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Study of the duodenal contractile activity during antral contractions

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2007年第18期13卷 2600-2603页

作者： Ahmed shafik Olfat El Sibai ali a shafik Department of Surgery and Experimental Research Faculty of Medicine Cairo University Cairo Egypt Department of Surgery Faculty of Medicine Menoufia University Shebin El-Kom Egypt

AIM： To investigate the hypothesis that duodenal bulb （DB） inhibition on pyloric antrum （PA） contraction is reflex. METHODS： Balloon （condom）-tipped tube was introduced into 1^st duodenum （DD） and a manometric tube into each of PA and DD. Duodenal and antral pressure response to duodenal and then PA balloon distension with saline was recorded. These tests were repeated after separate anesthetization of DD and PA. RESULTS： Two and 4 mL of 1^st DD balloon distension produced no pressure changes in DD or PA （10.7±1.2 vs 9.8±1.2, 11.2±1.2 vs 11.3±1.2 on H20 respectively, P〉0.05）. Six mL distension effected 1^st DD pressure rise （30.6±3.4 cm H20, P 〈0.01） and PA pressure decrease （6.2±1.4 cm H20, P〈0.05）; no response in 2^nd, 3^rd and 4^th DD. There was no difference between 6, 8, and 10 mL distensions. Ten mL PA distension produced no PA or 1^st DD pressure changes （P〉 0.05）. Twenty mL distension increased PA pressure （92.4 4±10.7 cm H20, P〈0.01） and decreased 1^st DD pressure （1.6±0.3 cm H20, P〈0.01）; 30, 40, and 50 mL distension produced the same effect as the 20 mL distension （P 〉 0.05）. PA or DD distension after separate anesthetization produced no significant pressure changes in PA or DD. CONCLUSION： Large volume DD distension produced DD pressure rise denoting DD contraction and PA pressure decline denoting PA relaxation. PA relaxation upon DD contraction is postulated to be mediated through a reflex which we call duodeno-antral reflex. Meanwhile, PA distension effected DD relaxation which we suggest to be reflex and termed antro-duodenal reflex. It is suggested that these 2 reflexes, could act as investigative tools in diagnosis of gastroduodenal motility disorders.

关键词： Duodenal bulb Gastroduodenal disorders Reflex Pyloric antrum Motility

Effect of thermal cutaneous stimulation on the gastric motor activity:Study of the mechanism of action

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2008年第14期14卷 2226-2229页

作者： Ahmed shafik ali a shafik Olfat El Sibai Ismail A shafik Department of Surgery and Experimental Research Faculty of Medicine Cairo University Cairo 11121 Egypt Department of Surgery Faculty of Medicine Menoufia University Shebin El-Kom Egypt

AIM:To investigate the mechanism of action of thermal cutaneous stimulation on the gastric motor inhibition. METHODS:The gastric tone of 33 healthy volunteers (20 men, mean age 36.7 ± 8.4 years) was assessed by a barostat system consisting of a balloon-ended tube connected to a strain gauge and air-injection system. The tube was introduced into the stomach and the balloon was inflated with 300 mL of air. The skin temperature was elevated in increments of 3℃ up to 49℃ and the gastric tone was simultaneously assessed by recording the balloon volume variations expressed as the percentage change from the baseline volume. The test was repeated after separate anesthetization of the skin and stomach with lidocaine and after using normal saline instead of lidocaine. RESULTS:Thermal cutaneous stimulation resulted in a significant decrease of gastric tone 61.2% ± 10.3% of the mean baseline volume. Mean latency was 25.6 ± 1.2 ms. After 20 min of individual anesthetization of the skin and stomach, thermal cutaneous stimulation produced no significant change in gastric tone. CONCLUSION:Decrease in the gastric tone in response to thermal cutaneous stimulation suggests a reflex relationship which was absent on individual anesthetization of the 2 possible arms of the reflex arc:the skin and the stomach. We call this relationship the"cutaneo-gastric inhibitory reflex". This reflex may have the potential to serve as an investigative tool in the diagnosis of gastric motor disorders, provided further studies are performed in this respect.

关键词： Gastric tone Barostat Gastric disorders

Functional activity of the rectum:A conduit organ or a storage organ or both?

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2006年第28期12卷 4549-4552页

作者： Ahmed shafik Randa M Mostafa Ismail shafik Olfat EI-Sibai ali a shafik Department of Surgery and Experimental Research Faculty of MedicineCairo UniversityCairoEgypt Department of Physiology Faculty of MedicineSharkia UniversityBanha-ZagazigEgypt Department of Surgery Faculty of MedicineMenoufia UniversityShebin El-KomEgypt

AIM： To investigate whether the degree of rectal distension could define the rectum functions as a conduit METHODS： Response of the rectal and anal pressure to 2 types of rectal balloon distension, rapid voluminous and slow gradual distention, was recorded in 21 healthy volunteers （12 men, 9 women, age 41.7 ± 10.6 years）. The test was repeated with sphincteric squeeze on urgent sensation. RESULTS： Rapid voluminous rectal distension resulted in a significant rectal pressure increase （P 〈 0.001）, an anal pressure decline （P 〈 0.05） and balloon expulsion. The subjects felt urgent sensation but did not feel the 1^st rectal sensation. On urgent sensation, anal squeeze caused a significant rectal pressure decrease （P 〈 0.001） and urgency disappearance. Slow incremental rectal filling drew a rectometrogram with a ＂tone＂ limb representing a gradual rectal pressure increase during rectal filling, and an ＂evacuation limb＂ representing a sharp pressure increase during balloon expulsion. The curve recorded both the ist rectal sensation and the urgent sensation. CONCLUSION： The rectum has apparently two functions： transportation （conduit） and storage, both depending on the degree of rectal filling. If the fecal material received by the rectum is small, it is stored in the rectum until a big volume is reached that can affect a degree of rectal distension sufficient to initiate the defecation reflex. Large volume rectal distension evokes directly the rectoanal inhibitory reflex with a resulting defecation.

关键词： Anal pressure Rectal pressure Rectometry First rectal sensation

The cavernoso-anal reflex： response of the anal sphincters to cavernosus muscles＇ stimulation

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2006年第A3期8卷 331-336页

作者： Ahmed shafik Ismail shafik ali A. shafik Olfat El Sibai Department of Surgery and Experimental Research Faculty of Medicine Cairo University Cairo 11121 Egypt Department of Surgery Faculty of Medicine Menoufia University Shebin El-Kom Egypt

Aim： To prove the hypothesis that cavernosus muscles＇ contraction during coitus affects the reflex contraction of anal sphincters. Methods： Electromyographic response of external and internal anal sphincters to ischiocavernosus and bulbocavernosus muscle stimulation was studied in 17 healthy volunteers （10 men, 7 women, mean aged 38.3 ± 11.6 years）. The test was repeated after individual anesthetization of anal sphincters and the two cavernosus muscles,and after using saline instead of lidocaine. Results： Upon stimulation of each of the two cavernosus muscles,external and internal anal sphincters recorded increased electromyographic activity. Anal sphincters did not respond to stimulation of the anesthetized cavernosus muscles nor did anesthetized anal sphincters respond to cavernosus muscles＇ stimulation. Saline infiltration did not affect anal sphincteric response to cavernosal muscles＇ ***： Cavernosus muscles＇ contraction is suggested to evoke anal sphincteric contraction, which seems to be a reflex and mediated through the ＂cavernoso-anal reflex＂. Anal sphincteric contraction during coitus presumably acts to close the anal canal to thwart flatus or fecal leak.

关键词： bulbocavernosus muscle ischiocavernosus muscle erection sexual act orgasm erectile dysfunction

International consensus on natural orifice specimen extraction surgery(NOSES)for colorectal cancer

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Gastroenterology Report 2019年第1期7卷 24-31,I0001页

作者： Xu Guan Zheng Liu Antonio Longo Jian-Chun Cai William Tzu-Liang Chen Lu-Chuan Chen Ho-Kyung Chun Joaquim Manuel da Costa Pereira Sergey Efetov Ricardo Escalante Qing-Si He Jun-Hong Hu Cuneyt Kayaalp Seon-Hahn Kim Jim S.Khan Li-Jen Kuo Atsushi Nishimura Fernanda Nogueira Junji Okuda Avanish Saklani ali A.shafik Ming-Yin Shen Jung-Tack Son Jun-Min Song Dong-Hui Sun Keisuke Uehara Gui-Yu Wang Ye Wei Zhi-Guo Xiong Hong-Liang Yao Gang Yu Shao-Jun Yu Hai-Tao Zhou Suk-Hwan Lee Petr V.Tsarkov Chuan-Gang Fu Xi-Shan Wang The International Alliance of NOSES Department of Colorectal Surgery National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBejingChina Department of Coloproctology and Pelvic Diseases Humanitas GavazzeniBergamoItaly Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen UniversityXiamenChina Department of Surgery China Medical University HospitalTaichungTaiwanChina Department of Abdominal Surgery Fujian Medical University Cancer HospitalFuzhouChina Department of Surgery Kangbuk Samsung HospitalSungkyunkwan University School of MedicineSeoulSouth Korea Department of Surgery Hospital de BragaBragaPortugal Colorectal Surgery Department Sechenov First Moscow State Medical UniversityMoscowRussia Universidad Central de Venezuela Centro Medico LoiraCaracasVenezuela Department of General Surgery Shandong University Qilu HospitalJinanChina Department of General Surgery Huaihe Hospital of Henan UniversityKaifengChina Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery Inonu UniversityMalatyaTurkey Department of Surgery Korea University Anam HospitalKorea University College of MedicineSeoulSouth Korea Department of Colorectal Surgery Portsmouth Hospitals NHS TrustQueen Alexandra HospitalPortsmouthUK Division of Colorectal Surgery Taipei Medical University HospitalTaipeiTaiwanChina Department of Surgery Nagaka Chuo General HospitalNagaoka CityJapan Innovation Unit/Colorectal Cancer Osaka Medical College Hospital Cancer CenterOsakaJapan Department of GI Surgical Oncology Tata Memorial HospitalMumbaiIndia Department of Colorectal Surgery Cairo UniversityCairoEgypt Department of Anorectal Surgery First Affiliated HospitalZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina Department of Gastric and Colorectal Surgery Jilin University First HospitalChangchunChina Division of Surgical Oncology Nagoya University Graduate School of MedicineNagoyaJapan Department of Colorectal Cancer Surgery The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical

In recent years,natural orifice specimen extraction surgery(NOSES)in the treatment of colorectal cancer has attracted widespread *** potential benefits of NOSES including reduction in postoperative pain and wound complications,less use of postoperative analgesic,faster recovery of bowel function,shorter length of hospital stay,better cosmetic and psychological effect have been described in colorectal *** significant decrease in surgical trauma of NOSES have been observed,the potential pitfalls of this technique have been ***,several issues including bacteriological concerns,oncological outcomes and patient selection are raised with this new ***,it is urgent and necessary to reach a consensus as an industry guideline to standardize the implementation of NOSES in colorectal *** three rounds of discussion by all members of the International Alliance of NOSES,the consensus is finally completed,which is also of great significance to the long-term progress of NOSES worldwide.

关键词： colorectal cancer natural orifice specimen extraction surgery(NOSES) laparoscopy natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery(NOTES) transanal total mesorectal excision(TaTME)

Investigation of the Appropriate Partial Level Density Formula for Pre-Equilibrium Nuclear Exciton Model

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Journal of Applied Mathematics and Physics 2013年第3期1卷 47-54页

作者： shafik Shakir shafik ali Dawoud Salloum Department of Physics College of Science for Women University of Baghdad Baghdad Iraq Department of Physics College of Science University of Baghdad Baghdad Iraq

Ericson formula represents the first formula, which was suggested to describe the partial level density (PLD) formula in pre-equilibrium region of the nuclear reactions. Then a number of corrections were added to this formula in order to make it more suitable to physical meaning. In this paper, there are two aims to be done: the first aim is to study the correspondence between one and two-components formulae in Ericson, Pauli, and pairing corrections;the second aim is to compare and study the results of Comprehensive formula, which contents with all corrections, with Ericson, Pauli, and pairing formulae. The Comprehensive formula was suggested to simulate the reality. To achieve these aims the 56Fe and 90Zr nuclei were chosen and the results showed that the difference between one and two-components formulae was too small which can be neglected. Furthermore, the results strongly recommended that for cross section calculations of the nuclear reaction, one must use Comprehensive formula rather than Pauli formula.

关键词： Partial Level Density Pre-Equilibrium Model Nuclear Reaction Exciton Model Equidistant Spacing Model 56Fe 90Zr

Determination Uranium Concentrations and Effective Dose of Drinking Water for Nineveh Governorate—Iraq, Using Kinetic Phosphorescence Analyzer (KPA)

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2014年第3期5卷 200-206页

作者： shafik Shakier shafik Bushra ali Ahmed Mazin Mohammed Department of Physics College of Science University of Baghdad Baghdad Iraq Ministries of Environment Radiation Protection Center Baghdad Iraq

In this work, the concentrations of natural Uranium and the annual effective dose (ET in Sv·y-1) in drinking water for Nineveh Governorate in northern Iraq were determined using a pulsed-laser Kinetic Phosphorescence Analyzer (KPA). Furthermore, the relationship between pH for water samples and the concentration of Uranium was studied. The drinking water samples are taken approximately from all regions of Nineveh as;15 samples of tap water are taken from refinery stations, 13 samples of water samples are taken from wells that are used for drinking, and 18 samples of drinking water are withdrawn from wells in Adayyah region (this region is located near nuclear wastes site). Thus, the total studied samples are 46. The results of Uranium concentration for all samples ranged from 2.61 ± 0.08 to 9.14 ± 0.012 μg·L-1 with an overall average value about 5.87 ± 0.046 μg·L-1, and the total annual effective dose ranged from 2.3 to 8.04 μSv·y-1. The results also showed that the pH number increases with increasing Uranium concentration and have, in general, high values in well water.

关键词： Uranium KPA Drinking Water Intake Annual Effective Dose Nineveh

Spectral Analysis of Solar Variability and their Possible Role on the Global Warming

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2010年第2期1卷 111-116页

作者： Mohamed ali El-Borie Eman shafik Aly Abdel-moneim Abdel-halim Shady Youssri El-Monier 不详

Our understanding of the indirect effect of changes in solar output and feedbacks in the climate system is minimal. There is much need to refine our understanding of key natural forcing mechanisms of the climate, including solar irra-diance changes, in order to reduce uncertainty in our projections of future climate change. Through the recent years, the conflict between researchers about whether global warming is a human-generated phenomenon or a result of solar variability has raised many question marks. The aim of this work is to try to answer some of these questions by studying the possible role of some solar variability parameters such as the geomagnetic index (aa) and the sunspot number (Rz) in global temperature changes. Here, we present a correlative study of the possible contributions for the two components that may be closely associated with the climate, throughout the last 130 years (1880-2008). We compared the correlation analysis and the power spectral density (PSD) of the Rz and aa with that of the continuous records of the GT in order to get a closer look at a possible connection between them. Our results displayed that the correlations between both (aa &GST) and (Rz &GST) are +0.66 and +0.38, respectively when both parameters Rz and aa precedes by 2-3 yrs. The correlation of GST-aa is two times higher than that of GST-Rz. The GST spectrum reflected significant periods at 21.3-yr, 10.7-11.6 yr variations that observed in the considered geomagnetic and sunspot spectra.

关键词： Global Rurface Temperature Geomagnetic Indices Solar Variability

Protective role of Juniperus phoenicea and Cupressus sempervirens against CCl_4

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Pharmacology and Therapeutics 2010年第6期1卷 123-131页

作者： Sanaa Ahmed ali Maha Zaki Rizk Nabawia ali Ibrahim Mohga shafik Abdallah Hayat Mohamed Sharara Magda Mohamed Moustafa Department of Theraputical Chemistry National Research Centre Department of Pharmacognosy National Research Centre Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science Helwan University

AIM: To investigate the role of Cupressus sempervirens (C. sempervirens) and Juniperus phoenicea (J. phoe-nicea) extracts as therapeutic effect against CCl4 with biochemical, histopathological evaluations. METHODS: A single intraperitoneal dose of 10% CCl4 in olive oil (1 mL/kg body weight) was administered to a group of female Wister rats, sacrificed after 24 h (as the injury group). The other groups were given CCl4 as de-scribed above and divided as follows: two groups of ten rats each were orally administered either J. phoenicea extract or C. sempervirens extract three times per week for six weeks and a further group administered CCl4 was left for six weeks to allow self-recovery. At the end of experiment, the rats from all groups were sacrificed for sampling and for biochemical and histological analysis. RESULTS: Remarkable disturbances were observed in the levels of all tested parameters. On the other hand,rats injected with the toxic agent and left for one and a half month to self recover showed moderate improve-ments in the studied parameters while, treatment with both medicinal herbal extracts ameliorated the levels of the disturbed biochemical parameters. The group treated with J. phoenicea extract showed a remarkable improvement in comparison to the CCl4 treated group. The C. sempervirens group revealing an even more re-markable effect showing histopathological liver& kidney profiles close to those of the control ***: C. sempervirens and J. phoenicea leaf extracts show a remarkable effect in enhancing liver and kidney functions and may thus be of therapeutic potential in treatment hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity.

关键词： Cupressus sempervirens Juniperus phoeni-cea Carbon tetrachloride Hepatotoxicity Nephrotoxicity