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Influence of tribology on global energy consumption, costs and emissions

Friction 2017年第3期5卷 263-284页

作者： Kenneth HOLMBERG ali erdemir VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland VTTFI-02044 Finland Argonne National Laboratory Argonne IL 60439 USA

Calculations of the impact of friction and wear on energy consumption,economic expenditure,and CO2 emissions are presented on a global *** impact study covers the four main energy consuming sectors:transportation,manufacturing,power generation,and *** published four case studies on passenger cars,trucks and buses,paper machines and the mining industry were included in our detailed calculations as reference data in our current *** following can be concluded:-In total,～23％ (119 EJ) of the world's total energy consumption originates from tribological *** that 20％ (103 EJ) is used to overcome friction and 3％ (16 EJ) is used to remanufacture worn parts and spare equipment due to wear and wear-related failures.-By taking advantage of the new surface,materials,and lubrication technologies for friction reduction and wear protection in vehicles,machinery and other equipment worldwide,energy losses due to friction and wear could potentially be reduced by 40％ in the long term (15 years)and by 18％ in the short term (8 years).On global scale,these savings would amount to 1.4％ of the GDP annually and 8.7％ of the total energy consumption in the long term.-The largest short term energy savings are envisioned in transportation (25％) and in the power generation (20％) while the potential savings in the manufacturing and residential sectors are estimated to be ～10％.In the longer terms,the savings would be 55％,40％,25％,and 20％,respectively.-Implementing advanced tribological technologies can also reduce the CO2 emissions globally by as much as 1,460 MtCO2 and result in 450,000 million Euros cost savings in the short *** the longer term,the reduction can be 3,140 MtCO2 and the cost savings 970,000 million *** years ago,wear and wear-related failures were a major concern for UK industry and their mitigation was considered to be the major contributor to potential economic savings by as much as 95％ in ten years by the development and dep

关键词： friction wear energy saving emission reduction

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Achieving superlubricity in DLC films by controlling bulk, surface, and tribochemistry

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Friction 2014年第2期2卷 140-155页

作者： ali erdemir Osman ERYILMAZ Energy Systems Division Argonne National Laboratory9700 S.Cass AvenueArgonneIL 60439USA

Superlubricity refers to a sliding regime in which contacting surfaces move over one another without generating much adhesion or friction[1].From a practical application point of view,this will be the most ideal tribological situation for many moving mechanical systems mainly because friction consumes large amounts of energy and causes greenhouse gas emissions[2].Superlubric sliding can also improve performance and durability of these *** this paper,we attempt to provide an overview of how controlled or targeted bulk,surface,or tribochemistry can lead to superlubricity in diamond-like carbon(DLC)***,we show that how providing hydrogen into bulk and near surface regions as well as to sliding contact interfaces of DLC films can lead to super-low friction and *** of hydrogen into bulk DLC or near surface regions can be done during deposition or through hydrogen plasma treatment after the *** can also be fed into the sliding contact interfaces of DLCs during tribological testing to reduce *** to favorable tribochemical interactions,these interfaces become very rich in hydrogen and thus provide super-low friction after a brief run-in *** of the method used,when sliding surfaces of DLC films are enriched in hydrogen,they then provide some of the lowest friction coefficients(i.e.,down to 0.001).Time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometer(TOF-SIMS)is used to gather evidence on the extent and nature of tribochemical interactions with *** on the tribological and surface analytical findings,we provide a mechanistic model for the critical role of hydrogen on superlubricity of DLC films.

关键词： Superlubricity diamond-like carbon TOF-SIMS test environment lubrication mechanisms

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Guest editorial: Special issue on superlubricity

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Friction 2014年第2期2卷 93-94页

作者： ali erdemir Jianbin LUO Energy Systems Division Argonne National LaboratoryArgonneIL 60439USA State Key Laboratory of Tribology Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

Energy and material losses due to friction and wear in mechanical systems account for huge economic and environmental *** one-third of the world’s primary energy consumption is attributed to friction;in addition,about 80%of the equipment failure is caused by wear in friction *** relatively small improvements in the tribology of mechanical systems would reap enormous societal *** is a state in which two contacting surfaces exhibit almost no resistance to sliding,and the friction force between the two sliding surfaces nearly *** of superlubricity technology and our understanding of its mechanism play an important role for saving energy in industry as well as our daily ***,superlubricity has attracted a large amount of attention from researchers in many fields,which is leading to a revolution in engineering technology.

关键词： friction wear resistance

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Microencapsulated paraffin as a tribological additive for advanced polymeric coatings

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Friction 2023年第10期11卷 1939-1952页

作者： Reza GHEISARI Mariela VAZQUEZ Vasilis TSIGKIS ali erdemir Karen L.WOOLEY Andreas A.POLYCARPOU J.Mike Walker’66 Department of Mechanical Engineering Texas A&M UniversityCollege Station 77843USA Department of Chemistry Texas A&M UniversityCollege Station 77843USA Department of Materials Science&Engineering Texas A&M UniversityCollege Station 77843USA Department of Chemical Engineering Texas A&M UniversityCollege Station 77843USA

Numerous tribological applications,wherein the use of liquid lubricants is infeasible,require adequate dry *** the use of polymers as an effective solution for dry sliding tribological applications,their poor wear resistance prevents the utilization in harsh industrial *** methods are typically implemented to tackle the poor wear performance of polymers,however sacrificing some of their mechanical/tribological ***,we discussed the introduction of a novel additive,namely microencapsulated phase change material(MPCM)into an advanced polymeric ***,paraffin was encapsulated into melamine-based resin,and the capsules were dispersed in an aromatic thermosetting co-polyester(ATSP)*** found that the MPCM-filled composite exhibited a unique tribological behavior,manifested as“zero wear”,and a super-low coefficient of friction(COF)of *** developed composite outperformed the state-of-the-art polytetrafluoroethylene(PTFE)-filled coatings,under the experimental conditions examined herein.

关键词： microencapsulated phase change material(MPCM) friction reduction additive advanced polymeric coating

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Influence of tribofilm on superlubricity of highly-hydrogenated amorphous carbon films in inert gaseous environments

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2016年第12期59卷 1795-1803页

作者： LIU ShuWei ZHANG ChenHui OSMAN Eryilmaz CHEN XinChun MA TianBao HU YanZhong LUO JianBin ali erdemir State Key Laboratory of Tribology Tsinghua University Energy Systems Division Argonne National Laboratory

In this study,we mainly focus on the structural morphology and inter-atomic bonding state of tribofilms resulting from a highly-hydrogenated amorphous carbon(a-C:H) film in order to ascertain the underlying mechanisms for its superlubric behavior(i.e.,less than 0.01 friction coefficient).Specifically,we achieved superlubricity(i.e.,friction coefficients of down to 0.003) with this film in dry nitrogen and argon atmospheres especially when the tribo-pair is made of an a-C:H coated Si disk sliding against an a-C:H coated steel ball,while the a-C:H coated disk against uncoated ball does not provide *** also found that the state of superlubricity is more stable in argon than in nitrogen and the formation of a smooth and uniformly-thick carbonaceous tribofilm appears to be one of the key factors for the realization of such ***,the interfacial morphology of sliding test pairs and the atomic-scale bond structure of the carbon-based tribofilms also play an important role in the observed superlubric behavior of a-C:H *** Raman spectroscopy and high resolution transmission electron microscopy,we have compared the structural differences of the tribofilms produced on bare and a-C:H coated steel *** the a-C:H coated ball as mating material which provided superlow friction in argon,structural morphology of the tribofilm was similar or comparable to that of the original a-C:H coating;while for the bare steel ball,the sp^2-bonded C fraction in the tribofilm increased and a fingerprint-like nanocrystalline structure was detected by high resolution transmission electron microscopy(HRTEM).We also calculated the shear stresses for different tribofilms,and established a relationship between the magnitude of the shear stresses and the extent of sp^3-sp^2 phase transformation.

关键词： diamond-like carbon(DLC) films superlubricty tribofilm high resolution transmission electron microscopy(HRTEM) phase transformation

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Nano-Structured Carbide-Derived Carbon Films and Their Tribology

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Tsinghua Science and Technology 2005年第6期10卷 699-703页

作者： Michael McNallan Daniel Ersoy Ranyi Zhu Allen Lee Christopher White Sascha Welz Yury Gogotsi ali erdemir Andriy Kovalchenko CME Department M/C 246 University of illinois at Chicago 842 W. Taylor St. Chicago IL 60607 USA Department of Materials Science and Engineering and A. J. Drexel Nanotechnology Institute Drexel University Philadelphia PA 19104 USA Energy Technology Division Argonne National Laboratory Argonne IL 60439 USA

Carbide-derived carbon （CDC） is a form of carbon produced by reacting metal carbides, such as SiC or TiC, with halogens at temperatures high enough to produce fast kinetics, but too low to permit the rearrangement of the carbon atoms into an equilibrium graphitic structure. The structure of CDC is derivative of the original carbide structure and contains nanoscale porosity and both sp2 and sp3 bonded carbon in a variety of nanoscale structures. CDC can be produced as a thin film on hard carbides to improve their tribological performance. CDC coatings are distinguished by their low friction coefficients and high wear resistance in many important industrial environments and by their resistance to spallation and delamination. The tribology of CDC coatings on SiC surfaces is described in detail.

关键词： carbon coatings tribology friction chlorination

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类金刚石膜超低摩擦行为的研究进展

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中国表面工程 2018年第4期31卷 1-19页

作者：曾群锋曹倩 erdemir ali[美] 李双江朱家宁西安交通大学现代设计及转子轴承系统教育部重点实验室西安710049 美国阿贡国家实验室能源系统分部美国芝加哥IL604391

近年来,高硬度、低摩擦、高耐磨性的类金刚石(Diamond like carbon,DLC)膜引起了国内外学术界和工业界极大的研究兴趣,尤其是它的超低摩擦行为。首先从宏观和微观角度分析了DLC膜超低摩擦的起源,研究发现DLC膜的微观结构和测试环境是影... 详细信息

近年来,高硬度、低摩擦、高耐磨性的类金刚石(Diamond like carbon,DLC)膜引起了国内外学术界和工业界极大的研究兴趣,尤其是它的超低摩擦行为。首先从宏观和微观角度分析了DLC膜超低摩擦的起源,研究发现DLC膜的微观结构和测试环境是影响DLC膜实现超低摩擦的主要因素,而DLC膜的微观结构由其制备工艺决定。然后系统讨论了制备工艺(包括制备方法、反应气源、掺杂元素和基体材料等)和测试环境(包括真空与干燥惰性气体环境、潮湿环境、高温环境、载荷和滑动速度等)对DLC膜超低摩擦行为的影响规律。最后归纳分析了目前对DLC膜超低摩擦机理的几种解释,指出DLC膜作为超低摩擦材料仍需解决的问题及未来的研究趋势。

关键词： DLC膜超低摩擦制备工艺测试环境摩擦学机理

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The biochemical effects of ischemia-reperfusion injury in the ipsilateral and contralateral testes of rats and the protective role of melatonin

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2014年第2期16卷 314-318,I0012页

作者： Bekir S Parlaktas Dogan Atilgan Huseyin Ozyurt Yusuf Gencten ali Akbas Fikret erdemir Nihat Uluocak Department of Urology Gaziosmanpasa University Faculty of Medicine Tokat Turkey Department of Biochemistry Gaziosmanpasa University Faculty of Medicine Tokat Turkey.

Testicular torsion （TT） is a serious urologic emergency that is observed in adolescent males and that can lead to infertility if left untreated. The ischemia-reperfusion （I/R） injury due to TT has been implicated in the pathogenesis of testicular damage. We investigated the effects of melatonin on oxidative damage in the ipsUateral and contralateral testes of rats induced by unilateral TT. A total of 21 prepubertal male Wistar albino rats were divided into three groups, each consisting of seven rats, In Group 1 （SHAM group）： a sham operation to the left testis and bilateral orchiectomy were performed. In Group 2 （I/R group）： I/R injury was created by rotating the left testis 720° in a clockwise direction for 2 h and detorsing the testis after 2 h. Group 3 （I/R ＋ MEL group）： rats were subjected to I/R injury and one-shot melatonin injection （50mgkg-1, intraperitoneal （i.p.））. The testes of the rats were excised bilaterally in all groups. The testicular tissue activities of antioxidant catalase （CAT）, superoxide dismutase （SOD） and glutathione peroxidase enzymes （GSH-Px）, and the tissue levels of malondialdehyde （MDA）, protein carbonyl （PC） and nitric oxide （NO） were determined. Administration of melatonin caused a significant decrease in lipid peroxidation and enzyme activities in the ipsilateral testis when compared with the control group （P 〈 0.05）. All of the changes in the enzyme activities of the contralateral testis were insignificant （P 〉 0.05）. MDA levels were significantly altered in the contralateral testis （P = 0.009）, Melatonin administration decreased the deleterious effects of I/R injury in the ipsilateral torted testes of the rats. The contralateral testes were slightly affected by unilateral TT.

关键词： antioxidant enzymes ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) lipid peroxidation melatonin testicular torsion {TT)

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