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Neonatal lamb mortality:major risk factors and the potential ameliorative role of melatonin

Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2021年第2期12卷 451-461页

作者： Tom Flinn David O.kleemann Alyce M.Swinbourne Jennifer M.kelly alice C.Weaver Simon k.Walker kathryn L.Gatford karen L.kind William H.E.J.van Wettere Davies Livestock Research Centre School of Animal and Veterinary SciencesThe University of AdelaideRoseworthySAAustralia Turretfield Research Centre South Australian Research and Development InstituteRosedaleSAAustralia Robinson Research Institute Adelaide Medical SchoolThe University of AdelaideAdelaideSAAustralia

High incidences of pre-weaning mortality continue to limit global sheep production,constituting a major economic and welfare *** significant advances in genetics,nutrition,and management,the proportion of lamb deaths has remained stable at 15–20%over the past four *** is mounting evidence that melatonin can improve outcomes in compromised ovine pregnancies via enhanced uterine bloodflow and neonatal *** review provides an overview of the major risk factors and underlying mechanisms involved in perinatal lamb mortality and discusses the potential of melatonin treatment as a remedial *** pregnant ewes with melatonin enhances uterine bloodflow and fetal oxygenation,and potentially birthweight and neonatal thermogenic *** freely crosses the ovine placenta and blood-brain barrier and provides neuroprotection to the fetal lamb during periods of chronic and acute hypoxia throughout gestation,with improved behavioural outcomes in hypoxic *** current literature provides strong evidence that maternal melatonin treatment improves outcomes for lambs which experience compromised in utero development or prolonged parturition,though to date this has not been investigated in livestock production *** such there is a clear basis for continued research into the effects of maternal melatonin supplementation during gestation on pre-weaning survival under extensive production conditions.

关键词： Lamb survival Melatonin Neonatal mortality Reproduction Sheep

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Managing panniculitis in alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency: Systematic review of evidence behind treatment

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World Journal of Dermatology 2018年第1期7卷 1-8页

作者： Donah k Sabbagh Behrad Barmayehvar Thanh Nguyen Ross G Edgar alice M Turner the Medical Research Institute of New Zealand (MRINZ) CSB Building Wellington Hospital Department of Colorectal Surgery the Royal Wolverhampton Trust Department of Intensive Care United Lincolnshire Hospitals NHS Trust Therapy Services University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust Institute of Applied Health Research University of Birmingham

AIM To systematically review literature for management of alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency(AATD) panniculitis. METHODS Multiple databases were searched using combinations of pertinent terms. Articles were selected describing panniculitis treatment in patients with AAT ked by a second). Data extraction was conducted byone reviewer(checked by a second). Narrative synthesis only was conducted, as data were unsuitable for *** Thirty-two case reports and 4 case series were found. Augmentation therapy(infusions of plasma-derived AAT) was the most successful, with complete resolution of symptoms in all patients. Dapsone is a less expensive option, and it achieved clinical resolution in 62% of patients, but it is very poorly tolerated. Among other single-agent antibiotics, doxycycline was the most successful with complete clinical resolution seen in 33% of patients. Immunosuppressants were largely unsuccessful; 80% of patients exhibited no response. Liver transplantation and therapeutic plasma exchange displayed complete resolution in 66% of patients. Other strategies, such as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs or antibiotics other than dapsone did not show sufficient response rates to recommend their use. Authors note the risk of bias imposed by the type of evidence(case reports, case series) available in this *** Dapsone is the recommended first line therapy for AATD panniculitis, followed by augmentation therapy. Plasma exchange may be an alternative in the setting of rapidly progressive disease.

关键词： Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency Dermatological treatment Panniculitis Dapsone Augmentation therapy

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Th1 cytokines promote T-cell binding to antigen-presenting cells via enhanced hyaluronan production and accumulation at the immune synapse

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2010年第3期7卷 211-220页

作者： Paul L Bollyky Stephen P Evanko Rebecca P Wu Susan Potter-Perigo S alice Long Brian kinsella Helena Reijonen kelly Guebtner Brandon Teng Christina k Chan kathy R Braun John A Gebe Gerald T Nepom Thomas N Wight Benaroya Research Institute SeattleWAUSA

Hyaluronan(HA)production by dendritic cells(DCs)is known to promote antigen presentation and to augment T-cell activation and *** hypothesized that pericellular HA can function as intercellular‘glue’directly mediating T cell–DC *** primary human cells,we observed HA-dependent binding between T cells and DCs,which was abrogated upon pre-treatment of the DCs with 4-methylumbelliferone(4-MU),an agent which blocks HA ***,T cells regulate HA production by DCs via T cell-derived cytokines in a T helper(Th)subset-specific manner,as demonstrated by the observation that cell-culture supernatants from Th1 but not Th2 clones promote HA *** effects were seen upon the addition of exogenous Th1 cytokines,IL-2,interferon c(IFN-c)and tumor necrosis factor a(TNF-a).The critical factors which determined the extent of DC–T cell binding in this system were the nature of the pre-treatment the DCs received and their capacity to synthesize HA,as T-cell clones which were pre-treated with monensin,added to block cytokine secretion,bound equivalently irrespective of their Th *** data support the existence of a feedforward loop wherein T-cell cytokines influence DC production of HA,which in turn affects the extent of DC–T cell *** also document the presence of focal deposits of HA at the immune synapse between T-cells and APC and on dendritic processes thought to be important in antigen *** data point to a pivotal role for HA in DC–T cell interactions at the IS.

关键词： dendritic cell hyaluronan immune synapse pericellular matrix Th1

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Mechanisms of disease:mTOP/S6k signaling in ovarian cancer

Mechanisms of disease:mTOP/S6K signaling in ovarian cancer

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第一届中华医学会生殖医学分会、中国动物学会生殖生物学分会联合年会

作者： alice Wong Department of Zoology University of Hong Kong

Ovarian cancer is the prime cause of death from gynecological malignancies in European and North American women. However, neither the early etiology nor the mechanisms of ovarian neoplastic progression are well unders... 详细信息

关键词： Mechanisms of disease:mTOP/S6k signaling in ovarian cancer

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非洲中部中高层瞬态发光事件母体雷暴特征分析

非洲中部中高层瞬态发光事件母体雷暴特征分析

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作者： alice NAMBALIRWA 中国科学技术大学

学位级别：硕士

非洲中部是全球闪电和雷暴的热点区域,因此非常适合观测中高层瞬态发光事件(Transient Luminous Events,TLEs)。2004～2014 年期间,FORMOSAT-2卫星上的中高层大气闪电成像仪(ISUAL)在全球范围内记录了 35165次TLEs。其中,非洲中部的TLE... 详细信息

非洲中部是全球闪电和雷暴的热点区域,因此非常适合观测中高层瞬态发光事件(Transient Luminous Events,TLEs)。2004～2014 年期间,FORMOSAT-2卫星上的中高层大气闪电成像仪(ISUAL)在全球范围内记录了 35165次TLEs。其中,非洲中部的TLEs分布尤为密集,共观测到485个蓝色喷流/启动器、5个巨大喷流和306个红色精灵。然而,与其他全球闪电热点区域相比,中非地区关于TLEs的报道研究却十分缺乏。因此,针对该地区的TLEs及其母体雷暴特征的研究具有重要意义。本文主要从观测角度,本文基于多个观测数据集,包括热带降雨测量任务(Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission,TRMM)、气象卫星第二代(Meteosat Second Generation SEVIRI,MSG SEVIRI)、地球静止红外通道亮温(BT)-Grid Sat-B1气候数据记录(CDR)(the Geostationary IR Channel Brightness Temperature(BT)-Grid Sat-B1 Climate Data Record(CDR))、全球闪电定位网(World Wide Lightning Location Network,WWLLN)以及ERA5的再分析数据,对中非地区触发的蓝色喷流、巨大喷流和红色精灵现象及其母体闪电和雷暴特征分别进行了研究。本文的研究内容和主要结论如下:研究表明,向上喷流(包括蓝色喷流/起始喷流和巨大喷流)通常发生在云顶高度达到12-16公里的雷暴上方。在这些雷暴中,云顶温度可低至265 k,伴随着穿透对流层顶的过冲对流。此外,在蓝色喷流或蓝色启动器位置附近观察到非常高的降雨率(超过2 dBZ),且雷达垂直剖面显示该区域海拔及反射率值非常高。根据这些观测,我们推测蓝色喷流或蓝色启动器倾向于发生在具有强大的上升气流并且可穿透对流层顶的深对流雷暴系统中。在非洲中部的ISUAL数据集中,我们只观察到了五个巨型喷流事件。这些事件中,其中四个事件对应的CAPE值超过1000 J/kg,另一个事件对应的CAPE值为139.85 J/kg。所有巨型喷流都发生在云顶亮温低于260 k,最高云顶高度为8-16 km的可能伴随穿透对流层顶的过冲对流雷暴中,且巨大喷流出现时刻附近的闪电发生率非常低。根据ISUAL观测数据集,11年间共有306个红色精灵于中非上空触发,其中288个为正极性红色精灵,18个为负极性红色精灵。研究发现,负极性红色精灵正下方附近雷暴区域的云顶高度非常高,约为12-16 km,云顶亮温低于260 k,同时观察到非常强负地闪。负极性红色精灵出现在强对流区上方,该区域的强烈的上升气流能够推动云顶穿透对流层顶。此外,我们选择了 1 1个正极性红色精灵事件进行研究。结合TRMM卫星数据发现,2014年2月4日触发的正极性的红色精灵均出现在云顶亮温低于255 k,云顶高度约13-15公里的雷暴云区域上方,同时存在层状对流。其余的正极性红色精灵事件发生在云顶亮温低于260 k、最高云顶高度在12-16公里之间的雷暴云周围上方。通过以上研究我们发现,蓝色喷流、巨大喷流和负极性红色精灵通常发生在深对流系统的雷暴中。这些强对流系统伴随着进入对流层顶的过冲对流,产生的海拔高,范围大的上部正极性电荷层,是有利于蓝色喷流、巨大喷流和负极性红色精灵发展的关键电荷结构成分。相比之下,研究的正极性红色精灵发生于最低云顶亮温和最高云顶高度的雷暴云弱对流区域上方。因此,正极性红色精灵更倾向于发生在层状云系统和即将消散的深对流系统的上方。本文分别对发生于非洲中部的蓝色喷流、巨大喷流和红色精灵事件及其母体雷暴的云顶亮温和云顶高度等特征做了简要的分析,揭示了该地区不同类型的TLEs母体雷暴条件的不同。这些结果将有助于我们初步认识中非地区的TLEs,深化了解不同类型的TLEs的触发条件,对认识全球TLEs的触发和产生机制具有重要意义。

关键词：瞬态发光事件雷暴闪电深对流层状对流

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Review of the impact of heat stress on reproductive performance of sheep

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2021年第3期12卷 859-876页

作者： William H.E.J.van Wettere karen L.kind kathryn L.Gatford Alyce M.Swinbourne Stephan T.Leu Peter T.Hayman Jennifer M.kelly alice C.Weaver David O.kleemann Simon k.Walker The University of Adelaide School of Animal and Veterinary SciencesDavies Livestock Research CentreRoseworthy CampusMudla Wirra RdRoseworthySouth Australia 5371Australia The University of Adelaide Robinson Research InstituteAdelaide Medical SchoolNorth TerraceAdelaideSouth Australia 5000Australia The University of Adelaide School of AgricultureFood and WineWaite Research InstituteUrrbraeSouth Australia 5064Australia South Australian Research and Development Institute Primary Industries and Regions SAGovernment of South AustraliaClimate ApplicationsWaite Research PrecinctUrrbraeSouth Australia 5064Australia South Australian Research and Development Institute Primary Industries and Regions SAReproductive BiologyLivestock SciencesTurretfield Research Centre129 Holland RdRosedaleSouth Australia 5350Australia

Heat stress significantly impairs reproduction of sheep,and under current climatic conditions is a significant risk to the efficiency of the meat and wool production,with the impact increasing as global temperatures *** from field studies and studies conducted using environmental chambers demonstrate the effects of hot temperatures(≥32℃)on components of ewe fertility(oestrus,fertilisation,embryo survival and lambing)are most destructive when experienced from 5 d before until 5 d after *** controlled studies also demonstrate that ram fertility,as measured by rates of fertilisation and embryo survival,is reduced when mating occurs during the period 14 to 50 d ***,the contribution of the ram to heat induced reductions in flock fertility is difficult to determine *** primarily on temperature controlled studies,it is clear that sustained exposure to high temperatures(≥32℃)during pregnancy reduces lamb birthweight and will,therefore,decrease lamb survival under field *** is concluded that both ewe and ram reproduction is affected by relatively modest levels of heat stress(≥32℃)and this is a concern given that a significant proportion of the global sheep population experiences heat stress of this magnitude around mating and during *** this,strategies to limit the impacts of the climate on the homeothermy,behaviour,resource use and reproduction of extensively grazed sheep are limited,and there is an urgency to improve knowledge and to develop husbandry practices to limit these impacts.

关键词： Fertility Heat stress Oogenesis Pregnancy Sheep Spermatogenesis

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Glyphosate Resistance in Giant Ragweed (<i>Ambrosia trifida</i>L.) from Mississippi Is Partly Due to Reduced Translocation

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2015年第13期6卷 2104-2113页

作者： Vijay k. Nandula alice A. Wright Christopher R. Van Horn William T. Molin Phil Westra krishna N. Reddy Crop Production Systems Research Unit U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service Stoneville MS USA Department of Bioagricultural Sciences and Pest Management Colorado State University Fort Collins CO USA

A giant ragweed population from a glyphosate-resistant (GR) soybean field in Mississippi, USA was suspected to be resistant to glyphosate. Greenhouse and laboratory studies were conducted to confirm and quantify the magnitude of glyphosate resistance in a resistant biotype selected from this population and to elucidate possible physiological and molecular mechanisms of glyphosate resistance. Glyphosate dose response studies indicated that ED50 (effective dose required to reduce plant growth by 50%) values for glyphosate-resistant (GR-MS) and glyphosate-susceptible (GS-MS) biotypes, based on percent injury, were 0.52 and 0.34 kg ae/ha glyphosate, respectively, indicating a 1.5-fold level of resistance in GR-MS. The absorption pattern of 14C-glyphosate in the two giant ragweed biotypes was similar throughout the measured time course of 168 h after treatment (HAT). The amount of 14C-glyphosate that translocated out of treated leaves of the GR-MS and GS-MS plants was similar up to 24 HAT. However, the GS-MS biotype translocated more (71% and 76% of absorbed at 48 and 96 HAT, respectively) 14C-glyphosate than the GR-MS biotype (44% and 66% of absorbed at 48 and 96 HAT, respectively) out of the treated leaf. No target site mutation was identified at the Pro106 location of the EPSPS gene of the GR-MS biotype. The mechanism of resistance to glyphosate in giant ragweed from Mississippi, at least, is due to reduced glyphosate translocation.

关键词： Absorption EPSPS Giant Ragweed Glyphosate Herbicide Resistance Translocation

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Breath Biopsy^(®) to Identify Exhaled Volatile Organic Compounds Biomarkers for Liver Cirrhosis Detection

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Journal of Clinical and Translational Hepatology 2023年第3期11卷 638-648页

作者： Giuseppe Ferrandino Giovanna De Palo Antonio Murgia Owen Birch Ahmed Tawfike Rob Smith Irene Debiram-Beecham Olga Gandelman Graham kibble Anne Marie Lydon alice Groves Agnieszka Smolinska Max Allsworth Billy Boyle Marc P.van der Schee Michael Allison Rebecca C.Fitzgerald Matthew Hoare Victoria k.Snowdon Owlstone Medical CambridgeUK Department of Oncology University of CambridgeHutchison/MRC Research CentreCambridgeUK Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabo-lism(NUTRIM)Maastricht University Medical Centerthe Netherlands Department of Medicine University of CambridgeAddenbrooke’s HospitalCambridgeUK Addenbrookes Hepatology and Liver Transplantation Unit Addenbrookes Hospi-talCambridgeUK MRC Cancer Unit Hutchison/MRC Research CentreUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK CRUk Cambridge Institute CambridgeUK

Background and Aims:The prevalence of chronic liver dis-ease in adults exceeds 30%in some countries and there is significant interest in developing tests and treatments to help control disease progression and reduce healthcare *** is a rich sampling matrix that offers non-invasive so-lutions suitable for early-stage detection and disease *** previously investigated targeted analysis of a single biomarker,here we investigated a multiparametric approach to breath testing that would provide more robust and reliable results for clinical ***:To identify can-didate biomarkers we compared 46 breath samples from cir-rhosis patients and 42 from *** and analysis used Breath Biopsy OMNI™,maximizing signal and contrast to background to provide high confidence biomarker detec-tion based upon gas chromatography mass spectrometry(GC-MS).Blank samples were also analyzed to provide de-tailed information on background volatile organic compounds(VOCs)***:A set of 29 breath VOCs differed significantly between cirrhosis and controls.A classification model based on these VOCs had an area under the curve(AUC)of 0.95±0.04 in cross-validated test *** seven best performing VOCs were sufficient to maximize classifica-tion performance.A subset of 11 VOCs was correlated with blood metrics of liver function(bilirubin,albumin,prothrom-bin time)and separated patients by cirrhosis severity using principal component ***:A set of seven VOCs consisting of previously reported and novel candidates show promise as a panel for liver disease detection and mon-itoring,showing correlation to disease severity and serum biomarkers at late stage.

关键词： Breath Biopsy Non-invasive Biomarker Cirrhosis Liver function test.

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Multiparty Quantum Cryptographic Protocol

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Chinese Physics Letters 2008年第10期25卷 3543-3546页

作者： M. Ramzan M. k. khan Department of Physics Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad 45320 Pakistan

We propose a multiparty quantum cryptographic protocol. Unitary operators applied by Bob and Charlie, on their respective qubits of a tripartite entangled state encoding a classical symbol that can be decoded at alice＇s end with the help of a decoding matrix. Eve＇s presence can be detected by the disturbance of the decoding matrix. Our protocol is secure against intercept resend attacks. Furthermore, it is eifficient and deterministic in the sense that two classical bits can be transferred per entangled pair of qubits. It is worth mentioning that in this protocol, the same symbol can be used for key distribution and Eve＇s detection that enhances the etfficiency of the protocol.

关键词： the power-law exponents precipitation durative abrupt precipitation change

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Quantum Monty Hall Problem under Decoherence

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Communications in Theoretical Physics 2010年第7期54卷 47-54页

作者： Salman khan M.Ramzan M.k.khan Department of Physics Quaid-i-Azam University

We study the effect of decoherence on quantum Monty Hall problem under the influence of amplitude damping, depolarizing, and dephasing channels. It is shown that under the effect of decoherence, there is a Nash equilibrium of the game in case of depolarizing channel for alice＇s quantum strategy. Whereas in case of dephasing noise, the game is not influenced by the quantum channel. For amplitude damping channel, Bob＇s payoffs are found symmetrical about a decoherence of 50% and the maximum occurs at this value of decoherence for his classical strategy. However, it is worth-mentioning that in case of depolarizing channel, Bob＇s classical strategy remains always dominant against any choice of alice＇s strategy.

关键词： quantum Monty Hall problem decoherence entanglement payoffs

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