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Cancer cachexia,mechanism and treatment

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology 2015年第4期7卷 17-29页

作者： Tomoyoshi Aoyagi Krista P Terracina ali raza Hisahiro Matsubara Kazuaki Takabe Division of Surgical Oncology Department of SurgeryVirginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine and the Massey Cancer Center Department of Frontier Surgery Graduate School of Medicine Chiba University

It is estimated that half of all patients with cancer eventually develop a syndrome of cachexia, with anorexia and a progressive loss of adipose tissue and skeletal muscle mass. Cancer cachexia is characterized by systemic inflammation, negative protein and energy balance, and an involuntary loss of lean body mass. It is an insidious syndrome that not only has a dramatic impact on patient quality of life, but also is associated with poor responsesto chemotherapy and decreased survival. Cachexia is still largely an underestimated and untreated condition, despite the fact that multiple mechanisms are reported to be involved in its development, with a number of cytokines postulated to play a role in the etiology of the persistent catabolic state. Existing therapies for cachexia, including orexigenic appetite stimulants, focus on palliation of symptoms and reduction of the distress of patients and families rather than prolongation of life. Recent therapies for the cachectic syndrome involve a multidisciplinary approach. Combination therapy with diet modification and/or exercise has been added to novel pharmaceutical agents, such as Megestrol acetate, medroxyprogesterone, ghrelin, omega-3-fatty acid among others. These agents are reported to have improved survival rates as well as quality of life. In this review, we will discuss the emerging understanding of the mechanisms of cancer cachexia, the current treatment options including multidisciplinary combination therapies, as well an update on new and ongoing clinical trials.

关键词： Physical exercise Pharmacological treatment Cancer cachexia

1-MCP Regulates Ethanol Fermentation and GABA Shunt Pathway Involved in Kiwifruit Quality During Postharvest Storage

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Horticultural Plant Journal 2021年第1期7卷 23-30页

作者： Maratab ali Muhammad Ammar raza Shenge Li Lichao Zhou Chen Huan Shen Shuling Xiaolin Zheng College of Food Science and Biotechnology Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetables Postharvest and Processing Technology Research of Zhejiang ProvinceZhejiang Gongshang UniversityHangzhou 310018China National Institute of Food Science and Technology Faculty of FoodNutrition and Home SciencesUniversity of AgricultureFaisalabad 38800Pakistan Fruit Professional Cooperative of Huaji Shan in Linhai City LinhaiZhejiang 317000China

Kiwifruit(Actinidia deliciosa)‘Bruno’is prone to accumulate ethanol rapidly after respiratory climacteric during storage at ambient conditions without stresses,which causes quality deterioration of the fruit associated with alcohol *** maintaining the postharvest quality of kiwifruit‘Bruno’,the effects of 1.0μL•L^−11-methylcyclopropene(1-MCP)treatment on regulating the ethanol fermentation andγ-aminobutyric acid(GABA)shunt pathway associated with control of alcohol off-flavor were investigated during storage at room temperature(24±1)°C for 27 *** results showed that 1-MCP treatment significantly reduced the respiration rate,ethylene production,decay rate,ascorbic acid(AsA)loss,and delayed the decline in the firmness and titratable acidity(TA),and the increase in total soluble solid(TSS)in ***,1-MCP treatment effectively inhibited the increases in contents of acetaldehyde,ethanol,and GABA along with the suppressed activities of key enzymes involved in ethanol fermentation and GABA shunt pathway,such as pyruvate decarboxylase(PDC),alcohol dehydrogenase(ADH),glutamate decarboxylase(GAD),and GABA-transaminase(GABA-T)in kiwifruit during *** conclusion,1-MCP treatment efficiently regulated the ethanol fermentation and GABA shunt pathway by delaying the ripening process to avoid the alcohol off-flavor development,thereby contributed to maintaining the quality of the kiwifruit.

关键词： kiwifruit ethanol fermentation GABA shunt pathway 1-methylcyclopropene quality

Structure-Preserving Dynamics of Stochastic Epidemic Model with the Saturated Incidence Rate

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2020年第8期64卷 797-811页

作者： Wasfi Shatanawi Muhammad Shoaib Arif ali raza Muhammad Rafiq Mairaj Bibi Javeria Nawaz Abbasi Department of Mathematics and General Sciences Prince Sultan UniversityRiyadhSaudi Arabia Department of Medical Research China Medical University HospitalChina Medical UniversityTaichung40402Taiwan Department of M-Commerce and Multimedia Applications Asia UniversityTaichung41354Taiwan Stochastic Analysis&Optimization Research Group Department of MathematicsAir UniversityPAF Complex E-9Islamabad44000Pakistan Faculty of Engineering University of Central PunjabLahorePakistan Department of Mathematics Comsats UniversityIslamabadPakistan

The structure-preserving features of the nonlinear stochastic models are positivity,dynamical consistency and *** features have a significant role in different fields of computational biology and many ***,the existing stochastic approaches in literature do not restore aforesaid structure-preserving features,particularly for the stochastic ***,these gaps should be occupied up in literature,by constructing the structure-preserving features preserving numerical *** writing aims to describe the structure-preserving dynamics of the stochastic *** have analysed the effect of reproduction number in stochastic modelling the same as described in the literature for deterministic *** usual explicit stochastic numerical approaches are *** have developed the implicitly driven explicit approach for the stochastic epidemic *** have proved that the newly developed approach is preserving the structural,dynamical properties as positivity,boundedness and dynamical ***,convergence analysis of a newly developed approach and graphically illustration is also presented.

关键词： Epidemic model stochastic numerical approaches convergence analysis

Design of Computer Methods for the Solution of Cervical Cancer Epidemic Model

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第1期70卷 1649-1666页

作者： ali raza Muhammad Rafiq Dalal Alrowaili Nauman Ahmed Ilyas Khan Kottakkaran Sooppy Nisar Muhammad Mohsin Department of Mathematics National College of Business Administration and Economics LahorePakistan Department of Mathematics Faculty of SciencesUniversity of Central PunjabLahore54500Pakistan Mathematics Department College of ScienceJouf UniversityP.O.Box:2014SakakaSaudi Arabia Department of Mathematics and Statistics The University of LahoreLahorePakistan Department of Mathematics College of Science Al-ZulfiMajmaah UniversityAl-Majmaah11952Saudi Arabia Department of Mathematics College of Arts and Science at Wadi AldawaserPrince Sattam bin Abdulaziz UniversityAlkharj11991Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Department of Mathematics Technische Universitat ChemnitzGermany

Nonlinear modelling has a significant role in different disciplines of sciences such as behavioral,social,physical and biological *** structural properties are also needed for such types of disciplines,as dynamical consistency,positivity and boundedness are the major requirements of the models in these *** more thing,this type of nonlinear model has no explicit *** the sake of comparison its computation will be done by using different computational ***,the aforementioned structural properties have not been restored in the existing computational techniques in ***,the construction of structural preserving computational techniques are *** nonlinearmodel for cervical cancer is constructed by parametric perturbation ***-known computer methods are considered for the computation of cervical cancer *** well-known existing methods in literature are Euler Maruyama,Euler and Runge *** finite difference method or Implicitly driven explicit method is first time considered for aforesaid model under the assumptions given byMickens in a stochastic ***,the aforementioned existing methods did not reinstate structural properties of cervical cancer dynamics in the human *** plannedmethod is structural preserving and a powerful tool for all nonlinear models of biomedical engineering *** have verified that existing computational methods do not preserve dynamical ***,the implicitly driven explicit method is a good device for dynamical *** the support of assertions,convergence analysis of implicitly driven explicit method is presented.

关键词： Cervical cancer model differential equations computer methods convergence analysis

A Reliable Stochastic Numerical Analysis for Typhoid Fever Incorporating With Protection Against Infection

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2019年第6期59卷 787-804页

作者： Muhammad Shoaib Arif ali raza Muhammad Rafiq Mairaj Bibi Rabia Fayyaz Mehvish Naz Umer Javed Department of Mathematics Air UniversityPAF Complex E-9Islamabad44000Pakistan Faculty of Engineering University of Central PunjabLahore54500Pakistan Department of Mathematics Comsats UniversityChak Shahzad CampusIslamabad44000Pakistan Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Comsats UniversityWah Campus47040IslambadPakistan

In this paper,a reliable stochastic numerical analysis for typhoid fever incorporating with protection against infection has been *** have compared the solutions of stochastic and deterministic typhoid fever *** has been shown that the stochastic typhoid fever model is more realistic as compared to the deterministic typhoid fever *** effect of threshold number T*hold in stochastic typhoid fever *** proposed framework of the stochastic non-standard finite difference scheme(SNSFD)preserves all dynamical properties like positivity,bounded-ness and dynamical consistency defined by Mickens,*** stochastic numerical simulation of the model showed that increase in protection leads to low disease prevalence in a population.

关键词： Typhoid fever stochastic differential equations euler maruyama scheme stochastic euler scheme stochastic runge-kutta scheme stochastic NSFD scheme

Bio-Inspired Modelling of Disease Through Delayed Strategies

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第12期73卷 5717-5734页

作者： Arooj Nasir Dumitru Baleanu ali raza Pervez Anwar Nauman Ahmed Muhammad Rafiq Tahir Nawaz Cheema Baqai Medical University Karachi75340Pakistan Shalamar Medical and Dental College Lahore54000Pakistan Department of Mathematics Cankaya UniversityBalgatAnkara06530Turkey Department of Medical Research China Medical UniversityTaichung40402Taiwan Institute of Space Sciences Magurele-Bucharest077125Romania Department of Mathematics Govt.Maulana Zafar Ali Khan Graduate College WazirabadPunjab Higher Education Department(PHED)Lahore54000Pakistan Department of Biochemistry University of SialkotSialkot51310Pakistan Department of Mathematics and Statistics The University of LahoreLahore54590Pakistan Department of Mathematics Faculty of SciencesUniversity of Central PunjabLahore54000Pakistan Department of Mathematics University of GujratGujrat52000Pakistan

In 2020,the reported cases were 0.12 million in the six regions to the official report of the World Health Organization(WHO).For most children infected with leprosy,0.008629 million cases were detected under *** total infected ratio of the children population is approximately 4.4 *** to theCOVID-19 pandemic,the awareness programs implementation has been *** disease still has a threat and puts people in *** delayed modeling is critical in various allied sciences,including computational biology,computational chemistry,computational physics,and computational economics,to name a *** time delay effect in treating leprosy delayed epidemic model is *** whole population is divided into four groups:those who are susceptible,those who have been exposed,those who have been infected,and those who have been *** local and global stability of well-known conclusions like the Routh Hurwitz criterion and the Lyapunov function has been *** parameters’sensitivity is also *** analytical analysis is supported by computer results that are presented in a variety of *** proposed approach in this paper preserves equilibrium points and their stabilities,the existence and uniqueness of solutions,and the computational ease of implementation.

关键词： Leprosy disease delayed model stability analysis computer results

Compact Multibeam Array with Miniaturized Butler Matrix for 5G Applications

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第7期72卷 925-937页

作者： Suleiman A.Babale Muhammad K.Ishfaq ali raza Jamal Nasir Ahmad Fayyaz Umer Ijaz Department of Electrical Engineering Bayero UniversityKanoNigeria Department of Electrical Engineering Government College University FaisalabadPakistan Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering COMSATS University IslamabadAbbottabad CampusPakistan

This paper presents the design and implementation of a miniaturized beam steering network that produces broadside beams when it is fed with a compact antenna *** Matrix(BM)was used as the beam steering *** was completely built from a miniaturized 3 dB hybrid-couplers in planar microstrip *** was configured by feeding the BM with a Planar Inverted-E Antenna(PIEA)array separated at 0.3λas against the 0.5λ*** makes the BM produce a major radiation pattern at the *** from the miniaturization,no modification was made from the BM ***,employing effective mutual coupling reduction techniques helped to design the compact PIEA *** validity of this BM based multibeam PIEA array was demonstrated by comparing the simulation results of the reflection coefficients,transmissions coefficients and the radiation pattern with *** measurement results showed good agreement with simulations.

关键词： Beam steering compact butler matrix grating lobe and mutual coupling PIEA array

Stochastic Analysis for the Dynamics of a Poliovirus Epidemic Model

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Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2023年第7期136卷 257-275页

作者： ali raza Dumitru Baleanu Zafar Ullah Khan Muhammad Mohsin Nauman Ahmed Muhammad Rafiq Pervez Anwar Department of Mathematics Government Maulana Zafar Ali Khan Graduate College WazirabadPunjab Higher Education Department(PHED)Lahore54000Pakistan Department of Mathematics Cankaya UniversityBalgatAnkara06530Turkey Department of Medical Research China Medical UniversityTaichung40402Taiwan Institute of Space Sciences Magurele-Bucharest077125Romania Department of Dermatology Rashid Latif Medical College LahoreLahore54000Pakistan Department of Mathematics Technische Universitat ChemnitzChemnitz6209111Germany Department of Mathematics and Statistics The University of LahoreLahore54590Pakistan Department of Mathematics Faculty of Science and TechnologyUniversity of Central PunjabLahore54000Pakistan Department of Biochemistry University of SialkotSialkot51311Pakistan

Most developing countries such as Afghanistan,Pakistan,India,Bangladesh,and many more are still fighting against *** to the World Health Organization,approximately eighteen million people have been infected with poliovirus in the last two *** Asia,still,some countries are suffering from the *** stochastic behavior of the poliovirus through the transition probabilities and non-parametric perturbation with fundamental properties are *** basic properties of the deterministic model are studied,equilibria,local stability around the stead states,and reproduction *** Maruyama,stochastic Euler,and stochastic Runge-Kutta study the behavior of complex stochastic differential *** main target of this study is to develop a nonstandard computational method that restores dynamical features like positivity,boundedness,and dynamical ***,the existing methods failed to fix the actual behavior of the *** comparison of the proposed approach with existing methods is investigated.

关键词： Poliovirus model differential equations methods analysis

Numerical Investigation of Malaria Disease Dynamics in Fuzzy Environment

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2023年第2期74卷 2345-2361页

作者： Fazal Dayan Dumitru Baleanu Nauman Ahmed Jan Awrejcewicz Muhammad Rafiq ali raza Muhammad Ozair Ahmad Department of Mathematics School of ScienceUniversity of Management and TechnologyLahore54000Pakistan Department of Mathematics Cankaya UniversityBalgatAnkara06530Turkey Department of Medical Research China Medical UniversityTaichung40402Taiwan Institute of Space Sciences Magurele-Bucharest077125Romania Department of Mathematics and Statistics University of LahoreLahore54000Pakistan Department of Automation Biomechanics and MechatronicsLodz University of Technology1/15 Stefanowskiego St.90-924LodzPoland Department of Mathematics Faculty of Science&TechnologyUniversity of Central PunjabLahore54000Pakistan Department of Mathematics Govt.Maulana Zafar Ali Khan Graduate College WazirabadPunjab Higher Education Department(PHED)Lahore54000Pakistan

The application of fuzzy theory is vital in all scientific *** construction of mathematical models with fuzziness is little studied in the *** this in mind and for a better understanding of the disease,an SEIR model of malaria transmission with fuzziness is examined in this study by extending a classicalmodel ofmalaria *** parametersβandδ,being function of the malaria virus load,are considered fuzzy *** steady states and the reproduction number of the model are analyzed in fuzzy senses.A numerical technique is developed in a fuzzy environment to solve the studied model,which retains essential properties such as positivity and dynamic ***,numerical simulations are carried out to illustrate the analytical results of the developed *** most of the classical methods in the literature,the proposed approach converges unconditionally and can be considered a reliable tool for studying malaria disease dynamics.

关键词： SIER model fuzzy parameters malaria NSFD scheme stability