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Balanced and Unbalanced Components of Moist Atmospheric Flows with Phase Changes

Chinese Annals of Mathematics,Series B 2019年第6期40卷 1005-1038页

作者： alfredo n.wetzel Leslie M.SMITH Samuel n.STECHMAnn Jonathan E.MARTIn Department of Mathematics University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonWI 53706USA Department of Mathematics and Department of Engineering Physics University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonWI 53706USA Department of Mathematics and Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonWI 53706USA Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonWI 53706USA

Atmospheric variables(temperature, velocity, etc.) are often decomposed into balanced and unbalanced components that represent low-frequency and high-frequency waves, respectively. Such decompositions can be defined, for instance, in terms of eigenmodes of a linear operator. Traditionally these decompositions ignore phase changes of water since phase changes create a piecewise-linear operator that differs in different phases(cloudy versus non-cloudy). Here we investigate the following question: How can a balanced–unbalanced decomposition be performed in the presence of phase changes? A method is described here motivated by the case of small Froude and Rossby numbers,in which case the asymptotic limit yields precipitating quasi-geostrophic equations with phase changes. Facilitated by its zero-frequency eigenvalue, the balanced component can be found by potential vorticity(PV) inversion, by solving an elliptic partial differential equation(PDE), which includes Heaviside discontinuities due to phase changes. The method is also compared with two simpler methods: one which neglects phase changes, and one which simply treats the raw pressure data as a streamfunction. Tests are shown for both synthetic, idealized data and data from Weather Research and Forecasting(WRF) model simulations. In comparisons, the phase-change method and no-phase-change method produce substantial differences within cloudy regions, of approximately 5K in potential temperature, due to the presence of clouds and phase changes in the data. A theoretical justification is also derived in the form of a elliptic PDE for the differences in the two streamfunctions.

关键词： Potential vorticity inversion Moist atmospheric dynamics Slow-fast systems Balanced-unbalanced decomposition Elliptic partial differential equations

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Validation of atmospheric chemistry measurements from MIPAS,SCIAMACHY,GOMOS onboard EnVISAT by observations of balloon-borne MIPAS-B

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Science China Earth Sciences 2010年第10期53卷 1533-1541页

作者： wetzel G OELHAF H FRIEDL-VALLOn F KLEInERT A LEnGEL A MAUCHER G nORDMEYER H GRUnOW K FISCHER H Institute for Meteorology and Climate Research(IMK) Karlsruhe Institute of Technology(KIT) Senate Department for Health Environment and Consumer Protection

In order to validate the atmospheric chemistry measurements by MIPAS,SCIAMACHY,and GOMOS onboard the EnVISAT,three flights of the balloon-borne Michelson Interferometer for Passive Sounding(MIPAS-B) were carried out in 2002 and 2003 at Aire sur l'Adour(France 44°n,0°E) and Esrange,Kiruna(Sweden 68°n,21°E).The validation campaign activities are summarized in this *** MIPAS-B instrument and its data processing procedure as well as the validation approaches are discussed in *** satellite and balloon measurements are matched with high coincidence in time and space,allowing a coincident approach to be applied for their ***,a trajectory model is used to confirm and enhance the statistical significance of the *** validation results show that MIPAS measurements of accuracy for temperature,H2O,O3,HnO3,CH4,n2O,and nO2 are good in the altitude range of 8-39 km(no2,22-39 km).And the precision is good between the altitudes of 15-33 km(no2,22-23 km).However,some exceptions were also found for temperature,H2O,HnO3,and *** SCIAMACHY data of accuracy for O3 and nO2 are within expectations between the altitudes 9-38 km except for O3 in 28-38 *** GOMOS data about O3 and nO2 are promising according to the preliminary comparison results.

关键词： validation EnVISAT MIPAS SCIAMACHY GOMOS MIPAS-B

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