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Towards.Improving the Quality of Requirement and Tes.ing Proces. in Agile s.ftware Development: An Empirical s.udy

Computers. Materials.and Continua 2024年第3期80卷 3761-3784页

作者： Ilays.I. Hafeez Y. Almas.fi N. ali s. Humayun M. Aqib M. Alwakid G. Univers.ty Ins.itute of Information Technology Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi 46000 Pakistan Department of s.ftware Engineering College of Computer and Information Sciences Jouf University Al Jouf 72388 Saudi Arabia s.hool of Arts.Humanities.and s.cial s.iences University of Roehampton London SW15 5PJ United Kingdom Department of Computer s.ience College of Computer and Information Sciences Jouf University Al Jouf 72388 Saudi Arabia

s.ftware tes.ing is.a critical phas. due to mis.onceptions.about ambiguities.in the requirements.during s.ecification, which affect the tes.ing proces.. Therefore, it is.difficult to identify all faults.in s.ftware. As.requirement changes.continuous.y, it increas.s.the irrelevancy and redundancy during tes.ing. Due to thes. challenges. fault detection capability decreas.s.and there aris.s.a need to improve the tes.ing proces., which is.bas.d on changes.in requirements.s.ecification. In this.res.arch, we have developed a model to res.lve tes.ing challenges.through requirement prioritization and prediction in an agile-bas.d environment. The res.arch objective is.to identify the mos. relevant and meaningful requirements.through s.mantic analys.s.for correct change analys.s. Then compute the s.milarity of requirements.through cas.-bas.d reas.ning, which predicted the requirements.for reus. and res.ricted to error-bas.d requirements. Afterward, the apriori algorithm mapped out requirement frequency to s.lect relevant tes. cas.s.bas.d on frequently reus.d or not reus.d tes. cas.s.to increas. the fault detection rate. Furthermore, the propos.d model was.evaluated by conducting experiments. The res.lts.s.owed that requirement redundancy and irrelevancy improved due to s.mantic analys.s. which correctly predicted the requirements. increas.ng the fault detection rate and res.lting in high us.r s.tis.action. The predicted requirements.are mapped into tes. cas.s. increas.ng the fault detection rate after changes.to achieve higher us.r s.tis.action. Therefore, the model improves.the redundancy and irrelevancy of requirements.by more than 90% compared to other clus.ering methods.and the analytical hierarchical proces., achieving an 80% fault detection rate at an earlier s.age. Hence, it provides.guidelines.for practitioners.and res.archers.in the modern era. In the future, we will provide the working prototype of this.model for proof of concept. Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Publ

关键词： agile s.ftware development cas.-bas.d reas.ning Requirement prediction s.mantic analys.s s.ftware tes.ing

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Phys.cochemical Properties.of Amino Acids.in Aqueous.Caffeine s.lution at 25, 30, 35 and 40℃

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Chines. Journal of Chemis.ry 2006年第11期24卷 1547-1553页

作者： ali, A. s.BIR, s. s.AHJAHAN HYDER, s. Department of Chemis.ry Jamia Millia Islamia (Central University) New Delhi-11 0025 India

Dens.ty, vis.os.ty, and refractive index, for glycine, DL-alanine, L-s.rine and DL-valine have been determined in aqueous.s.lution of 0.05 mol/kg caffeine as.a function of amino acid （AA） concentration at 25, 30, 35, and 40 ℃ The dens.ty data have been us.d to compute apparent molar volume. The partial molar volume （limiting apparent molar volume） was.obtained by applying the Mas.on＇s.equation. The vis.os.ty data have been analyzed by means.of Jones.Dole equation. The values.of Falkenhagen coefficient and Jones.Dole coefficient thus.obtained are us.d to interpret the s.lute-s.lute and s.lute-s.lvent interactions. res.ectively. Hydration number was.als. computed. The trans.tion-s.ate theory was.applied to obtain the activation parameters.of vis.ous.flow, i.e., free energy of activation per mole of s.lvent, and s.lute. The enthalpy and entropy of activation of vis.ous.flow were computed for the s.s.em. Refractive index was.us.d to calculate molar refractivity of the mixtures. The res.lts.have been interpreted in the light of various.interactions.occurring between the components.of the mixtures.under applied experimental conditions.

关键词： amino acid caffeine Falkenhagen coefficient Jones.Dole coefficient molecular interactions

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Middle Eas. res.iratory s.ndrome coronavirus. current s.tuation and travel-as.ociated concerns

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Frontiers.of Medicine 2016年第2期10卷 111-119页

作者： Jaffar A. Al-Tawfiq ali s. Omrani Ziad A. Memis. johns.Hopkins.Aramco Healthcare Dhahran 31311 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Indiana Univers.ty s.hool of Medicine Indianapolis IN 46202-3082 USA Department of Medicine Section of Infectious Diseases King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre Riyadh 11211 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Minis.ry of Health Riyadh 11514 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia College of Medicine Alfaisal University Riyadh 11533 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

The emergence of Middle Eas. res.iratory s.ndrome coronavirus.（MERs.CoV） in 2012 brought back memories.of the occurrence of s.vere acute res.iratory s.ndrome coronavirus.（s.Rs.CoV） in 2002. More than 1500 MERs.CoV cas.s.were recorded in 42 months.with a cas. fatality rate （CFR） of 40%. Meanwhile, 8000 cas.s.of s.Rs.CoV were confirmed in s.x months.with a CFR of 10%. The clinical pres.ntation of MERs.CoV ranges.from mild and non-s.ecific pres.ntation to progres.ive and s.vere pneumonia. No predictive s.gns.or s.mptoms.exis. to differentiate MERs.CoV from community-acquired pneumonia in hos.italized patients. An apparent heterogeneity was.obs.rved in trans.is.ion. Mos. MERs.CoV cas.s.were s.condary to large outbreaks.in healthcare s.ttings. Thes. cas.s.were s.condary to community-acquired cas.s. which may als. caus. family outbreaks. Travel-as.ociated MERs.infection remains.low. However, the virus.exhibited a clear tendency to caus. large outbreaks.outs.de the Arabian Penins.la as.exemplified by the outbreak in the Republic of Korea. In this.review, we s.mmarize the current knowledge about MERs.CoV and highlight travel-related is.ues.

关键词： coronavirus MERs Middle Eas. res.iratory s.ndrome

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s.rengthening of polys.lfone membranes.us.ng hybrid mixtures.of micro- and nano-s.ale modifiers

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Frontiers.of Chemical s.ience and Engineering 2018年第1期12卷 174-183页

作者： Peyman P. s.lakjani Majid Peyravi Mohs.n Jahans.ahi Hamzeh Hos.inpour ali s. Rad s.odabeh Khalili Nanotechnology Res.arch Ins.itute Faculty of Chemical Engineering Babol Noshirvani University of Technology Babol Iran Nuclear s.ience and Technology Res.arch Ins.itute (Ns.RI) Tehran Iran Department of Chemical Engineering Qaemshahr Branch Islamic Azad University Qaemshahr Iran

Polys.lfone （Ps.） membranes.were modified by either a new organic modifier （s.lfonated poly（ether s.lfide s.lfone）, s.Es.） or a traditional modifier （rice hulk）. Thes. membranes.were further reinforced with either multi-walled carbon nanotubes.（MWCNTs. or s.lica nanoparticles. Having a dye rejection of 98.46%, the reinforced membranes.increas.d more than 50% in s.rength but no change in s.lution flux was.obs.rved. The morphological and roughnes. s.udies.were conducted us.ng s.anning electron micros.opy and atomic force micros.opy. Moreover, the Ps. membranes.were als. characterized by differential s.anning calorimetry. Modifying the membranes.with organic modifier or nanofiller increas.s.the glas. trans.tion temperature （Tg）. The highes. Tg and s.rength were obs.rved for the Ps.-s.Es.- MWCNT membrane. s.Es. decreas.s.s.rface roughnes. but MWCNT increas.s.roughnes. on the nanos.ale. All membranes.s.ow a bimodal pore s.ze dis.ribution, whereas.the Ps.-s.Es.-MWCNT membrane exhibits.a relatively uniform dis.ribution of macros.opic and micros.opic pores.

关键词： polys.lfone membrane mechanical proper- ties micro- and nano-modification binary and ternary s.s.em dye removal

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Internet of Things.Enabled DDos.Attack Detection Us.ng Pigeon Ins.ired Optimization Algorithm with Deep Learning Approach

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CMC-COMPUTERs.MATERIALs.& CONTINUA 2024年第3期80卷 4047-4064页

作者： Alghamdi, Turki ali Alotaibi, s.ud s. Umm Al Qura Univ Coll Comp Dept Comp Sci & Artificial Intelligence Mecca 21955 Saudi Arabia

Internet of Things.(IoTs. provides.better s.lutions.in various.fields. namely healthcare, s.art trans.ortation, home, etc. Recognizing Denial of s.rvice (Dos. outbreaks.in IoT platforms.is.s.gnificant in certifying the acces.ibility and integrity of IoT s.s.ems. Deep learning (DL) models.outperform in detecting complex, non-linear relations.ips. allowing them to effectually s.vere s.ight deviations.from normal IoT activities.that may des.gnate a Dos.outbreak. The uninterrupted obs.rvation and real-time detection actions.of DL participate in accurate and rapid detection, permitting proactive reduction events.to be executed, hence s.curing the IoT network's.s.fety and functionality. s.bs.quently, this.s.udy pres.nts.pigeon-ins.ired optimization with a DL-bas.d attack detection and clas.ification (PIODL-ADC) approach in an IoT environment. The PIODL-ADC approach implements.a hyperparameter-tuned DL method for Dis.ributed Denial-of-s.rvice (DDos. attack detection in an IoT platform. Initially, the PIODLADC model utilizes.Z-s.ore normalization to s.ale input data into a uniform format. For handling the convolutional and adaptive behaviors.of IoT, the PIODL-ADC model employs.the pigeon-ins.ired optimization (PIO) method for feature s.lection to detect the related features. cons.derably enhancing the recognition's.accuracy. Als., the Elman Recurrent Neural Network (ERNN) model is.utilized to recognize and clas.ify DDos.attacks. Moreover, reptile s.arch algorithm (Rs.) bas.d hyperparameter tuning is.employed to improve the precis.on and robus.nes. of the ERNN method. A s.ries.of inves.igational validations.is.made to ens.re the accomplis.ment of the PIODL-ADC method. The experimental outcome exhibited that the PIODL-ADC method s.ows.greater accomplis.ment when related to exis.ing models. with a maximum accuracy of 99.81%.

关键词： Internet of things denial of s.rvice deep learning reptile s.arch algorithm feature s.lection

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A Review of Glas. and Crys.allizations.of Glas.-Ceramics

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Advances.in Materials.Phys.cs.and Chemis.ry 2022年第11期12卷 261-288页

作者： ali s. Alzahrani Department of Bas.c Oral Medicine and Allied Dental s.iences College of Dentistry Taif University Taif Saudi Arabia

The fundamental s.ience behind glas. and glas.-ceramics.in relation to res.arch including s.nthes.s. proces.ing, characterization and applications.are critically reviewed in this.paper. The crys.alline s.ructure of the crys.alline phas.s.s.inves.igated in the literature is.als. dis.us.ed. Throughout this.paper, the s.ene is.s.t toward the overall picture of the rationale behind the choice of a glas. s.s.em. Additionally, earlier reviews.do not include the mos. recent literature in this.fas.-moving field. The main methods.of s.nthes.zing glas.es.and glas.-ceramics.are explained and des.ribed in relation to their applications. The paper concludes.with recommendations.for future res.arch.

关键词： Glas. Formation Theories Crys.allization Glas.-Ceramics Proces.ing of Powder and Bulk Glas.es

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Theoretical s.udy of Combus.ion Proces.es.in Aero Gas.Turbines.for Air Craft Engines

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Open Journal of Applied s.iences 2022年第8期12卷 1468-1476页

作者： ali s. Al-s.ahray College of Engineering Jazan University Jazan KSA

Combus.ion proces. involves.various.phys.cal and chemical proces.es.which govern and control flames.initiation in aero gas.turbine engines. During certain flying conditions. at full load, unexpected critical s.tuation may take place in s.ch engines.called blow off conditions. which leads.to flames.diminis.ing in the combus.ion chamber of s.ch engines. Gas.motion, flow velocity and turbulence kinetic energy are the mos. important parameters.in ens.ring flame s.abilities. Thes. parameters.play a tremendous.role and effects.on this.phenomenon. In gas.turbines. the flame exis.s.within a high velocity, non-uniform and intens.ly turbulent flow field, therefore careful temperature control is.vital. Another important factor which mus. be cons.dered to avoid blow off conditions. is.mixture s.rength. Nearly, all modern gas.turbines. due to emis.ions.res.rictions. operate on lean mixture conditions.which are hard to ignite and lower flame temperatures.and thus.more ris. to reach blow off conditions.which leads.to a complete flame extinction. Thes. conditions.may exis. in an air craft engines.due to s.arp changes.in loading parameters. (θs.b>Ls.b>): pres.ure (Ps.b>us.b>), temperature (Ts.b>us.b>), mas. flow rate (), and cros. s.ctional area (As.b>us.b>). At pres.nt there is.no detailed theory of gas.turbine combus.ion. Therefore, we mus. res.rt to s.mple models.and experimental correlations. This.paper inves.igates.the blow-off phenomena in aero gas.turbine engines. its.caus.s.and es.imation of required energy to ens.re recovery (re-ignition) again ins.de the combus.ion chamber. Identifying the conditions.at which blow-off takes.place and as.ociated loading parameters.(θs.b>Ls.b>) which are a function of (A, T, P, and ). The paper als., quantify the recovery conditions.(required energy to re-ignition, change in loading parameter (Δq) Power, Required VHRR: (Volumetric Heat Releas. Rate) and changes.in other loading variables.(ρ: dens.ty, T: Temperature, P: Pres.ur

关键词： Blow Off Re-Ignition Loading Parameters Volumetric Heat Releas. Rate

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Influence of Combus.ion Initial Conditions.on Emis.ions.Production Rates.and Releas.d Heat for Methane Fuel Mixtures

引用

World Journal of Engineering and Technology 2017年第2期5卷 333-339页

作者： ali s. Al-s.ahrani Department of Mechanical Engineering Jazan University Jazan KSA

An es.imation of combus.ion products.(pollutants. which include CO, CO2 and NO mole fraction are reported in this.paper for premixed methane/air flames. Different mixtures.were us.d in this.s.udy, including lean, s.oichiometric and rich s.bjected to varying degrees.of pres.ures.and temperatures.ranging from 5 - 40 bars.and 350 - 600 K, res.ectively. In this.work, computer s.ftware was.us.d to calculate the produced emis.ions.s.ecies.as.well as.the final (adiabatic) temperatures.for each mixture. Res.lts.s.ow that rich mixture of methane fuel produces.the highes. rate for carbon monoxide (CO) with s.ight increas. as.pres.ure and temperature increas.. Where the s.oichiometric mixture produces.the highes. rate of carbon dioxide (CO2). Res.lts.s.owed that this.type of emis.ion decreas.s.with the increas. of pres.ure and temperature. On the other hand, nitric acid (NO) was.found to be the highes. for the lean mixture with s.arp increas. as.pres.ure and temperature increas.. Finally, the combus.ion heat (Q) for each mixture where plotted agains. pres.ure and it was.found that the rich mixture of methane produced the highes. rates. Res.lts.als. s.owed that combus.ion heat increas.s.s.arply with increas.d pres.ures.and temperatures.

关键词： Hydrocarbon Fuel Flames Emis.ions Combus.ion Carbon Oxides Nitric Acid

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Inves.igation of Combus.ion Characteris.ics.of Premixed Propane/Air Flame

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World Journal of Engineering and Technology 2019年第3期7卷 465-471页

作者： ali s. Al-s.ahrani College of Engineering Jazan University Jazan KSA

The combus.ion proces. in hydrocarbon fuels.?involves.complicated chemical reactions.as.ociated with bond braking, radicals.production and heat generation which are res.ons.ble for flames.initiation. The conditions.?s.ch as.pres.ure, temperature and mixture s.rength,?make a s.rong influence on combus.ion. This.paper reports.an inves.igation of combus.ion characteris.ics.of premixed?propane/air flames.and the effects.of initial conditions.on heat production rates. emis.ions.(combus.ion products. and final equilibrium pres.ure and temperature values. Different mixtures.concentrations.were us.d in this.s.udy, including lean, s.oichiometric and rich (f?= 0.8, 1.0, 1.2), s.bject to different pres.ures.and temperatures.ranging from 5?-?40 bars.and 350?-?600 K, res.ectively.?Theelevated pres.ures.and temperatures.values.were deliberately s.lected in this.s.udy to have more data available in the literature to fill in the gap in res.arch and als. to cover conditions.that are s.milar to thos. in engines. in an attempt to have a better unders.anding on how to control emis.ions.from thes. engines.which is.a major concern nowadays. Res.lts.s.ow that rich mixture of propane fuel produces.the highes. rate for carbon monoxide (CO) with s.ight increas. as.pres.ure and temperature increas.,?where the s.oichiometric mixture produces.the highes. rate of carbon dioxide (CO2). It was.noted that this.type of emis.ion decreas.s.with the increas. of pres.ure and temperature. On the other hand, nitric acid (NO) was.found to be the highes. for the lean mixture with s.arp increas. as.pres.ure and temperature increas.. Finally, the combus.ion heat (Q)?is.extracted from each mixture which?plotted agains. pres.ure and it was.als. found that rich mixture of this.fuel produces.the highes. and increas.s.s.arply with increas.d pres.ures.and temperatures.

关键词： Flames Emis.ions Combus.ion Carbon Oxides NOx

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Theoretical Analys.s.of Ignition in Dies.l Engines

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Journal of Power and Energy Engineering 2017年第6期5卷 1-13页

作者： ali s. Al-s.ahrani Department of Mechanical Engineering Jazan University Jazan KSA

The pres.nt work inves.igates.the influence of ignition delay on the dies.l engine performance. A theoretical model is.us.d via a program written by MATLAB, to compute the ignition delay in (ms. for a dies.l engine at identical operation conditions. The ignition delay in the dies.l engines.us.ng different reference dies.l fuels.with different cetane numbers.of 40 and 50 was.inves.igated. Effect of the operating conditions.s.ch as.the engine compres.ion ratios. intake pres.ures.and temperatures.on the ignition delay, was.inves.igated. Influences.of engine s.eed changes.on ignition delay at low, moderate and high conditions.were repres.nted. Comparis.ns.between obtained res.lts.for the two types.of the us.d fuels.were als. repres.nted. The res.lts.s.ow that the ignition delay decreas.s.with increas.ng the engine s.eed, the engine compres.ion ratio, cetane number, intake pres.ure and temperature. The compres.ion ratio caus.s.remarkable reduction in ignition delay.

关键词： Ignition Delay Theoretical Model Identical Operation Conditions Cetane Number

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