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Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio, Platelet-to-Lymphocyte Ratio as a Rapid Initial Diagnostic Test for SARS-CoV-2 Infection

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Advances in Infectious Diseases 2022年第2期12卷 241-251页

作者： Mohammed Suleiman Zaroog Dalal Altag Abdalaaty Asad Adam Abbas Nassir Abakar Babiker alia mirghani ahmed Waddah Aljaely Mohammed Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences University of Gezira Wad Medani Sudan Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences University of Gezira Wad Medani Sudan Faculty of Medicine University of Gezira Wad Medani Sudan Blue Nile National Institute for Communicable Diseases University of Gezira Wad Medani Sudan Ministry of Health Gezira State Sudan Medical Laboratory Faculty of Medicine University of Gezira Wad Medani Sudan Gezira Isolation Center Ministry of Health Gezira State Sudan

Background: Reverse Transcriptase-Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) SARS-CoV-2 assay remains the common test used to detect the coronavirus infection worldwide. Complete blood count (CBC) is a rapid and cost-effective test compared to RT-PCR, thus, it would be worthy to find a hematological indicator for SARS-CoV-2 infection. Objectives: This study aims to assess the efficacy of CBC indices as an initial diagnostic test for coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) infection, which might be helpful during the outbreak of the disease. Materials and Methods: A retrospective, hospital based and case control study was carried out at Gezira isolation center for COVID-19, Gezira State, Sudan in the period from January to May 2021. A total of 178 COVID-19 patients with positive RT-PCR SARS-CoV-2 assay result and another 178 volunteers of apparently healthy people were included in this study. CBC as well as D-dimer and C-reactive protein (CRP) were recorded from patient’s file and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) and lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR) were calculated. Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 20. Results: Neutrophil percentage, total white blood cells (TWBCs) and platelet (PLT) were higher in the COVID-19 patients compared to their control, whereas, lymphocyte and monocyte showed lower percentages among the COVID-19 patients. Although the differences that observed in the means of PLT, neutrophils and monocytes between the case and control group were significant, all these mean values of both groups were lying within the normal range. On the other hand, there was a highly significant elevation in NLR and PLR and quite good increasing in LMR level among COVID-19 patients compared to their control. The results of receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis showed that the area under the curve of NLR, PLR and LMR were 0.948 (P. value = 0.00, 95% CI: 0.925 - 0.972), 0.925 (P. value = 0.00

关键词： COVID-19 CBC NLR PLR LMR

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Comparative study of the characterisation and extraction techniques of polyphenolic compounds from Acacia seyal gum

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Food Quality and Safety 2022年第1期6卷 24-33页

作者： ahmed A.M.Elnour Mohamed E.S.mirghani Nassereldeen A.Kabbashi Khalid Hamid Musa Fahimeh Shahabipour Nureddin Ashammakhi Nour Hamid Abdurahman International Institute for Halal Research and Training International Islamic University MalaysiaKuala LumpurMalaysia Bioenvironmental Engineering Research Centre Biotechnology Engineering DepartmentKuliyah of EngineeringInternational Islamic University MalaysiaKuala LumpurMalaysia Institute of Gum Arabic&Desertification Studies University of KordofanElobiedSudan Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition College of Agriculture and Veterinary MedicineQassim UniversityBuraydahKingdom of SaudiArabia Skin Research Centre Shahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran Department of Bioengineering Henry Samueli School of EngineeringUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCAUSA Department of Biomedical Engineering College of EngineeringMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMIUSA Centre of Excellence for Advanced Research in Fluid Flow University Malaysia PahangGambangMalaysia

Background Acacia seyal gum(ASG)is an abundant source of natural polyphenolic compounds(NPPCs)and antioxidant activity with numerous benefits and is often used in cancer *** type of extraction technique can significantly impact the yield and isolation of NPPCs from *** traditional use of maceration extraction reportedly yields fewer *** This study investigated five extraction techniques for NPPCs and ASG antioxidant activity,namely:homogenisation,shaking,ultrasonication,magneticstirring,*** and methods The evaluation of the antioxidant activity(AoA)of the extracted NPPCs from ASG used five assays,namely:total flavonoids content,Folin-Ciocalteu index,2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity,ferric reducing antioxidant power,and cupric *** To minimise the data set dimensionality requires principal component *** ultrasonic and maceration techniques were the best techniques to extract NPPCs and examine the AoA of ASG,with a high correlation between the NPPCs and ***,the maceration process was slow(12 h)compared to ultrasonication(1 h).Slow extraction can result in a decline of the NPPCs due to polyphenol oxidase-enzyme and impact *** These findings provide an essential guide for the choice of extraction techniques for the effective extraction of NPPCs from ASG and other plant materials.

关键词： Polyphenolic extraction gum Arabic comparison of techniques principal component analysis ultrasonication

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Improving Adherence to Prescribed Antidiabetics and Cardiovascular Medications in Primary Health Care Centers in Nyala City, South Darfur State-Sudan

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Pharmacology & Pharmacy 2013年第9期4卷 701-709页

作者： ahmed Dahab ahmed Asim ahmed Elnour mirghani Abd Elrahman Yousif Farah Hamad Farah Hasab Alrasoul Akasha ahmed Osman Abobakr Abasaeed College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences Ajman University of Sciences and Technology Ajman UAE College of Pharmacy Clinical Pharmacy Taif University Taif KSA Consultant Clinical Pharmacist Al Ain Hospital Abu Dhabi Health Services Company (SEHA) Al Ain UAE Department of Pharmacology College of Medicine and Health Sciences UAE University Al Ain UAE Revolving Drug Fund (RDF) Ministry of Health (MOH) Nyala Sudan Department of Pharmaceutics Faculty of Pharmacy Gezira University Medani Sudan Social and Clinical Pharmacy Department Faculty of Pharmacy Charles University Hradec Kralove Czech Republic Registration and Drug Control Department Ministry of Health Abu Dhabi UAE. The Epidemiological Laboratory (Epi-Lab) Khartoum Sudan

Aims: Prospective pharmacist’s interventions aimed to improve patient’s knowledge and behaviors to adhere to medications in patients with type 2 diabetes with or without cardiovascular medical conditions in primary health care (PHCs) centers in Nyala city, South Darfur State, Sudan. Methodology and Materials: 300 patients were enrolled for assessing adherence with the Brief Medication Questionnaire (BMQ) in ten PHCs in Nyala city. We assessed patients’ responses to BMQ pre-and post-interventions plan by: complex interventions, humanitarianism and disease outcomes determined by health-related outcomes (SF-36), glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and blood pressure. Results: BMQ scores have improved significantly in four screens (pre-and post-interventions): regimen [4.6 ± 0.2 to 1.8 ± 0.1;P = 0.001], belief [1.6 ± 0.3 to 0.3 ± 0.3;P = 0.007], recall [1.7 ± 0.2 to 0.6 ± 0.2;P = 0.043] and access screens [1.8 ± 0.1 to 0.4 ± 0.1;P = 0.005];which have indicated an improved patients’ adherence to medications. Percentage of subjects reaching target of post prandial blood glucose (PPBG) have increased from 28.0% to 49.3%;[P = 0.02] post interventions. PPBG mean values have decreased significantly from [11.1 ± 0.6 mmol/L to 8.1 ± 0.8 mmol/L;

关键词： Adherence Darfur Medications Nyala PHCs Sudan

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Optimization of <i>Jatropha</i>Biodiesel Production by Response Surface Methodology

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Green and Sustainable Chemistry 2021年第1期11卷 23-37页

作者： Nurudeen Ishola Mohammed Nassereldeen ahmed Kabbashi Md Zahangir Alam Mohamed Elwathig S. mirghani Bioenvironmental Engineering Research Centre (BERC) Department of Biotechnology Engineering Faculty of Engineering International Islamic University Malaysia Jalan Gombak Kuala Lumpur. Malaysia Chemical and Environmental Engineering Department School of Engineering RMIT University Victoria Australia International Institute for Halal Research and Training (INHART) (IIUM) Kuala Lumpur Malaysia

Cost of biodiesel is primarily because of factors such as the feedstock, production process and materials. Apparently, the final biodiesel product is a bit expensive compared to fossil diesel fuel. While non-food feedstock of high oil content such as Jatropha curcas has been proposed to reduce the cost due to the feedstock, a promising two-step approach of hydro-esterification can possibly offset the production cost for oil resource with high free fatty acids. Most importantly, optimization of the materials and process is expected to reduce wastage, enhance product purity and generate less wastewater. However, optimizing product generation has been dauntingly elusive because several parameters are needed to be considered holistically. In this study, Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was employed to optimize the yield and conversion of Jatropha biodiesel from J. curcas hydrolysate. An optimum Yield and conversion of 96% was achieved for both responses with an optimum temperature value of 60°C, 4 wt% for catalyst loading for 6 hrs reaction time. Findings imply that optimization study of Jatropha curcas hydrolysate for yield and conversion of fatty acid methyl esters using face centered central composite design of Design Expert 6.0.8 can ensure purity of product, conserve energy and reduce waste generation providing a significant frontier in biodiesel pricing.

关键词： Jatropha curcas Esterification Optimization Yield Conversion

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Assessment of Drugs’ Donation Practices in Sudan

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Pharmacology & Pharmacy 2012年第1期3卷 113-118页

作者： Jacob L. Doro Asim F Mustafa ahmed S. Eldalo mirghani A. Yousif 不详

The quality requirements of drug donation are different from those of other donated items. Purpose: To describe and assess key aspects of pharmaceutical donations in Sudan, the kinds of benefits and drawbacks associated with drug donations, and the government controlling role in the donation process. Methods: Retrospective and prospective studies were conducted in the period from April 2007 to Mar 2008 in the Federal Ministry of Health (FMOH) and some working NGOs’ data bases. Some quality aspects of donated drugs were explored. Six randomly selected nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) were examined for the relevance and some aspects of quality of donated drugs such as whether the donated drugs were listed in the National Essential Drug List, or labeled in International Nonproprietary Names, their dosage forms, the language on the package and if the donated drugs were sampled or returned ones. Results: The study showed that most of the donated drugs were relevant to NEDL normative standards. The median times from the date of arrival to the date of expiration were more than 400 days. The time prior to expiration range between 44.8% and 47.5% were found less than one year in arrival. The top ten therapies were accounted for about 40 shipped items. The study was revealed that Sudan did not develop its own guidelines for drug donations and NGOs are making no effort to develop written donation policies. Conclusion: development of national guidelines for drug donations is essential to control the donated drugs in Sudan.

关键词： Assessment Drug Donation Practices Sudan

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Antifertility Activity of Hydroalcoholic Extract of Ocimum Basilicum Linn. Leaves on Female Wistar Rats

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Journal of Reproduction and Contraception 2013年第1期24卷 45-54页

作者： alia Bilal Nasreen Jahan Ajij ahmed Saima Naaz Bilal Shahida Habib Department of Ilmul Advia (Pharmacology) National Institute of Unani Medicine Department of Obstetrics and Gyneacology M.I.J. Tibbiya College Department of Obstetrics and Gyneacology Kashmir Tibbiya College

Objective To determine the effect of hydroalcoholic extract of Ocimum basilicum Linn. leaves on ovulation, implantation and maintenance of pregnancy in adult female cyclic Wistar rats. Methods Ocimum basilicum leaves extract （364 mg/kg and 624 mg/kg） was screened for its antiovulatory, antiimplantation and abortifacient activities. Vaginal smear of each rat was monitored daily during the 15-day treatment of the first experiment. Estimation of cholesterol in ovarian tissue and its histology was carried out to confirm its antiovulatory activity. In the second and third experiments, animals received treatment from 1st to 7th and 8th to 16th day of pregnancy, respectively. The number of implantations and litter size were determined through laparotomy on l Oth and 20th day of pregnancy, respectively in two tests. The treated groups were compared with pain control. Results A significant increase in duration of estrus cycle and diestrus phase was observed （P〈O.O01）. A significant decrease in ovarian weight and notable increase in ovarian tissue cholesterol level was also observed （P〈O. 001）. Weight of uterus in treated group was found to be decreased. Histological report showed presence of large corpora lutea in ovarian parenchyma. Neither antiimplantation nor abortifacient effect was observed in rats treated with both the doses of extract. Conclusion Hydroalcoholic extract of Ocimum basilicum interferes normal ovulation by disrupting the estrus cycle and prolonging diestrus phase thus, has a potential of being developed into a female contraceptive.

关键词： herbal contraceptive ovulation implantation cholesterol estrus cycle vaginal smear rats

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A clinicoepidemiological study of esophageal cancer patients at the National Cancer Institute,Cairo University,Egypt

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Oncology and Translational Medicine 2016年第1期2卷 1-7页

作者： Soumaya Ezzat Hisham EI Hossieny Mohamed Abd alia Azza Nasr Nagwan Anter ahmed Adel Department of Radiation 0ncology National Cancer InstituteCairo UniversityEgypt Department of Clinical 0ncology Faculty of MedicineCairo UniversityEgypt Misr University for Science and Technology Egypt

Objective The purposes of this study were to （1） assess the clinicoepidemiological characteristics of esopha-geal cancer patients, （2） analyze the prognostic factors determining treatment failure and survival, and （3） evaluate the results of various treatment modalities for locoregional and disseminated disease and their ef ect on disease-free survival and overal survival （OS）.Methods Clinicoepidemiological retrospective data from 81 esophageal cancer patients treated at the Na-tional Cancer Institute of Cairo between 2007 and 2011 were evaluated. Results The study showed that patients with esophageal cancer commonly present with local y advanced disease （87.7% had T-stage 3 and 12.3% had T-stage 4）. There was a significant correlation between surgery and survival; patients who received radical surgery and postoperative radiation had a better median survival than patients who received radical radiotherapy （20 months vs. 16 months, respectively; P = 0.04）. There was also a significant statistical correlation between radical concomitant chemoradiotherapy （NCRT） and pal iative treatment. Patients who received radical NCRT had a better median survival than patients who received pal-liative radiotherapy （16 months vs. 10 months, respectively; P = 0.001）. The median fol ow-up period for al patients was 7 months. The median OS of the whole group was 12 months. The OS after 1 and 2 years was 57.8% and 15%, *** High-dose NCRT is an acceptable alternative for patients unfit for surgery or with inoperable disease. High-dose radiation is more ef ective than low-dose radiation in terms of local control, time to relapse, and OS. Further study using a larger series of patients and introducing new treatment protocols is necessary for a final evaluation.

关键词： esophageal cancer epidemiology retrospective trial

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Antibacterial, Antioxidant Activities and GC-MS Analysis of Dichrostachys cinera (L.) Ethanolic Leaves Extract

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Pharmacology & Pharmacy 2022年第12期13卷 545-557页

作者： Sitelbanat Yassin Mohamed Abubker Anwar Mohamed Selma Omer Salah Humeada Elhadi M. M. ahmed mirghani Abd Alrahman Department of Pharmaceutics (Pharmaceutical Microbiology) University of Gezira Wad Madani Sudan Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry University of Gezira Wad Madani Sudan Central Laboratory University of Gezira Wad Madani Sudan Department of Microbiology Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences University of Gezira Wad Madani Sudan Department of Chemistry Faculty of Education West Kordofan University Kordofan Sudan Department of Pharmacognosy University of Gezira Wad Madani Sudan Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research Center University of Gezira Wad Madani Sudan Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice University of Gezira Wad Madani Sudan

Traditional medicinal plants are one of the potential sources of antimicrobial drugs and there is a great concern in the use and development of herbal medicine for the treatment of various infections. This study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial, and antioxidant activities of Dichrostachys cinera ethanolic leaves extract and to determine the components of the crude extract. D. cinera extract was evaluated against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853. The antibacterial, antioxidant activities and active constituents were determined using standard methods. Antibacterial activity of the crude extract findings showed that all bacterial candidates were susceptible where S. aureus represent MIC at 12.5 mg/ml and MBC at 25 mg/ml, E. coli and P. aeruginosa both showed MIC 25 mg/ml and MBC 50 mg/ml. In the free radical scavenging assay of the extract and the standard quercetin at concentrations of 250 μg/ml, 125 μg/ml, 50 μg/ml, 10 μg/ml, and 5 μg/ml. The radical scavenging activity for the extract was about 92%, 89.6%, 86.8%, 82.8% and 37.8% respectively, compared to quercetin which gave 89.7%, 85.8%, 62.1%, 55.5%, and 45% radical scavenging activity. The GC-Ms analysis of the total constituents demonstrated that 1,6-Anhydro-2,4-dideoxy-.beta.-D-ribo-hexo (21.26%) with different peaks, followed by Glycerin (11.56%), 1,2,3-Cyclopentanetriol (10.18%), 8,11,14-Eicosatrienoic acid, (Z,Z,Z)-(6.18%), 1H-Pyrrole, 1-methyl-(6.08%), Phytol (5.91%) and 7-Bromo-6-(2-diethylaminoethoxy)-2,3-dihyd (5.44%) as major components in the extract. Finally, this study provided useful information on the therapeutic potential of D. cinera as an antibacterial agent and recommended to be evaluated against a wide range of Bacterial and fungal strains using different solvents and different parts from the plant.

关键词： Dichrostachys cinera Antibacterial Activity Antioxidant GC MS Analysis

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Shear reinforcement effect of reinforced concrete tie-columns on the lateral resistance of confined masonry walls

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Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration 2016年第2期15卷 313-324页

作者： Samir Bouhedja Abdelkrim Bourzam ahmed Boukhaled Ammar Nechnech University of Sciences and Technology Houari Boumediene(USTHB)Faculty of Civil EngineeringLaboratory of EnvironmentWaterGeomechanics and Structures(LEEGO)BP 32 El AliaBab EzzouarAlgiers16111Algeria University of Sciences and Technology Houari Boumediene(USTHB)Faculty of Civil EngineeringLaboratory of Built Environment Research(LBE)BP 32 El AliaBab EzzouarAlgiers16111Algeria

Tie-columns improve significantly the lateral resistance of masonry bearing walls against persistent, transient and accidental loads. The research work described herein has been carried out to assess the lateral resistance of confined masonry walls, where contribution of the masonry panel is evaluated according to material mechanics and tie-columns effect is estimated by a proposed analytical formulation based on a model reported on previously. This approach takes into account the effect of dowel support on the reaction of its adjacent shear reinforcement： the conditions for the various contributions of transverse reinforcements are better defined following a clear evaluation of the participation ratio of these reinforcements. Lateral resistances of confined masonry walls measured in full-scale tests and gleaned from the literature are compared and checked with resistances calculated using the present approach.

关键词： reinforcement columns confined reinforced walls Shear formulation panel participation herein

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Feasibility of Concurrent Radiotherapy and Paclitaxel-Based Chemotherapy after Conservative Surgery for Breast Cancer

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Journal of Cancer Therapy 2017年第11期8卷 1068-1078页

作者： Hamza Abbas alia M. Attia ahmed A. S. Salem Gamal Amira Adel Gabr Reham El Morshedy Mohamed Hamdy Radiotherapy Department South Egypt Cancer Institute Assiut University Assiut Egypt Surgical Oncology Department South Egypt Cancer Institute Assiut University Assiut Egypt Surgical Oncology Department National Cancer Institute Cairo University Giza Egypt Medical Oncology Department South Egypt Cancer Institute Assiut University Assiut Egypt Chest Department Faculty of Medicine Assiut University Assiut Egypt Radiodiagnosis Department South Egypt Cancer Institute Assiut University Assiut Egypt

Purpose: Our prospective phase II trial aims to show the feasibility of adjuvant paclitaxel-based concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) following doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide (AC) to get the survival benefit of taxanes addition and avoid delay of radiotherapy. Patients and Methods: A total of 63 patients with pT1-2, and pN1-3, M0 breast cancer underwent conservative surgery followed by adjuvant 4 cycles AC followed by 4 cycles Paclitaxel 175 mg/m2 every 3 weeks. Adjuvant radiotherapy started during the first and second cycle of paclitaxel (CCRT). Toxicities evaluated at the base time, weekly during radiation therapy and every 3 months for 24 months for skin, pulmonary, cardiac, lymphedema, subcutaneous fibrosis and cosmoses. Survival reported at 2-year median follow-up. Results: At median follow up time of 24 months (6 - 30), we did not report any toxicity postpone or stop treatment and only two patients had grade III acute dermatitis. Fifty-two patients (82.5%) had satisfactory cosmoses and none of the patients developed local recurrence. Conclusion: Three-weekly paclitaxel during radiotherapy is considered safe without significant complications and acceptable cosmoses with excellent local control and could be considered to avoid radiotherapy delay.

关键词： Breast Cancer BCS Concurrent Radiotherapy and Paclitaxel

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