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Optimal Deep Reinforcement Learning for Intrusion Detection in UAVs

Computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第2期70卷 2639-2653页

作者： V.Praveena A.Vijayaraj P.Chinnasamy Ihsan ali Roobaea Alroobaea Saleh Yahya Alyahyan Muhammad Ahsan raza Department of Computer Science and Engineering Dr.N.G.P Institute of TechnologyCoimbatore641048India Department of Information Technology Vignan’s Foundation for ScienceTechnology&ResearchGuntur522213India Department of Information Technology Sri Shakthi Institute of Engineering and TechnologyCoimbatore641062India Department of Computer System and Technology Faculty of Computer Science and Information TechnologyUniversity of MalayaKuala Lumpur50603Malaysia Department of Computer Science College of Computers and Information TechnologyTaif UniversityTaif21944Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Science Community College in DwadmiShaqra University11961Saudi Arabia Department of Information Technology Bahauddin Zakariya UniversityMultan60000Pakistan

In recent years,progressive developments have been observed in recent technologies and the production cost has been continuously *** such scenario,Internet of Things(IoT)network which is comprised of a set of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles(UAV),has received more attention from civilian tomilitary *** network security poses a serious challenge to UAV networks whereas the intrusion detection system(IDS)is found to be an effective process to secure the UAV *** IDSs are not adequate to handle the latest computer networks that possess maximumbandwidth and data *** order to improve the detection performance and reduce the false alarms generated by IDS,several researchers have employed Machine Learning(ML)and Deep Learning(DL)algorithms to address the intrusion detection *** this view,the current research article presents a deep reinforcement learning technique,optimized by BlackWidow Optimization(DRL-BWO)algorithm,for UAV *** addition,DRL involves an improved reinforcement learning-based Deep Belief Network(DBN)for intrusion *** parameter optimization of DRL technique,BWO algorithm is *** helps in improving the intrusion detection performance of UAV *** extensive set of experimental analysis was performed to highlight the supremacy of the proposed *** the simulation values,it is evident that the proposed method is appropriate as it attained high precision,recall,F-measure,and accuracy values such as 0.985,0.993,0.988,and 0.989 respectively.

关键词： Intrusion detection UAV networks reinforcement learning deep learning parameter optimization

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Computational Analysis for Computer Network Model with Fuzziness

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Intelligent Automation & Soft Computing 2023年第8期37卷 1909-1924页

作者： Wafa F.Alfwzan Dumitru Baleanu Fazal Dayan Sami Ullah Nauman Ahmed Muhammad Rafiq ali raza Department of Mathematical Sciences College of SciencePrincess Nourah bint Abdulrahman UniversityP.O.Box 84428Riyadh11671Saudi Arabia Department of Mathematics Cankaya UniversityBalgatAnkara06530Turkey Institute of Space Sciences Magurele-Bucharest077125Romania Department of Computer Science and Mathematics Lebanese American UniversityBeirutLebanon Department of Mathematics School of ScienceUniversity of Management and TechnologyLahore54000Pakistan Department of Mathematics and Statistics University of LahoreLahore54590Pakistan Department of Mathematics Faculty of Science and TechnologyUniversity of Central PunjabLahore54000Pakistan Near East University Mathematics Research CenterDepartment of MathematicsNear East BoulevardPC:99138Nicosia/Mersin 10Turkey Department of Mathematics Govt.Maulana Zafar Ali Khan Graduate College WazirabadPunjab Higher Education Department(PHED)Lahore54000Pakistan

A susceptible,exposed,infectious,quarantined and recovered(SEIQR)model with fuzzy parameters is studied in this *** in the model arises due to the different degrees of susceptibility,exposure,infectivity,quarantine and recovery among the computers under consideration due to the different sizes,models,spare parts,the surrounding environments of these PCs and many other factors like the resistance capacity of the individual PC against the virus,*** individual PC has a different degree of infectivity and resis-tance against *** this scenario,the fuzzy model has richer dynamics than its classical counterpart in *** reproduction number of the developed model is studied and the equilibrium analysis is *** different techniques are employed to solve the model *** simulations are performed and the obtained results are *** and convergence are maintained by the suggested technique which are the main features of the epidemic models.

关键词： NSFD method computer virus fuzzy parameters convergence stability

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Cosmetic evaluation of surgical scars after external dacryocystorhinostomy

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2016年第12期9卷 1745-1750页

作者： Syed ali raza Rtzvi Mohammad Saquib Rakesh Maheshwari Yogesh Gupta Zafr Igbal Purleet Maheshwari Institute of Ophthalmology Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College AMU Aligarh.UP 202002 India Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College AMU Aligarh.UP 202002 India Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology Era's Lucknow Medical College and Hospital Lucknow.UP 226003 India

AIM： To evaluate the surgical scars of external dacryocystorhinostomy （DCR） cosmetically. METHODS： Totally 50 consecutive cases of primary acquired nasolacrimal duct obstruction （PANDO） were included in the study. Surgical scars were assessed by the patients and two independent observers at 2, 6 and 12wk postoperatively on the basis of visibility of the scars and still photographs respectively and were graded from 0-3. Kappa test was utilised to check the agreement of scar grading between the two observers. Wilcoxan signed ranks test was used to analyse the improvement of scar ***： Thirty-four （68%） patients graded their incision site as very visible （grade 3） at 2wk. At 6 and 12wk, incision site was observed as grade 3 by 7 （14%） and 1 （2%） patients respectively. Photographic evaluation of patients by 2 observers showed an average score of 2.75, 1.94 and 0.94 at 2, 6 and 12wk respectively. Change in scar grading from grade 3 to grade 0 in consecutive follow-up （2, 6 and 12wk） was found to be highly significant both for the patient as well for the observers （P〈0.0001）.CONCLUSION： The external DCR is a highly effective and safe procedure and in view of low percentage of cases who complained of marked scarring in the present study, thus scarring should not be the main ground for deciding the approach to DCR surgery, even in young cosmetically conscious patients.

关键词： cosmetic surgical scar external dacryocystorhinostomy primary acquired nasolacrimal duct obstruction

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Examination of Pine Wilt Epidemic Model through Efficient Algorithm

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第6期71卷 5293-5310页

作者： ali raza Emad E.Mahmoud A.M.Al-Bugami Dumitru Baleanu Muhammad Rafiq Muhammad Mohsin Muneerah Al Nuwairan Department of Mathematics Govt.Maulana Zafar Ali Khan Graduate College WazirabadPunjab Higher Education Department(PHED)Lahore54000Pakistan Department of Mathematics College of ScienceTaif UniversityTaif21944Saudi Arabia Department of Mathematics Cankaya UniversityBalgatAnkara06530Turkey Department of Medical Research China Medical UniversityTaichung40402Taiwan Department of Mathematics Faculty of SciencesUniversity of Central PunjabLahore54600Pakistan Department of Mathematics Technische Universitat Chemnitz6209111Germany Department of Mathematics and Statistics King Faisal UniversityAl Ahsa31982Saudi Arabia

Pine wilt is a dramatic disease that kills infected trees within a few weeks to a few *** cause is the pathogen Pinewood *** plant-parasitic nematodes are attached to plant roots,but pinewood nematodes are found in the tops of *** kill the tree by feeding the cells around the resin *** modeling of a pine wilt disease is based on six compartments,including three for plants(susceptible trees,exposed trees,and infected trees)and the other for the beetles(susceptible beetles,exposed beetles,and infected beetles).The deterministic modeling,along with subpopulations,is based on Law of mass *** stability of the model along with equilibria is studied *** authentication of analytical results is examined through well-known computer methods like Non-standard finite difference(NSFD)and the model’s feasible properties(positivity,boundedness,and dynamical consistency).In the end,comparison analysis shows the effectiveness of the NSFD algorithm.

关键词： Pine wilt disease modeling NSFD algorithm linearization of NSFD algorithm results

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Evaluating the Effects of Sustainable Chemical and Organic Fertilizers with Water Saving Practice on Corn Production and Soil Characteristics

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Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany 2023年第5期92卷 1349-1360页

作者： Xuejun Zhang Muhammad Amjad Bashir Qurat-Ul-Ain raza Xiaotong Liu Jianhang Luo Ying Zhao Qiuliang Lei Hafiz Muhammad ali raza Abdur Rehim Yucong Geng Hongbin Liu Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry SciencesYinchuan750002China Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology Bahauddin Zakariya UniversityMultan60800Pakistan University of Layyah Layyah31200Pakistan Key Laboratory of Nonpoint Source Pollution Control Ministry of AgricultureInstitute of Agricultural Resources and Regional PlanningChinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(CAAS)Beijing100081China

The rapidly growing world population,water shortage,and food security are promising problems for sustainable *** adopt higher irrigation and fertilizer applications to increase crop production resulting in environmental *** study aimed to identify the long-term effects of intelligent water and fertilizers used in corn yield and soil nutrient status.A series of field experiments were conducted for six years with treatments as:farmer accustomed to fertilization used as control(CON),fertilizer decrement(KF),fertilizer decrement+watersaving irrigation(BMP1);combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizer+water-saving irrigation(BMP2),and combined application of controlled-release fertilizer(BMP3).A significant improvement was observed in soil organic matter(14.9%),nitrate nitrogen(106.7%),total phosphorus(23.9%),available phosphorus(26.2%),straw yield(44.8%),and grain yield(54.7%)with BMP2 treatment as compared to *** study concludes that integrating chemical and organic fertilizers with water-saving irrigation(BMP2)is a good approach to increasing corn productivity,ensuring water safety and improving soil *** limitations of the current study include the identification of fertilizer type and its optimum dose,irrigation water type,and geographical position.

关键词： Chemical fertilizer soil quality sustainable agriculture water management

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Multi Sensor-Based Implicit User Identification

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2021年第8期68卷 1673-1692页

作者： Muhammad Ahmad Rana Aamir raza Manuel Mazzara Salvatore Distefano ali Kashif Bashir Adil Khan Muhammad Shahzad Sarfraz Muhammad Umar Aftab Department of Computer Science National University of Computer and Emerging SciencesChiniot35400Pakistan Department of Computer Science Bahauddin Zakariya UniversityMultan66000Pakistan Institute of Software Development and Engineering Innopolis UniversityInnopolis420500Russia Dipartimento di Matematica e Informatica—MIFT University of MessinaMessina98121Italy Department of Computing and Mathematics Manchester Metropolitan UniversityManchesterUK

Smartphones have ubiquitously integrated into our home and work environments,however,users normally rely on explicit but inefficient identification processes in a controlled ***,when a device is stolen,a thief can have access to the owner’s personal information and services against the stored *** a result of this potential scenario,this work proposes an automatic legitimate user identification system based on gait biometrics extracted from user walking patterns captured by smartphone sensors.A set of preprocessing schemes are applied to calibrate noisy and invalid samples and augment the gait-induced time and frequency domain features,then further optimized using a non-linear unsupervised feature selection *** selected features create an underlying gait biometric representation able to discriminate among individuals and identify them *** classifiers are adopted to achieve accurate legitimate user *** experiments on a group of 16 individuals in an indoor environment show the effectiveness of the proposed solution:with 5 to 70 samples per window,KNN and bagging classifiers achieve 87–99%accuracy,82–98%for ELM,and 81–94%for *** proposed pipeline achieves a 100%true positive and 0%false-negative rate for almost all classifiers.

关键词： Sensors smartphone legitimate user identification

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Bio-Inspired Computational Methods for the Polio Virus Epidemic Model

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第8期72卷 2357-2374页

作者： Fatimah Abdulrahman Alrawajeh F.M.Allehiany ali raza Shaimaa A.M.Abdelmohsen Tahir Nawaz Cheema Muhammad Rafiq Muhammad Mohsin Department of Mathematics Faculty of Science CollegeImam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University(IAU)Dammam31441Saudi Arabia Department of Mathematical Sciences College of Applied SciencesUmm Al-Qura UniversityP.O.Box 715Makkah21955Saudi Arabia Department of Mathematics Govt.Maulana Zafar Ali Khan Graduate College Wazirabad52000Punjab Higher Education Department(PHED)Lahore54000Pakistan Department of Physics College of SciencePrincess Nourah bint Abdulrahman UniversityRiyadh 11671Saudi Arabia Department of Mathematics University of GujratGujrat50700Pakistan Department of Mathematics Faculty of SciencesUniversity of Central PunjabLahore54600Pakistan Department of Mathematics Technische Universitat Chemnitz6209111Germany

In 2021,most of the developing countries are fighting polio,and parents are concerned with the disabling of their *** transmits from person to person,which can infect the spinal cord,and paralyzes the parts of the body within a matter of *** to the World Health Organization(WHO),18 million currently healthy people could have been paralyzed by the virus during 1988–*** all countries but Pakistan,Afghanistan,and a fewmore have been declared *** mathematical modeling of poliovirus is studied in the population by categorizing it as susceptible individuals(S),exposed individuals(E),infected individuals(I),and recovered individuals(R).In this study,we study the fundamental properties such as positivity and boundedness of the *** also rigorously study the model’s stability and equilibria with or without *** numerical study,we design the Euler,Runge–Kutta,and nonstandard finite difference ***,the standard techniques are time-dependent and fail to present the results for an extended *** nonstandard finite difference method works well to study disease dynamics for a long time without any ***,the results of different methods are compared to prove their effectiveness.

关键词： Poliovirus modeling stability results computational methods

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Emerging Trends in Social Networking Systems and Generation Gap with Neutrosophic Crisp Soft Mapping

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Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2023年第8期136卷 1759-1783页

作者： Muhammad Riaz Masooma raza Hashmi Faruk Karaaslan Aslıhan Sezgin Mohammed M.ali Al Shamiri Mohammed M.Khalaf Department of Mathematics University of the PunjabLahorePakistan Department of Mathematics CankırıKaratekin UniversityCankırıTurkey Department of Mathematics and Science Education Amasya UniversityAmasyaTurkey Department of Mathematics Faculty of Science and ArtsKing Khalid UniversityMuhayl AssirSaudi Arabia Department of Mathematics and Computer Faculty of ScienceIbb UniversityIbbYemen Higher Institute of Engineering and Technology King Marriott AlexandriaEgypt Faculty of Engineering Arab Academy for Science&Technology and Maritime Transport(AASTMT)Aswan BranchEgypt

This paper aims to introduce the novel concept of neutrosophic crisp soft set(NCSS),including various types of neutrosophic crisp soft sets(NCSSs)and their fundamental *** define NCS-mapping and its inverse NCS-mapping between two *** develop a robust mathematical modeling with the help of NCS-mapping to analyze the emerging trends in social networking systems(SNSs)for our various *** investigate the advantages,disadvantages,and natural aspects of SNSs for five *** the changing of the generations,it is analyzed that emerging trends and the benefits of SNSs are increasing day by *** suggested modeling with NCS-mapping is applicable in solving various decision-making problems.

关键词： Neutrosophic crisp soft set operations of NCSSs NCS-mapping inverse NCS-mapping social networking systems decision-making

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Hyperspectral anomaly detection:a performance comparison of existing techniques

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International Journal of Digital Earth 2022年第1期15卷 2078-2125页

作者： Noman raza Shah Abdur Rahman M.Maud Farrukh Aziz Bhatti Muhammad Khizer ali Khurram Khurshid Moazam Maqsood Muhammad Amin iVISION Lab Electrical Engineering DepartmentInstitute of Space TechnologyIslamabadPakistan AI Enabling Technologies Lab Center of Excellence in Artificial IntelligenceBahria UniversityIslamabadPakistan Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Pak-Austria Fachhochschule:Institute of Applied Sciences and TechnologyHaripurPakistan Avionics Engineering Department Institute of Space TechnologyIslamabadPakistan

Anomaly detection in Hyperspectral Imagery(HSI)has received considerable attention because of its potential application in several *** anomaly detection algorithms for HSI have been proposed in the literature;however,due to the use of different datasets in previous studies,an extensive performance comparison of these algorithms is *** this paper,an overview of the current state of research in hyperspectral anomaly detection is presented by broadly dividing all the previously proposed algorithms into eight different *** addition,this paper presents the most comprehensive comparative analysis to-date in hyperspectral anomaly detection by evaluating 22 algorithms on 17 different publicly available *** indicate that attribute and edge-preserving filtering-based detection(AED),local summation anomaly detection based on collaborative representation and inverse distance weight(LSAD-CR-IDW)and local summation unsupervised nearest regularized subspace with an outlier removal anomaly detector(LSUNRSORAD)perform better as indicated by the mean and median values of area under the receiver operating characteristic(ROC)***,this paper studies the effect of various dimensionality reduction techniques on anomaly *** indicate that reducing the number of components to around 20 improves the performance;however,any further decrease deteriorates the performance.

关键词： Anomaly detection algorithms hyperspectral imagery deep learning dimensionality reduction

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Optimality of Solution with Numerical Investigation for Coronavirus Epidemic Model

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2021年第5期67卷 1713-1728页

作者： Naveed Shahid Dumitru Baleanu Nauman Ahmed Tahira Sumbal Shaikh ali raza Muhammad Sajid Iqbal Muhammad Rafiq Muhammad Aziz-ur Rehman Department of Mathematics and Statistics The University of LahoreLahorePakistan Department of Mathematics University of Management and TechnologyLahorePakistan Department of Mathematics Cankaya UniversityBalgatAnkara06530Turkey Department of Medical Research China Medical University HospitalChina Medical UniversityTaichungTaiwanChina Institute of Space Sciences Magurele-BucharestRomania Department of Mathematics Lahore College for Women UniversityLahorePakistan Department of Mathematics National College of Business Administration and Economics LahorePakistan Department of Mathematics Faculty of SciencesUniversity of Central PunjabLahorePakistan

The novel coronavirus disease,coined as COVID-19,is a murderous and infectious disease initiated from Wuhan,*** killer disease has taken a large number of lives around the world and its dynamics could not be controlled so *** this article,the spatio-temporal compartmental epidemic model of the novel disease with advection and diffusion process is projected and *** counteract these types of diseases or restrict their spread,mankind depends upon mathematical modeling and medicine to reduce,alleviate,and anticipate the behavior of disease *** existence and uniqueness of the solution for the proposed system are ***,the solution to the considered system is made possible in a well-known functions *** this purpose,a Banach space of function is chosen and the solutions are optimized in the closed and convex subset of the *** essential explicit estimates for the solutions are investigated for the associated auxiliary *** numerical solution and its analysis are the crux of this ***,the consistency,stability,and positivity are the indispensable and core properties of the compartmental models that a numerical design must *** this end,a nonstandard finite difference numerical scheme is developed to find the numerical solutions which preserve the structural properties of the continuous *** M-matrix theory is applied to prove the positivity of the *** results for the consistency and stability of the design are also presented in this *** plausibility of the projected scheme is indicated by an appropriate *** simulations are also exhibited to conclude the results.

关键词： Spatio-temporal advection diffusion explicit estimates auxiliary data M-matrix

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