phenomena have been observed,including multiple chiral bands in the same nucleus,the coexistence of octupole correlations and nuclear chirality,and the coexistence of pseudo spin and nuclear *** best example of chiral degeneracy to date was found in ^(194)*** level scheme of ^(106)Ag has been revisited and interpreted in terms of two-and four-quasiparticle *** using the particle-rotor model have shown that the fingerprints of chirality in the two-quasiparticle system only can occur in an idealised model *** systems with a higher number of quasiparticles,the calculations showed that nuclear chirality can persist.

关键词： chirality high-spin states particle-rotor model

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Rethinking neurodegenerative diseases:neurometabolic concept linking lipid oxidation to diseases in the central nervous system

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第7期19卷 1437-1445页

作者： steinunn sara Helgudóttir Anne skøttrup Mørkholt Jacek Lichota Preben Bruun-Nyzell Mads Christian Andersen Nanna Marie Juhl kristensen Amanda krøger Johansen Mikela Reinholdt Zinn Hulda Maria Jensdóttir John Dirk Vestergaard Nieland 2N Pharma Aps NOVI Science ParkAalborgDenmark Molecular Pharmacology Group Department of Health Science and TechnologyAalborg UniversityAalborgDenmark

Currently,there is a lack of effective medicines capable of halting or reve rsing the progression of neurodegenerative disorde rs,including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis,Parkinson s disease,multiple sclerosis,or Alzheimer s *** the unmet medical need,it is necessary to reevaluate the existing para digms of how to to rget these *** considering neurodegenerative diseases from a systemic neurometabolic perspective,it becomes possible to explain the shared pathological *** innovative approach presented in this paper draws upon exte nsive research conducted by the authors and researchers *** this review,we highlight the importance of metabolic mitochondrial dysfunction in the context of neurodegenerative *** provide an overview of the risk factors associated with developing neurodegenerative disorders,including genetic,epigenetic,and environmental fa ***,we examine pathological mechanisms implicated in these diseases such as oxidative stress,accumulation of misfolded proteins,inflammation,demyelination,death of neurons,insulin resistance,dysbiosis,and neurotransmitter ***,we outline a proposal for the restoration of mitochondrial metabolism,a crucial aspect that may hold the key to facilitating curative therapeutic interventions for neurodegenerative disorders in forthcoming advancements.

关键词： brain disease carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1 epigenetics metabolism gut microbiome mitochondrial dysfunction neurodegeneration oxidative stress

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sc元素添加对双辊铸轧Al−Cu−Li−Mg−Zr基合金热处理的影响

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Transactions of Nonferrous Metals society of China 2024年第6期34卷 1759-1773页

作者： Rostislav krÁLÍK Barbora KŘIVsKÁ Lucia BAJTOŠOVÁ Mykhailo sTOLBCHENKO Mirko sCHAPER Olexandr GRYDIN Miroslav CIEsLAR Department of Physics of Materials Faculty of Mathematics and PhysicsCharles UniversityKe Karlovu 512116PragueCzech Republic Department of Materials science Faculty of Mechanical EngineeringUniversity of PaderbornWarburger Straße 10033098PaderbornGermany

提出制备含sc的Al−Cu−Li−Mg−Zr基合金带材的工艺方案。即先采用双辊铸轧技术制备近净形状的3 mm厚带材,再对其进行均匀化/固溶处理。研究两种Al−Cu−Li−Mg−Zr基双辊铸轧合金,其中一种添加质量分数为0.17%的sc,另一种未添加sc。两种合金... 详细信息

提出制备含sc的Al−Cu−Li−Mg−Zr基合金带材的工艺方案。即先采用双辊铸轧技术制备近净形状的3 mm厚带材,再对其进行均匀化/固溶处理。研究两种Al−Cu−Li−Mg−Zr基双辊铸轧合金,其中一种添加质量分数为0.17%的sc,另一种未添加sc。两种合金均先在300℃下退火30 min,然后在450℃下退火30 min以及530℃下退火30 min,随后进行室温水淬。前两段退火后组织中生成了细小、弥散的Al_(3)Zr/Al_(3)(sc,Zr)颗粒。最后的退火步骤起到了均匀化/固溶处理的作用。双辊铸轧材料的细小晶粒结构使含有主要合金元素的原始颗粒在较短的退火时间内溶解。缩短保温时间可以限制表面层中Li的耗尽和Al_(3)Zr/Al_(3)(sc,Zr)弥散相的明显粗化。铸态含sc材料已经具有明显细小的晶粒结构,而经均匀化/固溶处理后生成的Al_(3)(sc,Zr)弥散相抑制了晶粒在高温下发生粗化。在后续180℃下时效处理后,形成了θʹ(Al_(2)Cu)、T1(Al_(2)CuLi)和s'(Al_(2)CuMg)强化相。在峰值时效状态下,屈服强度提高了200 MPa,这一数值与类似直接冷却铸造材料的相当,从而证实了所提方案的合理性。

关键词：显微组织力学性能 Al−Cu−Li基合金 sc合金化双辊铸轧

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Ion emission from warm dense matter produced by irradiation with a soft x-ray free-electron laser

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Matter and Radiation at Extremes 2024年第1期9卷 71-84页

作者： Josef krása Tomás Burian Vera Hájková Jaromír Chalupský Šimon Jelínek Katerina frantálová Michal krupka Zuzana Kuglerová sushil Kumar singh Vojtech Vozda Ludek Vysín MichalŠmíd Pablo Perez-Martin Marion Kühlman Juan Pintor Jakub Cikhardt Matthias Dreimann Dennis Eckermann Felix Rosenthal sam M.Vinko Alessandro Forte Thomas Gawne Thomas Campbell shenyuan Ren YuanFeng shi Trevor Hutchinson Oliver Humphries Thomas Preston Mikako Makita Motoaki Nakatsutsumi Xiayun Pan Alexander Köhler Marion Harmand sven Toleikis Katerina Falk Libor Juha Department of Radiation and Chemical Physics Institute of PhysicsCzech Academy of SciencesNa Slovance 218221 Prague 8Czech Republic Laser Plasma Department Institute of Plasma PhysicsCzech Academy of SciencesZa Slovankou 318200 Prague 8Czech Republic Department of surface and Plasma science Faculty of Mathematics and PhysicsCharles University in PragueV Holesovi ckách 218000 Prague 8Czech Republic Department of Physical Electronics Faculty of Nuclear Science and Engineering PhysicsCzech Technical University in PragueV Holesovi ckách 218000 Prague 8Czech Republic Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf Bautzner Landstraße 40001328 DresdenGermany DEsY Photon science Notkestraße 85D-22607 HamburgGermany Institut de Minéralogie de Physique des Matériaux et de CosmochimieUMR 7590–UPMC/CNRS/IRD/MNHNSorbonne Université4 place Jussieu75005 ParisFrance Department of Physics Faculty of Electrical EngineeringCzech Technical University in PragueTechnická216627 Prague 6Czech Republic Center for soft Nanoscience University of MünsterBusso-Peus-Straße 10D-48149 MünsterGermany Department of Physics Clarendon LaboratoryUniversity of OxfordParks RoadOxford OX13PUUnited Kingdom Central Laser Facility STFC Rutherford Appleton LaboratoryDidcot OX110QXUnited Kingdom Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory 7000 East AvenueLivermoreCalifornia 94550USA European XFEL GmbH Holzkoppel 4D-22869 SchenefeldGermany Technische Universität Dresden 01062 DresdenGermany

We report on an experiment performed at the FLAsH2 free-electron laser(FEL)aimed at producing warm dense matter via soft x-ray isochoric *** the experiment,we focus on study of the ions emitted during the soft x-ray ablation process using time-of-flight electron multipliers and a shifted Maxwell–Boltzmann velocity distribution *** find that most emitted ions are thermal,but that some impurities chemisorbed on the target surface,such as protons,are accelerated by the electrostatic field created in the plasma by escaped *** morphology of the complex crater structure indicates the presence of several ion groups with varying *** find that the ion sound velocity is controlled by the ion temperature and show how the ion yield depends on the FEL radiation attenuation length in different materials.

关键词： electrostatic emitted chemi

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3D Raman mapping as an analytical tool for investigating the coatings of coated drug particles

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Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis 2023年第3期13卷 276-286页

作者： Georgia Koutentaki Pavel krýsa Dan Trunov Tomás Pekarek Marketa Pislova Miroslav soos Department of Chemical Engineering University of Chemistry and Technology PraguePrague 616628Czech Republic Zentiva k.s.Prague 1010237Czech Republic

The properties of dry-coated paracetamol particles(fast-dissolving model drug)with carnauba wax particles as the coating agent(dissolution retardant)were *** mapping technique was used to non-destructively examine the thickness and homogeneity of coated *** results showed that the wax existed in two forms on the surface of the paracetamol particles,forming a porous coating layer:i)whole wax particles on the surface of paracetamol and glued together with other wax surface particles,and ii)deformed wax particles spread on the *** of the final particle size fraction(between 100 and 800 mm),the coating thickness had high variability,with average thickness of 5.9±4.2 *** ability of carnauba wax to decrease the dissolution rate of paracetamol was confirmed by dissolution of powder and tablet *** dissolution was slower for larger coated *** further reduced the dissolution rate,clearly indicating the impact of subsequent formulation processes on the final quality of the product.

关键词： Raman mapping Dry-coating Dissolution Particle coating thickness Polymers

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Chemistry-led investigations into the mode of action of NAMPT activators,resulting in the discovery of non-pyridyl class NAMPT activators

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Acta Pharmaceutica sinica B 2023年第2期13卷 709-721页

作者： siyuan tang Miguel Garzon sanz Oliver smith Andreas krämer Daniel Egbase Paul W.Caton stefan Knapp sam Butterworth Division of Pharmacy and Optometry School of Health SciencesManchester Academic Health Sciences CentreUniversity of ManchesterManchester M139PLUK structural Genomics Consortium(sGC) 60438 Frankfurt Am MainGermany Buchmann Institute for Life sciences(BMLs) 60438 Frankfurt Am MainGermany Institut für Pharmazeutische Chemie Goethe University60438 Frankfurt Am MainGermany frankfurt Cancer Institute(FCI) 60596 Frankfurt Am MainGermany Department of Diabetes School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine&SciencesFaculty of Life Sciences&MedicineKing's College LondonLondon SE11ULUK

The cofactor nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide(NAD+)plays a key role in a wide range of physiological processes and maintaining or enhancing NAD+levels is an established approach to enhancing healthy ***,several classes of nicotinamide phosphoribosyl transferase(NAMPT)activators have been shown to increase NAD+levels in vitro and in vivo and to demonstrate beneficial effects in animal *** best validated of these compounds are structurally related to known urea-type NAMPT inhibitors,however the basis for the switch from inhibitory activity to activation is not well *** we report an evaluation of the structure activity relationships of NAMPT activators by designing,synthesising and testing compounds from other NAMPT ligand chemotypes and mimetics of putative phosphoribosylated adducts of known *** results of these studies led us to hypothesise that these activators act via a through-water interaction in the NAMPT active site,resulting in the design of the first known urea-class NAMPT activator that does not utilise a pyridine-like warhead,which shows similar or greater activity as a NAMPT activator in biochemical and cellular assays relative to known analogues.

关键词： Nicotinamide phosphoribosyl transferase activator Healthy aging Drug discovery Bioisosteres Medicinal chemistry

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