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Analysing vaccine efficacy evaluated in phase 3 clinical trials carried out during outbreaks

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Infectious Disease Modelling 2024年第4期9卷 1027-1044页

作者： Francisco Antonio Bezerra Coutinho Marcos Amaku Fernanda Castro Boulos Jose alfredo de Sousa Moreira Joao Italo DiasFranca Julio Antonio do Amaral Eliana Nogueira Castro de barros Claudio Jose Struchiner Esper Jorge Kallas Eduardo Massad School of Medicine University of Sao PauloBrazil Instituto Butantan Sao PauloBrazil School of Applied Mathematics Fundacao Getulio VargasRio de JaneiroBrazil

In this paper we examine several definitions of vaccine efficacy(VE)that we found in the literature,for diseases that express themselves in outbreaks,that is,when the force of infection grows in time,reaches a maximum and then *** fact that the disease occurs in outbreaks results in several problems that we *** propose a mathematical model that allows the calculation of VE for several *** trials usually needs a large number of volunteers that must be ***,all volunteers should be enrolled in approximately the same time,but this is generally impossible for logistic reasons and they are enrolled in a fashion that can be replaced by a continuous density function(for example,a Gaussian function).The outbreak can also be replaced by a continuous density function,and the use of these density functions simplifies the ***,for example Gaussian functions,one of the problems one can immediately notice is that the peak of the two curves do not occur at the same *** model allows us to conclude:First,the calculated vaccine efficacy decreases when the force of infection increases;Second,the calculated vaccine efficacy decreases when the gap between the peak in the force of infection and the peak in the enrollment rate increases;Third,different trial protocols can be simulated with this model;different vaccine efficacy definitions can be calculated and in our simulations,all result are approximately the *** final,and perhaps most important conclusion of our model,is that vaccine efficacy calculated during outbreaks must be carefully examined and the best way we can suggest to overcome this problem is to stratify the enrolled volunteer's in a cohort-by-cohort basis and do the survival analysis for each cohort,or apply the Cox proportional hazards model for each cohort.

关键词： Vaccine efficacy Clinical trials Mathematical models Simulations Covid-19

Contribution of inrush current to mechanical failure of power transformers windings

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High Voltage 2019年第4期4卷 300-307页

作者： Rafael M.R.barros Edson Gda Costa Jalberth F.Araujo Filipe L.Mde Andrade Tarso V.ferreira Department of Electrical Engineering Federal University of Campina GrandeAprigio Veloso St.882Campina GrandeBrazil

This work presents a study regarding the contribution of inrush current to the occurrence of mechanical fatigue in windings of a power transformer and,consequently,the impact of that phenomenon on the equipment's *** order to perform the study,electromagnetic transient simulations were used to determine the inrush current in a three-phase transformer ***,three-dimensional simulations,based on the finite element method,were performed to determine the electromechanical stresses in the equipment windings,under the effect of the inrush ***,the methods of critical plans and Palmgren–Miner were applied to perform the fatigue *** the results,the impact of inrush current on the integrity of the transformer's windings was determined,as well as,to estimate the reduction of lifespan of the equipment due to inrush *** number of inrushes needed for the total reduction of lifespan of the equipment due to mechanical fatigue was also *** results can be used in the transformers design stage,with the purpose of assisting the evaluation of mechanical withstand of equipment,which can minimise the possibility of failure and increase its lifespan.

关键词： winding fatigue power

Blue LED as a new treatment to vaginal stenosis due pelvic radiotherapy:Two case reports

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2021年第23期9卷 6839-6845页

作者： Daniela barros Cecília Alvares Teresa Alencar Priscila Baqueiro Augusto Marianno Rafael Alves Juliana Lenzi Laura ferreira Rezende Patricia Lordelo Oncology Department Hospital Santa IzabelSalvador 40290-000Brazil Pelvic Floor Care Center(CAAP)and Postgraduate Bahiana School of Medicine and Public HealthSalvador 40290-000Brazil Oncology Department NOB/Grupo OncoclinicasSalvador 40290-000Brazil Pelvic Floor Care Center(CAAP) University Center of the Associated Teaching FacultiesCampinas 40000000Brazil Physiotherapy Instituto Patrícia Lordelo-IPLSalvador 40290-000Brazil

BACKGROUND Currently,the advancement cancer treatment technology improves overall survival,however,adverse events are still a challenge for health *** syndrome of menopause and vaginal stenosis are conditions that impact the quality of life of patients undergoing *** present two such cases in patients with previous cervical and endometrial *** conditions were handled with an innovative method using an energy-based device with blue light emitting diode for concomitant vaginal and vulvar *** impact in clinical findings,cytologic changes,and referred symptoms were *** SUMMARY One patient diagnosed with vaginal severe vaginal stenosis with previous cervix cancer treatment and other patient diagnosed with mild stenosis with severe dyspareunia and recent endometrium cancer treatment were considered for vulvovaginal treatment with weekly blue led device and closely evaluated with repeated validated questionnaires and cytological *** This innovative technique showed an improvement in all areas of the examiner's criteria,the cytological criteria,and most bothered symptoms.

关键词： Radiotherapy Atrophic vaginitis Vaginal diseases Laser therapy Semiconductor diode lasers Nonhormonal vaginal therapy Case report

Scientometric Analysis of Research Output from Brazil in Response to the Zika Crisis Using e-Lattes

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Journal of Data and Information Science 2020年第4期5卷 137-146页

作者： Ricardo barros Sampaio Antônio de Abreu Batista-Jr Bruno Santos ferreira Mauricio LBarreto Jesús PMena-Chalco Regional Board of Brasília Fiocruz Distrito FederalBrazil Department of Informatics Federal University of Maranhão São LuísMABrazil Department of Teaching and Learning Studies Laval UniversityQuébecCanada Center of Integrated Data and Knowledge about Health(CIDACS) SalvadorBrazil Center for Mathematics Computation and CognitionFederal University of ABC Santo AndréSPBrazil

Purpose:This paper aims to test the use of e-Lattes to map the Brazilian scientific output in a recent research health subject:Zika ***/methodology/approach:From a set of Lattes CVs of Zika researchers registered on the Lattes Platform,we used the e-Lattes to map the Brazilian scientific response to the Zika ***:Brazilian science articulated quickly during the public health emergency of international concern(PHEIC)due to the creation of mechanisms to streamline funding of scientific *** limitations:We did not assess any dimension of research quality,including the scientific impact and societal *** implications:e-Lattes can provide useful guidelines for different stakeholders in research groups from Lattes CVs of ***/value:The information included in Lattes CVs permits us to assess science from a broader perspective taking into account not only scientific research production but also the training of human resources and scientific collaboration.

关键词： e-Lattes Zika virus Lattes Platform Brazilian research output Brazilian science

Does landscape context affect pollinationrelated functional diversity and richness of understory flowers in forest fragments of Atlantic Rainforest in southeastern Brazil?

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Ecological Processes 2020年第1期9卷 737-748页

作者： Karoline Baptista de Lima Patrícia Alves ferreira Milton Groppo Renato Goldenberg Emerson Ricardo Pansarin Roxana Cardoso Barreto Guilherme Peres Coelho Yago barros-Souza Danilo Boscolo Biology Department Faculty of PhilosophySciences and LettersUniversity of São PauloRibeirão PretoSP 14040-901Brazil National Institute of Science and Technology in Interdisciplinary and Transdisciplinary Studies in Ecology and Evolution(IN-TREE) SalvadorBrazil Botany Department Biological Science SectorParanáFederal UniversityCuritibaPR 81531-970Brazil Botany Department Biological Science CenterPernambuco Federal UniversityRecifePE 50670-420Brazil Institute of Bioscience Rio Grande do Sul Federal UniversityPorto AlegreRS 90040-060Brazil Botany Department Federal University of São CarlosSão CarlosSP 13565-905Brazil.

Background:How landscape modifications affect functional diversity of floral characteristics pertinent to pollinators is poorly *** possess functional traits that sometimes coevolved with pollinators,crucial for the maintenance of both pollinator and plant *** evaluated how richness and functional diversity of available understory flowers respond to forest cover and landscape heterogeneity in a multiscale *** in bloom were sampled from 25 landscapes in the understory of Atlantic Forest fragments in *** were classified into functional groups regarding flower characteristics relevant to *** heterogeneity and forest cover were measured in buffers ranging from 200 to 2000 m from sampling units and their correlation with plant richness and functional diversity was assessed using generalized linear models and further model selection through Akaike’s second-order information ***:Plants’richness and functional diversity were affected negatively by forest *** former responded to forest cover at a regional scale while the latter responded at a local *** landscape heterogeneity increased richness and functional ***:Our results showed that forest cover and landscape heterogeneity are important to support biodiversity related to pollination,mostly due to the availability of diversified resources and nesting sites associated to different land-uses for pollinators and flowering plant *** findings should highlight,along with forest cover,landscape heterogeneity as an environmental management priority in rural tropical areas for mitigating the loss of plant biodiversity and enhancing ecosystem functioning.

关键词： Functional diversity Pollination Landscape heterogeneity Forest cover Understory plant community

H pylori (CagA) and Epstein-Barr virus infection in gastric carcinomas:Correlation with p53 mutation and c-Myc,Bcl-2 and Bax expression

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2008年第6期14卷 884-891页

作者： Valeska Portela Lima Marcos Antonio Pereira de Lima Angela Rosa André Márcia Valéria Pitombeira ferreira Marcos Aurélio Pessoa barros Sílvia Helena Barem Rabenhorst Departament of Pathology and Forensic Federal University of Ceará State Brazil Saint House of Mercy in Fortaleza Brazil

AIM: To investigate the interrelationship between H pylori and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection in the gastric carcinogenesis having in focus the p53 mutation and the c-Myc, Bcl-2 and Bax expression. METHODS: seventy-one gastric carcinoma tissues were assessed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for H pylori and in situ hybridization for EBV. c-Myc, Bcl-2 and Bax expression were detected by immunohistochemistry and single-stranded conformational polymorphism (SSCP) for p53 mutation. RESULTS: The positivity rates for H pylori and EBV were 94.4% and 8.45%, respectively. The majority of the cases displayed only the H pylori presence. All EBV positive cases were also H pylori positive. None infectious agent was observed in 5.55% of the cases. The intestinal type tumor was more frequent in the co-infected and non-infected groups. The female predominated in the non-infected group showing statistical significance (70.4% vs 29.6%, P=0.039). The Bcl-2 was only detected in the group exclusively infected by H pylori. However, c-Myc and Bax were detected in the three groups but with a low frequency in the co-infected group. Mutation of p53 was present in all groups, with the highest frequencies in the H pylori positive groups. CONCLUSION: The frequency of H pylori infection in gastric carcinomas was high. The presented data indicated that gastric carcinogenesis has different pathways depending of the presence of the two investigated infectious agents, suggesting a possible involvement of H pylori with apoptotic process. The low expression of c-Myc and Bax in the EBV-positive groups suggests that EBV may inhibit the expression of these proteins. Nevertheless, p53 mutation shows to be a relevant alteration, independent of both infectious agents.

关键词： Gastric carcinoma Helicobacter pylori Epstein-Barr virus, p53, Bax, Bcl-2, c-Myc

Perspectives on new biomarkers in gastric cancer: Diagnostic and prognostic applications

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第33期20卷 11574-11585页

作者： Danilo do Rosário Pinheiro Wallax Augusto Silva ferreira Mariceli Baia Leo barros Mariana Diniz Araújo Symara Rodrigues-Antunes Bárbara do Nascimento Borges Master Program of Animal Health and Production Federal Rural University of Amazonia Belém PA 66077-530 Brazil Molecular Biology Laboratory Biological Science Institute Federal University of Pará Belém PA 66075-110 Brazil Center of Agropecuary Technology Socio-environmental and Hydric Resources Institute Federal Rural University of Amazonia Belém PA 66077-530 Brazil

Gastric cancer is considered one of the most deadly tumors worldwide. Even with the decline in its incidence, the mortality rate of this disease has remained high, mainly due to its late diagnosis and to the lack of precise prognostic markers. The main purpose of this review is to present genetic, epigenetic and proteomic molecular markers that may be used in a diagnostic and prognostic manner and to discuss the pros and cons of each type of marker for improving clinical practice. In this sense, we observed that the use of genetic markers, especially mutations and polymorphisms, should be carefully considered, as they are strongly affected by ethnicity. Proteomic-based markers show promise, but the higher costs of the associated techniques con-tinue to make this approach expensive for routine use. Alternatively, epigenetic markers appear to be very promising, as they can be detected in bodily fluids as well as tissues. However, such markers must be used carefully because epigenetic changes may occur due to environmental factors and aging. Despite the advances in technology and its access, to date, there are few defined biomarkers of prognostic and diagnostic use for gastric tumors. Therefore, the use of a panel of several approaches(genetic, epigenetic and proteomic) should be considered the best alternative for clinical practice.

关键词： Molecular markers Epigenetic Genetic Proteomic Diagnosis Prognosis Gastric tumors

Major regulatory mechanisms involved in sperm motility

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2017年第1期19卷 5-14页

作者： Rute Pereira Rosalia Sa Alberto barros Mario Sousa Department of Microscopy Laboratory of Cell Biology Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar University of Porto (ICBAS-UP) Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 2284050-313 Porto Portugal and Multidisciplinary Unit for Biomedical Research-UMIB ICBAS-UP Centre for Reproductive Genetics Alberto barros Av. do Bessa 2401° Dto. Frente 4100-012 Porto Portugal Department of Genetics Faculty of Medicine University of Porto. Alameda Prof. Hernani Monteiro 4200-319 Porto Portugal and Institute of Health Research an Innovation (13S) University of Porto Portugal.

The genetic bases and molecular mechanisms involved in the assembly and function of the flagellum components as well as in the regulation of the flagellar movement are not fully understood, especially in humans. There are several causes for sperm immotility, of which some can be avoided and corrected, whereas other are related to genetic defects and deserve full investigation to give a diagnosis to patients. This review was performed after an extensive literature search on the online databases PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Web of Science. Here, we review the involvement of regulatory pathways responsible for sperm motility, indicating possible causes for sperm immotility. These included the calcium pathway, the cAMP-dependent protein kinase pathway, the importance of kinases and phosphatases, the function of reactive oxygen species, and how the regulation of cell volume and osmolarity are also fundamental components. We then discuss main gene defects associated with specific morphological abnormalities. Finally, we slightly discuss some preventive and treatments approaches to avoid development of conditions that are associated with unspecified sperm immotility. We believe that in the near future, with the development of more powerful techniques, the genetic causes of sperm immotility and the regulatory mechanisms of sperm motility will be better understand, thus enabling to perform a full diagnosis and uncover new therapies.

关键词： antioxidants calcium membrane channels protein kinases sperm genetic abnormalities sperm motility

Physical growth status of Brazilian indigenous,urban and rural school children

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Physical growth status of Brazilian indigenous,urban and rur...