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Diarrhea after bariatric procedures:Diagnosis and therapy

World Journal of Gastroenterology 2017年第26期23卷 4689-4700页

作者： Yves M Borbély alice Osterwalder Dino Kroll Philipp c Nett Roman A Inglin clinic for Visceral Surgery and Medicine InselspitalBern University HospitalUniversity of Bern

Diarrhea after bariatric procedures, mainly those with malabsorptive elements including Roux-Y Gastric Bypass and Biliopancreatic Diversion, is common and an essential determinant of quality of life and microand macronutrient deficiencies. Bariatric surgery is the only sustainably successful method to address morbid obesity and its comorbidities, particularly gaining more and more importance in the specific treatment of diabetic patients. Approximately half a million procedures are annually performed around the world, with numbers expected to rise drastically in the near future. A multitude of factors exert their influence on bowel habits; preoperative comorbidities and procedure-related aspects are intertwined with postoperative nutritional habits. Diagnosis may be challenging owing to the characteristics of postbariatric surgery anatomy with hindered accessibility of excluded segments of the small bowel and restriction at the gastric level. conventional testing measures, if available, generally yield low accuracy and are usually not validated in this specific population. Limited trials of empiric treatment are a practical alternative and oftentimes an indispensable part of the diagnostic process. This review provides an overview of causes for chronic post-bariatric surgery diarrhea and details the particularities of its diagnosis and treatment in this specific patient population. Topics of current interest such as the impact of gut microbiota and the influence of bile acids on morbid obesity and especially their role in diarrhea are highlighted in order to provide a better understanding of the specific problems and chances of future treatment in post-bariatric surgery patients.

关键词： Bariatric surgery Diarrhea Malnutrition Malabsorption Steatorrhea Dumping syndrome Bile acids and salts Gut microbiota Blind loop syndrome

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Quaternary glacial records in mountain regions：A formal stratigraphical approach

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Episodes 2005年第2期28卷 85-92页

作者： P.D.hughes P.L.Gibbard J.c.Woodward Geography SchoolofEnvironmentandDevelopmentMansfieldCooperBuildingTheUniversityofManchesterOxfordRoadManchesterM139PLUnitedKingdom. GodwinInstituteofQuaternaryResearch DepartmentofGeographyDowningPlaceUniversityofCambridgeCambridgeCB23ENUnitedKingdom.

Glacial deposits in locally-glaciated mountain regions are often expressed through their surface form and the study of these deposits constitutes a major branch of geomorphology. Studies of glacial depositional records in mountain areas have often neglected formal stratigraphical procedure resulting in an ad hoc development of quasi-stratigraphical nomenclature. Here, a formal stratigraphical procedure is recommended, since this enables a systematic approach to the subdivision of glacial deposits in mountain regions. Moreover, such an approach facilitates, in some instances, the development of a formal chronostratigraphy that can be compared to regional and global geological time scales. This is important in locally-glaciated mountain regions where glacial deposits represent one of the most important records of cold stage environments. Given that glacial landforms represent a key component of the Quaternary record, maintaining a formal link between geomorphological and geological stratigraphical procedure is a fundamental requirement of a consistent and comparable stratigraphical framework.

关键词：第四纪冰川山区地质沉积地形特征鉴别方法

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一场美国和中国的贸易战?

一场美国和中国的贸易战?

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作者： Neil c.hughes 冯俊新

中国日益增长的经济实力让美国人越来越担心,美国人正用各种各样的理由来指责中国。作者指出,美国对中国的大部分指责并没有什么真实价值,但是其背后所反映出来的误解却可能导向一场中美贸易大战,这对双方都将造成严重的伤害。没有争端...

中国日益增长的经济实力让美国人越来越担心,美国人正用各种各样的理由来指责中国。作者指出,美国对中国的大部分指责并没有什么真实价值,但是其背后所反映出来的误解却可能导向一场中美贸易大战,这对双方都将造成严重的伤害。没有争端是不可能的,但贸易战并非不可避免。作者强调,美国鹰和中国龙在解决争端时应该学会尊重差异、寻找共同点。

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Finite Line-transitive Linear Spaces:Theory and Search Strategies

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Acta Mathematica Sinica,English Series 2009年第9期25卷 1399-1436页

作者： Anton BETTEN Anne DELANDTSHEER Maska LAW alice c. NIEMEYER cheryl E. PRAEGER Shenglin ZHOU colorado State University Department of Mathematics Fort Collins CO 80523 U.S.A. Universite Libre de Bruxelles Facultd des Sciences appliquges CP165J11 av. F.D. Roosevelt 50 B 1050 Brussels Belgium The University of Western Australia School of Mathematics and Statistics 35 Stirling Highway Crawley 6009 Australia Department of Mathematics South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510641 China

The paper summarises existing theory and classifications for finite line-transitive linear spaces, develops the theory further, and organises it in a way that enables its effective application. The starting point is a theorem of camina and the fifth author that identifies three kinds of line-transitive automorphism groups of linear spaces. In two of these cases the group may be imprimitive on points, that is, the group leaves invariant a nontrivial partition of the point set. In the first of these cases the group is almost simple with point-transitive simple socle, and may or may not be point-primitive, while in the second case the group has a non-trivial point-intransitive normal subgroup and hence is definitely point-imprimitive. The theory presented here focuses on point-imprimitive groups. As a non-trivial application a classification is given of the point-imprimitive, line-transitive groups, and the corresponding linear spaces, for which the greatest common divisor gcd（k, v - 1） ≤ 8, where v is the number of points, and k is the line size. Motivation for this classification comes from a result of Weidong Fang and Huffing Li in 1993, that there are only finitely many non-trivial point-imprimitive, linetransitive linear spaces for a given value of gcd（k, v - 1）. The classification strengthens the classification by camina and Mischke under the much stronger restriction k ≤ 8： no additional examples arise. The paper provides the backbone for future computer-based classifications of point-imprimitive, line- transitive linear spaces with small parameters. Several suggestions for further investigations are made.

关键词： linear space line-transitive automorphism group combinatorial design combinatorial search algorithm

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Functional responses to deforestation in fish communities inhabiting neotropical streams and rivers

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Ecological Processes 2023年第1期12卷 716-732页

作者： Isabel cantera céline Jézéquel Tony Dejean Jérôme Murienne Régis Vigouroux alice Valentini Sébastien Brosse Department of Environmental Science and Policy Universitàdegli Studi di MilanoVia Celoria 2620133 MilanItaly Laboratoire Evolution et DiversitéBiologique UMR5174-UniversitéPaul SabatierCNRSIRD118 Route de Narbonne31062 ToulouseFrance SPYGEN Savoie Technolac-BP 27417 Rue du Lac Saint-André73375 Le Bourget-du-Lac CedexFrance HYDREcO Laboratoire Environnement de Petit SautB.P 82397388 Kourou CedexFrench GuianaFrance

Background Deforestation is a widespread disturbance for neotropical freshwater *** biodiversity declines have been associated with deforestation,its functional consequences for stream and river fish faunas remain poorly *** this study,we explored how deforestation affects the different facets of the functional structure of fish communities inventoried using environmental DNA metabarcoding in 64 river and 35 stream sites of French ***,we investigated how functional richness,divergence,evenness and identity of fish faunas are affected by *** We showed that anthropogenic disturbances in French Guiana are modifying the functional diversity of freshwater fish *** disturbances not only affected the amount of functional traits held by the communities but also the identity of the traits and the internal structure of the functional ***,different facets of the functional diversity supported by fish assemblages were *** streams,deforestation did not affect the overall diversity of traits but reduced functional redundancy,underlined by a shift in functional identity towards assemblages dominated by pelagic *** contrast,river fish faunas experienced a decline in functional richness,paired with shifts in functional identity and a loss of fish species with extreme *** The response to deforestation differed between streams and rivers,but it supports the hypothesis that deforestation is linked to functional changes in fish *** diminishing the range of the functions in rivers or by jeopardizing the redundancy of functions in streams,deforestation could severely hamper the functioning and stability of neotropical freshwater ecosystems.

关键词： eDNA Traits Functional space Richness Divergence Evenness Identity Gold mining

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Synaptic alterations as a common phase in neurological and neurodevelopmental diseases: JNK is a key mediator in synaptic changes

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Neural Regeneration Research 2023年第3期18卷 531-532页

作者： clara alice Musi carlo Bonadonna Tiziana Borsello Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences Universitàdegli Studi di MilanoMilanoItaly Mario Negri Insitute for Pharmacolgical Research-IRccS MilanoItaly

Brain synapses play a key role in neuronal communication:this“conversation”is at the basis of all brain activities and synaptic dysfunction leads to brain *** study the modulators of this crucial synaptic function and we here present the evidence supporting the c-Jun N-terminal kinase(JNK)pathway as a pivotal actor in this scenario.

关键词： alterations diseases neurological

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Numerical Approximation of Oscillatory Solutions of Hyperbolic-Elliptic Systems of conservation Laws by Multiresolution Schemes

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Advances in Applied Mathematics and Mechanics 2009年第5期1卷 581-614页

作者： Stefan Berres Raimund Burger alice Kozakevicius Departamento de ciencias Matematicas y Fısicas Universidad Catolica de TemucoTemucoChile cI2MA and Departamento de Ingenier´ıa Matem´atica Facultad de Ciencias Fısicas y Matem´aticasUniversidad de Concepci´onCasilla 160-CConcepci´onChile Departamento de Matematica-ccNE Universidade Federal de Santa MariaAv.Roraima1000Campus Universit´arioSanta MariaRSCEP 97105-900Brazil

The generic structure of solutions of initial value problems of hyperbolic-elliptic systems,also called mixed systems,of conservation laws is not yet fully *** reason for the absence of a core well-posedness theory for these equations is the sensitivity of their solutions to the structure of a parabolic regularization when attempting to single out an admissible solution by the vanishing viscosity *** is,however,theoretical and numerical evidence for the appearance of solutions that exhibit persistent oscillations,so-called oscillatory waves,which are(in general,measure-valued)solutions that emerge from Riemann data or slightly perturbed constant data chosen from the interior of the elliptic *** capture these solutions,usually a fine computational grid is *** this work,a version of the multiresolution method applied to a WENO scheme for systems of conservation laws is proposed as a simulation tool for the efficient computation of solutions of oscillatory wave *** hyperbolic-elliptic 2×2 systems of conservation laws considered are a prototype system for three-phase flow in porous media and a system modeling the separation of a heavy-buoyant bidisperse *** the latter case,varying one scalar parameter produces elliptic regions of different shapes and numbers of points of tangency with the borders of the phase space,giving rise to different kinds of oscillation waves.

关键词： Hyperbolic-elliptic system conservation law oscillation wave numerical simulation multiresolution method sedimentation model

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A machine learning approach for regional geochemical data:Platinum-group element geochemistry vs geodynamic settings of the North Atlantic Igneous Province

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Geoscience Frontiers 2021年第3期12卷 42-59页

作者： Jordan J.Lindsay Hannah S.R.hughes christopher M.Yeomans Jens c.Ø.Andersen Iain McDonald camborne School of Mines University of ExeterPenryn CampusPenrynCornwall TR109FEUnited Kingdom School of Earth and Ocean Sciences Main CollegeCardiff UniversityPark PlaceCardiff CF103ATUnited Kingdom

Whilst traditional approaches to geochemistry provide valuable insights into magmatic processes such as melting and element fractionation,by considering entire regional data sets on an objective basis using machine learning algorithms(MLAs),we can highlight new facets within the broader data structure and significantly enhance previous geochemical *** platinum-group element(PGE)budget of lavas in the North Atlantic Igneous Province(NAIP)has been shown to vary systematically according to age,geographic location and geodynamic *** the large multi-element geochemical data set available for the region,MLAs were employed to explore the magmatic controls on these shifting *** key advantage of using machine learning in analysis is its ability to cluster samples across multi-dimensional(i.e.,multi-element)*** NAIP data set is manipulated using Principal component Analysis(PcA)and t-Distributed Stochastic Neighbour Embedding(t-SNE)techniques to increase separability in the data alongside clustering using the k-means *** new multi-element classification is compared to the original geographic classification to assess the performance of both *** workflow provides a means for creating an objective high-dimensional investigation on a geochemical data set and particularly enhances the identification of metallogenic anomalies across the *** techniques used highlight three distinct multi-element end-members which successfully capture the variability of the majority of elements included as input *** end-members are seen to fluctuate in prominence throughout the NAIP,which we propose reflects the changing geodynamic environment and melting ***,the variability of Pt and Pd are not reflected in MLA-based clustering trends,suggesting that they vary independently through controls not readily demonstrated by the NAIP major or trace element data structure(i.e.,other proxies for magmatic differe

关键词： Platinum-group elements Machine learning Plume Geochemistry Metallogenesis Mantle

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Understanding bat ecosystem services on a global scale requires caution and wider collaboration:a critical evaluation of Ramírez-Fráncel et al.(2022)

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Integrative Zoology 2023年第2期18卷 385-390页

作者： Krizler c.TANALGO Kim MccONKEY Paul RAcEY Sheema Abdul AZIZ Tuanjit SRITONGcHUAY alice chughes Tammy MILDENSTEIN center for Integrative conservation Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical GardenChinese Academy of SciencesMenglunChina School of Environmental and Geographical Sciences University of Nottingham MalaysiaSemenyihSelangorMalaysia centre for Ecology and conservation University of ExeterExeterUnited Kingdom Project Pteropus RimbaKuala LumpurMalaysia Helmholtz-centre for Environmental Research-UFZ Department of Computational Landscape EcologyLeipzigGermany Ecology and conservation Research Laboratory(Eco/con Lab) Department of Biological SciencesCollege of Science and MathematicsUniversity of Southern MindanaoKabacanNorth CotabatoPhilippines Department of Biology Cornell CollegeMount VernonIowaUSA School of Biological Sciences The University of Hong KongPokfulamHong KongChina

Global biodiversity is currently in the midst of the sixth mass extinction,and countless species and their key ecosystem services are threatened across different habitats(Vos et al.2015).constructive actions to address the negative impacts of changing conditions require rigorous biodiversity data integration and synthesis to inform effective policy-making decisions(Heberling et al.2021).care is needed to ensure objectivity and remove biases in analyses to avoid generating misleading ***,Ramírez-Fráncel et al.(2022)published a review offering an update on the vital ecosystem services of bats on a global *** applaud the authors for their attempt to conduct an extremely challenging large-scale analysis in major areas of bat ecosystem services.

关键词： services global offering

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草地贪夜蛾对新入侵地区蝙蝠超声波胁迫的行为反应和转录组分析

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生态学报 2024年第20期44卷 8984-8995页

作者：石林云张亚宁江廷磊杨采青孙成 alice catherine hughes 张爱兵首都师范大学生命科学学院北京100048 东北师范大学吉林省动物资源保护与利用重点实验室长春130117 香港大学生物科学学院中国香港特别行政区999077

草地贪夜蛾Spodoptera frugiperda是一种极具破坏性的入侵物种,对粮食作物构成重大威胁。蝙蝠是鳞翅目昆虫的重要天敌之一,控制着鳞翅目昆虫的生存和数量。为探究草地贪夜蛾在到达新的入侵地区后,是否以及如何对入侵地的食虫蝙蝠发出的... 详细信息

草地贪夜蛾Spodoptera frugiperda是一种极具破坏性的入侵物种,对粮食作物构成重大威胁。蝙蝠是鳞翅目昆虫的重要天敌之一,控制着鳞翅目昆虫的生存和数量。为探究草地贪夜蛾在到达新的入侵地区后,是否以及如何对入侵地的食虫蝙蝠发出的超声波做出响应,研究首先观察并记录了草地贪夜蛾在暴露于入侵地蝙蝠超声波前后的行为变化,然后以正常环境中的成虫作为对照,对暴露于蝙蝠超声0.5、3、12、24、48小时和72小时的一日龄雄性草地贪夜蛾转录组进行比较分析。转录组的综合分析为研究蝙蝠超声信号对草地贪夜蛾产生的分子变化提供有价值的信息。行为结果表明,在草地贪夜蛾听觉范围内的入侵地蝙蝠超声波可以显著降低蛾类的行为活动,表明这些信号可能在成虫的行为中起着至关重要的作用。转录组分析表明,蝙蝠超声胁迫诱导了草地贪夜蛾体内广泛的基因表达变化,与对照组相比,不同时长的超声刺激下共鉴定出2389个显著上调基因和2491个显著下调基因,将在多个时间点均显著上调或下调的521个基因定义为草地贪夜蛾对蝙蝠超声响应的关键基因。对这些关键基因的GO和KEGG富集分析进一步揭示了蝙蝠超声胁迫对草地贪夜蛾的不同影响过程,结果显示215个上调基因与神经信号传递、声音感知、听觉受体细胞发育、氧化应激和恐惧反应等过程高度相关,306个下调基因主要富集在各种能量代谢途径和生物合成过程中。通过qRT-PcR实验验证了转录组分析结果的可靠性。研究为草地贪夜蛾应对蝙蝠超声胁迫的生物学和分子机制提供了新的见解,并为今后开发更有效、更环保的方法控制鳞翅目害虫提供更多依据。

关键词：草地贪夜蛾入侵物种超声波胁迫行为活动转录组

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