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An Efficient Technique to Prevent Data Misuse with Matrix Cipher Encryption Algorithms

Computers, Materials & Continua 2023年第2期74卷 4059-4079页

作者： Muhammad Nadeem Ali Arshad Saman Riaz Syeda Wajiha Zahra Ashit Kumar Dutta Moteeb Al Moteri Sultan Almotairi Department of Computing Abasyn UniversityIslamabadPakistan Department of Computer Science National University of TechnologyIslamabadPakistan Department of Computer Science and Information Systems College of Applied SciencesAlMaarefa UniversityRiyadh13713Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Department of Management Information Systems Business Administration CollegeKing Saud UniversityRiyadh11451Saudi Arabia Department of Natural and Applied Sciences Faculty of Community CollegeMajmaah UniversityMajmaah11952Saudi Arabia

Many symmetric and asymmetric encryption algorithms have been developed in cloud computing to transmit data in a secure form.Cloud cryptography is a data encryption mechanism that consists of different steps and prevents the attacker from misusing the data.This paper has developed an efficient algorithm to protect the data from invaders and secure the data from misuse.If this algorithm is applied to the cloud network,the attacker will not be able to access the data.To encrypt the data,the values of the bytes have been obtained by converting the plain text to ASCII.A key has been generated using the Non-Deterministic Bit Generator(NRBG)mechanism,and the key is XNORed with plain text bits,and then Bit toggling has been implemented.After that,an efficient matrix cipher encryption algorithm has been developed,and this algorithm has been applied to this text.The capability of this algorithm is that with its help,a key has been obtained from the plain text,and only by using this key can the data be decrypted in the first steps.A plain text key will never be used for another plain text.The data has been secured by implementing different mechanisms in both stages,and after that,a ciphertext has been obtained.At the end of the article,the latest technique will be compared with different techniques.There will be a discussion on how the present technique is better than all the other techniques;then,the conclusion will be drawn based on comparative analysis.

关键词： Symmetric cryptography ciphertext encryption decryption cloud security matrix cipher

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浙江天童常绿阔叶林不同演替阶段地表凋落物的C:N:P化学计量特征

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植物生态学报 2014年第8期38卷 833-842页

作者：马文济赵延涛张晴晴 Ali Arshad 史青茹阎恩荣华东师范大学生态与环境科学学院上海200241 浙江天童森林生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站浙江宁波315114

地表凋落物在森林物质循环中起着重要作用,但是目前缺乏对其不同分解层次中碳(C)、氮(N)、磷(P)演替动态的研究。该文以浙江天童常绿阔叶林为研究对象,用空间代替时间序列的方法,通过测定5个演替阶段地表凋落物不同分解层次的凋落物量... 详细信息

地表凋落物在森林物质循环中起着重要作用,但是目前缺乏对其不同分解层次中碳(C)、氮(N)、磷(P)演替动态的研究。该文以浙江天童常绿阔叶林为研究对象,用空间代替时间序列的方法,通过测定5个演替阶段地表凋落物不同分解层次的凋落物量、有机碳库和氮磷养分库的储量及C:N:P化学计量特征,探讨地表凋落物特征的演替动态。结果表明:1)随着演替的进行,地表凋落物量和有机碳储量呈现下降的趋势。2)在各演替阶段,有机碳含量在各分解层表现出未分解层(L)>半分解层(F)>已分解层(Y)的趋势;有机碳储量均表现为YF>L,且各层氮含量随着演替的进行均趋于升高。4)磷含量在演替中期群落最低,各演替阶段不同分解层的磷含量皆表现为Y>F>L。磷储量的演替趋势不明显。L层磷储量随着演替进行趋于降低。5)随着演替进行,凋落物C:N、C:P和N:P皆趋于下降(p<0.05)。在各分解层之间,C:N和C:P皆表现为Y

关键词：碳库分解层地表凋落物凋落物量养分库演替

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The electronic and magnetic properties of wurtzite Mn：CdS, Cr：CdS and Mn：Cr：CdS： first principles calculations

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Journal of Semiconductors 2017年第7期38卷 36-43页

作者： Azeem Nabi Zarmeena Akhtar Tahir Iqbal Atif ali Muhammad arshad Javid Department of Physics University of Gujrat Gujrat Pakistan Department of Basic Sciences (Physics) University of Engineering and Technology Taxila Pakistan

In this article, density functional theory（DFT） based on generalized gradient approximation（GGA）and GGACU, U is Hubbard term, is used to study the electronic properties of CdS doped with different dopants（Cr, Mn）. The calculations are carried out for Mn-doped CdS, Cr-doped CdS, and co-doping of Mn/Cr in CdS simultaneously. It is found that hopping of electrons is possible with Cr：CdS and Mn：Cr：CdS while Mn：CdS does not allow the hopping of electrons. Moreover, double exchange interactions are observed in Cr：CdS and d-d superexchange interactions are observed in Mn：CdS. Now the problem becomes interesting when one magnetic ion（Cr） supporting double exchange interactions and another ion（Mn） supporting d-d super-exchange interactions are doped simultaneously in the same system（CdS）. The co-doped CdS is more stable even at high Curie temperature due to p-d double exchange interactions and d-d super exchange interactions. Furthermore, the Cr-3d and Mn-3d states present in-between the band gap are responsible for inner shell transitions and hence for optical properties.Therefore, the co-doped system is taken into account to enhance its applications in the field of spintronic and magneto-optical devices.

关键词： wurtzite first principles density functional theory

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Breeding for pre-harvest sprouting resistance in bread wheat under rainfed conditions

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Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2018年第2期5卷 253-261页

作者： Muhammad ZEESHAN Waheed arshad Muhammad Imran KHAN Shiraz ali ali NAWAZ Amina BATOOL Muhammad TARIQ Muhammad Imran AKRAM Muhammad Amjad ali Barani Agricultural Research Station Barani Agricultural Research Institute Soil and Water Conservation Research Station Department of Plant Pathology and Centre of Agricultural Biochemistry & Biotechnology University of AgricultureFaisalabad

Pre-harvest sprouting in wheat is the germination of seeds within the spikes when rains occur after or during grain ripening, which occurs commonly in the barani tract of Pakistan. Therefore, 10 cultivars and five advanced lines of spring bread wheat were evaluated for pre-harvest sprouting resistance. After natural rainfall,seeds were immediately collected from the wet spikes and tested for germinating ability. Three different germination tests were applied to hand-threshed seed:(1) spikes threshed on the day of sampling and germination tested immediately,(2) spikes threshed on the day of sampling and germination tested 1 week later, and(3) spikes threshed 1 week after sampling and germination test immediately after threshing. Seeds and spikes kept for 1 week were place on blotting paper at room temperature.Cultivars BARS-09, 09 FJ17, Doukkala-12, NARC-09 and Ouassou-20 exhibited higher sprouting resistance while other genotypes were susceptible to pre-harvest sprouting in each of the three tests. A diallel crossing was conducted with six susceptible and two resistant genotypes to assess the genetic behavior of pre-harvest sprouting resistance.The combining ability(CA) demonstrated a higher proportion of additive genetic effects for sprouting resistance, because of higher variance of general and specific CA for both parameters under study. Doukkala-12 and BARS-09 showed increased pre-harvest sprouting resistance in their F1 descendants.

关键词： bread wheat germination index general combining ability pre-harvest sprouting specific combining ability

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Permeability prediction using hydraulic flow units and electrofacies analysis

能源地球科学(英文)

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能源地球科学(英文) 2020年第1期1卷 81-91页

作者： Amanat ali Bhatti Atif Ismail arshad Raza Raoof Gholami Reza Rezaee Ramasamy Nagarajan Eric Saffou Department of Petroleum and Gas Engineering University of Engineering and Technology(UET)LahorePakistan Department of Geological Engineering University of Engineering and TechnologyLahorePakistan Department of Petroleum Engineering Curtin UniversityMalaysia WA School of Mines:Minerals Energy and Chemical EngineeringCurtin UniversityAustralia Department of Applied Geology Curtin UniversityMalaysia Department of Geology University of the Western CapePrivate Bag X17Bellville 7535South Africa

It is essential to characterize fluid flow in porous media to have a better understanding of petrophysical properties.Many approaches were developed to determine reservoir permeability among which the integrated analysis of hydraulic flow unit(HFU)and electrofacies(EF)is considered to be useful one.However,the application of HFU and EF analysis has not been totally understood with a limited data to develop correlation for less distance offset wells.In this study,an attempt was made to show the application of integrating HFU and EF for reliable estimation of permeability using core and wireline log data in one of the gas fields in Pakistan.The results obtained indicate that the integrated approach proposed in this study can be used,especially in less distance offset wells when a limited number of data are available for petrophysical characterization.

关键词： Permeability Hydraulic flow units Electrofacies Gas fields Pakistan

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Effect of mixing structure on the hygroscopic behavior of ultrafine ammonium sulfate particles mixed with succinic acid and levoglucosan

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Particuology 2014年第2期12卷 27-34页

作者： Shila Maskey Ka Yan Chong Gibaek Kim Jae-Seok Kim arshad ali Kihong Park National Leading Research Laboratory School of Environmental Science and EngineeringGwangju Institute of Science and Technology(GIST)

Understanding the interactions between water and atmospheric aerosols is critical for estimating their impact on the radiation budget and cloud formation. The hygroscopic behavior of ultrafine （〈100nm） ammonium sulfate particles internally mixed with either succinic acid （slightly soluble） or levoglucosan （soluble） in different mixing structures （core-shell vs. well-mixed} were measured using a hygroscopicity tandem differential mobility analyzer （HTDMA）. During the hydration process （6-92% relative humidity （RH））, the size of core-shell particles （ammonium sulfate and succinic acid） remained unchanged until a slow increase in particle size occurred at 79Y~ RH; however, an abrupt increase in size （i.e., a clear deliquescence） was observed at ~72% RH for well-mixed particles with a similar volume fraction to the core-shell particles （80：20 by volume）. This increase might occur because the shell hindered the complete dissolution of the core-shell particles below 92% RH. The onset RH value was lower for the ammonium sulfate/levoglucosan core-shell particles than the ammonium sulfate/succinic acid core-shell particles due to levoglucosan＇s higher solubility relative to succinic acid. The growth factor （GF） of the core-shell particles was lower than that of the well-mixed particles, while the GF of the ammonium sulfate/levoglucosan particles was higher than that of ammonium sulfate/succinic acid particles with the same volume fractions. As the volume fraction of the organic species increased, the GF decreased. The data suggest that the mixing structure is also important when determining hygroscopic behavior of the mixed particles.

关键词： Ultrafine particles Hygroscopicity Mixing structure Core-shell

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浙江普陀山岛森林凋落物动态与微气候的关联性

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植物生态学报 2016年第11期40卷 1154-1163页

作者：宋彦君田文斌刘翔宇尹芳程浚洋朱丹妮 Ali Arshad 阎恩荣华东师范大学生态与环境科学学院浙江普陀山森林生态系统定位观测研究站浙江天童森林生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站普陀山园林管理中心

森林凋落物动态是森林生态系统过程中的重要组成部分,探索森林凋落物动态特征与微气候间的关系,对深入了解生态系统变化过程运行机理具有重要意义。该研究以浙江普陀山岛典型森林类型枫香(Liquidambar formosana)林、天竺桂(Cinnamomum ... 详细信息

森林凋落物动态是森林生态系统过程中的重要组成部分,探索森林凋落物动态特征与微气候间的关系,对深入了解生态系统变化过程运行机理具有重要意义。该研究以浙江普陀山岛典型森林类型枫香(Liquidambar formosana)林、天竺桂(Cinnamomum japonicum)+红楠(Machilus thunbergii)林、马尾松(Pinus massoniana)林、青冈(Cyclobalanopsis glauca)林、台湾蚊母树(Distylium gracile)林为研究对象,探究森林凋落量与微气候的关系。结果表明:1)森林年凋落量介于3.45–5.36t·hm–2·a–1,年凋落量各组分比例表现出不同的组成特征,森林类型与森林月凋落量无关。2)森林月凋落量动态模式主要呈双峰型和三峰型,凋落峰值和风速峰值趋势相一致,主要集中在台风干扰较大的4、7、12月份。3)冗余分析结果表明,影响不同组分月凋落量的微气候因子不同:月总凋落量、叶凋落量、果凋落量和碎屑凋落量的主要控制因素均为空气温度,随空气温度的升高而增大;枝凋落量的主要影响因素是森林上层风速,同样起着显著的正向作用;花凋落量与空气湿度之间呈负相关关系。森林年凋落量各组分所占比例存在差异,森林月凋落量和森林类型无关,主要与空气温度、空气湿度、森林上层风速等微气候因子有关。

关键词：普陀山岛凋落量凋落物动态冗余分析微气候

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ABMRF:An Ensemble Model for Author Profiling Based on Stylistic Features Using Roman Urdu

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Intelligent Automation & Soft Computing 2024年第2期39卷 301-317页

作者： Aiman Muhammad arshad Bilal Khan Khalil Khan ali Mustafa Qamar Rehan Ullah Khan Department of Computer Science City University of Science and Information TechnologyPeshawarPakistan Department of Computer Science School of Engineering and Digital SciencesNazarbayev UniversityAstanaKazakhstan Department of Computer Science College of ComputerQassim UniversityBuraydahSaudi Arabia Department of Information Technology College of ComputerQassim UniversityBuraydahSaudi Arabia

This study explores the area of Author Profiling(AP)and its importance in several industries,including forensics,security,marketing,and education.A key component of AP is the extraction of useful information from text,with an emphasis on the writers’ages and genders.To improve the accuracy of AP tasks,the study develops an ensemble model dubbed ABMRF that combines AdaBoostM1(ABM1)and Random Forest(RF).The work uses an extensive technique that involves textmessage dataset pretreatment,model training,and assessment.To evaluate the effectiveness of several machine learning(ML)algorithms in classifying age and gender,including Composite Hypercube on Random Projection(CHIRP),Decision Trees(J48),Na飗e Bayes(NB),K Nearest Neighbor,AdaboostM1,NB-Updatable,RF,andABMRF,they are compared.The findings demonstrate thatABMRFregularly beats the competition,with a gender classification accuracy of 71.14%and an age classification accuracy of 54.29%,respectively.Additional metrics like precision,recall,F-measure,Matthews Correlation Coefficient(MCC),and accuracy support ABMRF’s outstanding performance in age and gender profiling tasks.This study demonstrates the usefulness of ABMRF as an ensemble model for author profiling and highlights its possible uses in marketing,law enforcement,and education.The results emphasize the effectiveness of ensemble approaches in enhancing author profiling task accuracy,particularly when it comes to age and gender identification.

关键词： Machine learning author profiling AdaBoostM1 random forest ensemble learning text classification

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On the monetary measures of global liquidity

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Financial Innovation 2019年第1期5卷 295-317页

作者： Israr Ahmad Shah Hashmi arshad ali Bhatti School of Economics IIIEInternational Islamic UniversityIslamabadPakistan

This study constructs and examines the dynamics of theoretical and atheoretical measures of global liquidity,using monthly data on the components of broad money over the period 2001 M12-2017 M12 for 39 high income countries.We group the countries into five regional blocks as categorized by the World Bank:East Asia and the Pacific,Europe and Central Asia,Latin America and the Caribbean,Middle East and North Africa,and North America.The atheoretical measures exploited by this study comprise of the simple-sum,GDP-weighted growth rates and PCA based aggregation methods;whereas theoretical measures include the currency equivalent and Divisia index techniques of monetary aggregation.We employ a graphical approach to investigate the trends and dynamics of the aggregates overtime,and a cross-correlation between cyclical components of global real economic activity and the lag of cyclical components of the measures of global liquidity to gauge the strength of their associations.The findings of this study reveal that theoretical measures outperform atheoretical ones in effective delineation of financial and liquidity conditions,and policy stance.Their cyclical components are also strongly associated with those of global real business activity.The currency equivalent measure,besides being a leading indicator of the shift in policy stance,has a sturdy association with global real business activity.Moreover,the theoretical measures,as noted by some empirical studies,contain some information content that the atheoretical lack.

关键词： Monetary aggregates Divisia index Currency equivalent Simple-sum GDP-weighted growth rates PCA

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Effect of family control on corporate dividend policy of firms in Pakistan

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Financial Innovation 2019年第1期5卷 711-723页

作者： Imran Yousaf Shoaib ali arshad Hassan Faculty Member Air University School of ManagementAir UniversityIslamabadPakistan Professor/Dean of Management and Social Sciences Department Capital University of Science and TechnologyIslamabadPakistan

This study examines the impact of family control on the dividend policy of firms in Pakistan,covering the period from 2009 to 2016.It also investigates whether family control moderates the impact of firm-specific factors on the dividend policy.The GMM model for panel data estimation is used.The mean difference univariate analysis shows that family firms differ from nonfamily firms based on financial characteristics.The multivariate analysis shows that family firms pay lower dividends than nonfamily firms.Besides,firm size inversely affects the dividend policy,whereas tangibility positively affects it.Moreover,family control does not moderate the impact of all firm-specific factors on the dividend policy.Overall,family control,size,and tangibility are found to be the main determinants of the dividend policy in Pakistan.

关键词： Family firm Family ownership Dividend,Minority shareholder Expropriation Agency conflicts

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