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Clinical, Prognostic and Socio-Economic Aspects of T4 Breast Cancers in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso: A Retrospective Study

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Advances in Breast Cancer Research 2023年第4期12卷 142-151页

作者： Augustin Tozoula Bambara Dagnagnewende Dieudonne Kabore Michel Ilboudo Titavouro Nafissatou Prisca Hien Faiza Abba-Ousmane alice cynthia sama Health Sciences Training and Research Unit Joseph Ki-Zerbo University Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Cancerology Department Yalgado Ouedraogo University Hospital Ouagadougou Burkina Faso

Breast cancers classified T4 according to the TNM code are frequent in Burkina Faso. A better knowledge of these cancers would help to better organize the fight against breast cancer in general. We conducted this study to present the clinical and prognostic aspects of T4 breast cancer in Ouagadougou. It was a descriptive retrospective study based on the medical record of patients received from January 1, 2017 to December 31, 2021 in the cancer department of Yalgado Ouedraogo University Hospital. Patients followed for histologically confirmed breast cancer who were classified in the cT4 category of the TNM code 8e edition were included. We collected a total of 286 patients. Non-salaried patients accounted for 90.56%. In this study, 53.3% of patients lived in urban area and 36.7% in rural area. Menopausal patients accounted for 56.8% of cases. One hundred and thirty-three (46.5%) patients were overweight or obese and 121 (42.3%) patients had a normal weight. The average consultation time, which is the time between the first signs and consultation in a specialized center, was 12 months, with a median of 11 months. According to category T of the TNM code, 19 patients (6.6%) were classified T4d, 176 (61.5%) were classified T4c, 69 (24.1%) were classified T4b and 22 (7.7%) T4a. One hundred and twenty patients (42%) were metastatic. The median overall survival of all patients in our sample was 20 months. In univariate analysis, metastatic status was risk factor for death, while obesity and surgery were protective factors. In multivariate analysis, obesity, surgery and metastatic status were independently associated with survival;obesity and surgery were protective factors. Survival is poor due to advanced stages and difficulties in the management of these cancers. Measures to facilitate access to care would improve the prognosis of these cancers.

关键词： T4 Breast Cancer Prognosis Clinical Burkina Faso

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Evaluation of Clinical and Radiological Tumour Response during Neo-Adjuvant Breast Cancer Chemotherapy at Yalgado Ouedraogo University Hospital

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Advances in Breast Cancer Research 2022年第4期11卷 183-194页

作者： Bambara Augustin Tozoula Ouedraogo Nina-Astrid Atenguena Okobalemba Etienne Kabore Bernard Akanni Fayçal sama alice cynthia Ousseini Diallo Laboratory of Non-Communicable Diseases Training and Research Unit in Health Sciences Joseph Ki Zerbo University Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Department of Cancerology Yalgado Ouédraogo University Hospital Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Laboratory of Radiodiagnosis and Medical Imaging Training and Research Unit in Health Sciences Joseph Ki Zerbo University Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Medical Imaging Department Bogodogo University Hospital Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences University of Yaoundé I Yaoundé Cameroon Medical Imaging Department of Yalgado Ouédraogo University Hospital Ouagadougou Burkina Faso

Background: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) is one of the treatment options for breast cancer. Its aim is to significantly reduce the size of the tumour in preparation for surgery. The aim of this work is to analyze the conditions of clinical and radiological evaluation of NAC at the Yalgado Ouédraogo University Hospital (CHUYO). Patients and Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study based on the medical records of patients followed up in the cancer department of the CHUYO from 1 January 2013 to 31 December 2021. All patients followed for histologically proven, non-metastatic breast cancer and having received at least one course of NAC were included in this study. The variables were related to the socio-demographic characteristics of the patients, the indications, the protocols of NAC and the sequences of evaluation of the tumour response (clinical, radiological and anatomopathological). Results: We collected 105 cases. The average age of the patients concerned was 44 years. The most frequent histological type was non-specific invasive carcinoma in 97.1% of cases. Immunohistochemically, triple-negative patients accounted for 51.4%. At the initial stage, all patients underwent clinical exploration. Clinical measurement of the tumour was performed in 70.5% of cases. The radiological size of the tumour was determined by ultrasound in 59.1% of cases. One patient had a breast MRI. Thirty-one patients were lost to follow-up after the initial evaluation. At mid-term and at the end of treatment, clinical tumour size was performed in 38.6% and 45.6% of cases respectively. There was no breast imaging performed at mid- and end-of-treatment. CT scans were performed in all cases at baseline, mid-term and end of treatment for extension assessment but did not mention the breast tumour. The tumour response rate was not recorded. Conclusion: Clinical assessment of tumour response is almost always empirical and not quantified. Medical imaging examinations are prescribed sp

关键词： Tumour Response Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy Breast Imaging Burkina Faso

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Using RGB displays to portray colorrealistic imagery to animal eyes

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Current Zoology 2017年第1期63卷 27-34页

作者： cynthia TEDORE Sonke JOHNSEN Department of Biology Lund University Solvegatan 35 Lund 223 62 Sweden Department of Biology DukeUniversity Durham 125 Science Drive NC 27708 USA

RGB displays effectively simulate millions of colors in the eyes of humans by modulating the rela-tive amount of light emitted by 3 differently colored juxtaposed lights （red, green, and blue）. Therelationship between the ratio of red, green, and blue light and the perceptual experience of thatlight has been well defined by psychophysical experiments in humans, but is unknown in *** perceptual experience of an animal looking at an RGB display of imagery designed for humansis likely to poorly represent an animal＇s experience of the same stimulus in the real world. This isdue, in part, to the fact that many animals have different numbers of photoreceptor classes thanhumans do and that their photoreceptor classes have peak sensitivities centered over differentparts of the ultraviolet and visible spectrum. However, it is sometimes possible to generate videosthat accurately mimic natural stimuli in the eyes of another animal, even if that animal＇s sensitivityextends into the ultraviolet portion of the spectrum. How independently each RGB phosphor stimu-lates each of an animal＇s photoreceptor classes determines the range of colors that can be simu-lated for that animal. What is required to determine optimal color rendering for another animal is adevice capable of measuring absolute or relative quanta of light across the portion of the spectrumvisible to the animal （i.e., a spectrometer）, and data on the spectral sensitivities of the animal＇sphotoreceptor classes. In this article, we outline how to use such equipment and information togenerate video stimuli that mimic, as closely as possible, an animal＇s color perceptual experienceof real-world objects.

关键词： color vision, computer animation, perception, video playback, virtual reality.

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593例社区获得性肺炎住院患儿病毒和非典型细菌病原学分析

593例社区获得性肺炎住院患儿病毒和非典型细菌病原学分析

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作者：王思菱（alice cynthia Dewi）中山大学

学位级别：硕士

研究背景社区获得性肺炎(community acquired pneumonia, CAP)是儿童期最常见的感染性疾病，发病率高，危害严重，列于我国儿童死亡的五大疾病之首。我国每年约有2110万5岁以下小儿罹患肺炎(0.22次/人年)，发病率明显高于发达国家(0.02... 详细信息

研究背景社区获得性肺炎(community acquired pneumonia, CAP)是儿童期最常见的感染性疾病，发病率高，危害严重，列于我国儿童死亡的五大疾病之首。我国每年约有2110万5岁以下小儿罹患肺炎(0.22次/人年)，发病率明显高于发达国家(0.026次/人年)。儿童CAP的病因通常难以判定，约有40％至60％的肺炎患儿无法找到明确病因。许多研究人员根据患儿的病史、临床表现、体征、实验室及影像学检查资料来判断社区获得性肺炎的病因，但尚未发现足够可靠的证据进行鉴别。关于社区获得性肺炎住院患儿管理的大量报道显示，大约80％的社区获得性肺炎患儿采用了经验性治疗。当患儿被诊断为CAP后，是否使用抗生素进行治疗以及如何选择与病因相关的适当抗生素仍是个很大的问题。一项关于住院儿童社区获得性肺炎的研究表明，绝大多数儿童肺炎是病毒感染所致，故须对不必要的抗生素治疗加以制止。另外，肺炎衣原体和支原体亦日益成为导致儿童获得性肺炎的重要致病因素。这些非典型细菌需要特定的抗生素，而针对典型病原体使用的常规抗生素无效。肺炎病因研究不足及抗生素治疗不当最终可导致社区获得性肺炎病原体的抗生素耐药性，这种抗生素耐药又将成为另一个全球健康问题。基于这些原因，深入了解CAP在日常临床中病原流行病学，不同病原肺炎的临床特点助于提高诊断，采取适当的管理和预防措施，进而减少由于过度治疗和不适当的抗生素治疗所致的经济负担，同时降低社区获得性肺炎相关疾病的死亡率。目的 1、阐明儿童社区获得性肺炎的常见呼吸道病毒病原谱分布;2、确定病毒和非典型细菌病原体的年龄和季节分布;3、分析特定病原体的临床特点。方法 1.研究对象本研究在2010年1月至2011年12月期间收集593例住院病区中确诊的社区获得性肺炎病例。患儿年龄范围为1个月至14岁之间，其中：婴儿组(1-12个月)286例(48.2％)，学龄前儿童组(>12个月至5岁)259例(43.7％)，学龄儿童组(5岁以上至14岁)48例(8.1％)。 2.病例收集、病例评估、数据分析所有患儿在入院24小时内均采集2毫升的外周血，用于血常规，肝、心脏、肾功生化和各项炎症指标的血液化验，并采集口咽拭子标本。将咽拭子标本采用实时定量PCR检测方法对病毒和非典型病原体进行同时检测。一个患儿样本中检测出任何一种病原体，则作为一个阳性病例。如一个患儿样本中只发现一种病原体，则该患儿则被认为只有一项感染，即单一感染。如发现了多个病原体，则被认为是混合感染。入院时收集的信息包括填写日期、个人信息、前驱症状、临床表现。在住院期间，患儿每日的病情变化均详细记录，包括呼吸系统的体格检查、临床症状的变化、实验室数据、并发症、治疗措施等。出院日期也被记录在内，以计算患者的住院时间。评估病情严重程度根据临床评分(呼吸频率、三凹征、呼吸音改变、精神状态、肤色)。结果 1、患儿年龄于1个月至14岁之间，中位年龄为14个月。男性占67％，女性占33％。男女之比为2:1。男女中位年龄之间比较差异无统计学意义(U=35112，P>0.05)。中位发病时间7天(于1-160天)，中位住院时间7天(于2-36天)。 2、593例标本中，阳性标本共367例，总检出率为61.9％。单一病原体感染289例(48.7％)，混合病原体感染78例(13.2％)。病原体以RSV最常见，共133例(22.4％);其它依次为Inf A56例(9.4％)，EV52例(8.8％)，ADV40例(6.7％)，Mpp39例(6.6％)，hCoV32例(5.4％)，hBoV31例(5.2％)，PIV29例(4.9％)， hMPV25例(4.2％)，Inf B24例(4％)，及Cp7例(1.2％)。病原体不明确的标本226例(38.1％)。593例患儿中，病毒感染(包括单一或混合病毒感染)共318例(53.6％)。单一的非典型细菌感染(包括Mpp或Cp)共31例(5.2％)，病毒/非典型细菌混合感染共18例(3％)。 3、289例单一病原体感染标本中，RSV为91例(15.3％)占首位，其次为InfA32例(5.4％)，ADV30例(5.1％)，Mpp28例(4.7％)。78例混合病原体感染标本中，以2种病原体混合感染为主(57例，9.6％)，3种病原体混合感染为次(20例，3.4％)，且有1例是五种病原体混合感染。最常见混合感染为RSV合并其他病毒，其中RSV+EV15例，RSV+Inf A9例，RSV+hCoV5例。 4、CAP患儿年龄及病原体分布情况：在婴儿组，RSV阳性检出率最高占33.6％。Inf A、Inf B、hBoV、 hCoV、hMPV常见于学龄前儿童组，而PIV在婴儿组多发。学龄儿童组当中，最常见的病原体是ADV和MPP，各占16.7％。EV感染可

关键词：社区获得性肺炎病毒病原学儿童

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2007年ACC／AHA非心脏手术围手术期心血管评估与管理指南：实施概要

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麻醉与镇痛 2010年第6期6卷 1-28页

作者： Lee A Fleisher Joshua A Beckman Kenneth A Brown Hugh Calkins Elliott Chaikof Kirsten E Fleischmann William K Freeman James B Froehlich Edward K Kasper Judy R Kersten Barbara Riegel John F Robb Sidney C Smith alice K Jacobs cynthia D Adams Jeffrey L Anderson Elliott M Antman Christopher E Buller Mark A Creager Steven M Ettinger David P Faxon Valentin Fuster Jonathan L Halperin Loren F Hiratzka Sharon A Hunt Bruce W Lytle Rick Nishimura Joseph P Ornato Richard L Page Lynn G Tarkington Clyde W Yancy

美国心脏病学院镁国心脏协会工作组有关实践指南的一份报告（编写委员会对2002年非心脏手术围手术期心血管评估指南的修改）

关键词：非心脏手术管理指南血管评估围手术期 ACC/AHA 美国心脏病学院实践指南心脏协会

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