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Prevalence of visual impairment and estimation of refractive errors among school children in Kakamega,Kenya

International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2024年第5期17卷 932-939页

作者： Isabel Signes-Soler alfred Ragot Sheilah Nangena Andrew Wekesa Raúl Montalbán Llamusí Department of Optics and Optometry and Vision Sciences Universidat de ValènciaBurjassotValencia 46010Spain NGO Vision Without Borders(Visio Sense Fronteres VSF)Calpe 03710AlicanteSpain Masinde Muliro University of Science and Technology P.O Box 190-50100KakamegaKenya clinica Baviera Alicante c/Ausóy Monzó 16Alicante 03006Spain

AIM:To investigate the prevalence of visual impairment(VI)and provide an estimation of uncorrected refractive errors in school-aged children,conducted by optometry students as a community ***:The study was *** 3343 participants were included in the *** initial examination involved assessing the uncorrected distance visual acuity(UDVA)and visual acuity(VA)while using a+2.00 D *** inclusion criteria for a subsequent comprehensive cycloplegic eye examination,performed by an optometrist,were as follows:a UDVAcimal(0.20 logMAR)and/or a VA with+2.00 D≥0.8 decimal(0.96 logMAR).RESULTS:The sample had a mean age of 10.92±2.13y(range 4 to 17y),and 51.3%of the children were female(n=1715).The majority of the children(89.7%)fell within the age range of 8 to *** the ethnic groups,the highest representation was from the Luhya group(60.6%)followed by Luo(20.4%).Mean logMAR UDVA choosing the best eye for each student was 0.29±0.17(range 1.70 to 0.22).Out of the total,246 participants(7.4%)had a full eye *** estimated prevalence of myopia(defined as spherical equivalent≤-0.5 D)was found to be 1.45%of the total *** around 0.18%of the total sample had hyperopia value exceeding+1.75 *** astigmatism(cilce was 1.26%of the total *** our cases of VI,76.2%could be attributed to uncorrected refractive *** was detected in 0.66%(22/3343)of the screened *** was no statistically significant correlation observed between age or gender and refractive ***:The primary cause of VI is determined to be uncorrected refractive errors,with myopia being the most prevalent refractive error *** findings underscore the significance of early identification and correction of refractive errors in school-aged children as a means to alleviate the impact of VI.

关键词： visual impairment refractive errors myopia amblyopia sustainable development goals

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Three- and Four-Dimensional Generalized Pythagorean Numbers

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Advances in Pure Mathematics 2024年第1期14卷 1-15页

作者： alfred Wünsche Institute of Physics Humboldt University Berlin Germany

The Pythagorean triples (a, b | c) of planar geometry which satisfy the equation a2+b2=c2 with integers (a, b, c) are generalized to 3D-Pythagorean quadruples (a, b, c | d) of spatial geometry which satisfy the equation a2+b2+c2=d2 with integers (a, b, c, d). Rules for a parametrization of the numbers (a, b, c, d) are derived and a list of all possible nonequivalent cases without common divisors up to d2 is established. The 3D-Pythagorean quadruples are then generalized to 4D-Pythagorean quintuples (a, b, c, d | e) which satisfy the equation a2+b2+c2+d2=e2 and a parametrization is derived. Relations to the 4-square identity are discussed which leads also to the N-dimensional case. The initial 3D- and 4D-Pythagorean numbers are explicitly calculated up to d2, respectively, e2.

关键词： Number Theory Pythagorean Triples Tesseract 4-Square Identity Diophantine Equation

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confucius and American Democracy

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china Today 2024年第6期73卷 48-50页

作者： alfred HORNUNG The Obama Institute for Transnational American Studies Johannes Gutenberg UniversityMainzGermany

UPON the establishment of European universities in the Middle Ages,the educational system in Western countries became characterized by an essentially Eurocentric *** was reflected in the study of Latin and Greek in high school,and in basing public life and political systems on philosophies of classical *** work of the influential chinese philosopher confucius(551-479 B.c.),a near-contemporary of the major Greek philosophers Socrates(469-399 B.c.),Plato(428-348 B.c.)and Aristotle(384-322 B.c.),whose ethical and political ideas entered into the constitutions of European states,remained unknown.

关键词： Latin Middle confucius

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Antimony, Arsenic and Thallium Bioaccumulation in Asiatic clam (corbicula fluminea) Transplanted along the Manadas creek, Laredo, Texas

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2024年第4期15卷 379-400页

作者： Natasha Garcia Vaughan Thomas alfred Addo-Mensah Department of Biology & chemistry Texas A&M International University Laredo USA

Manadas creek is an urban tributary of the Rio Grande that flows past a decommissioned antimony smelter and processing plant. This antimony plant is associated with heavy metal contamination in the creek and still poses a threat to the surrounding aquatic environment. corbicula fluminea was used to determine bioaccumulation from the water column and sediments in Manadas creek. The metals arsenic (As), antimony (Sb) and thallium (Tl) were analyzed in the water, sediments, gills, mantle, foot, digestive (DI) tract, gonads and shell of clams being monitored at eight sites between March and August 2013. Sediment, water, and dissected corbicula fluminea samples from different sites in the creek were acid-digested and analyzed by Inductively coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectroscopy. High levels of antimony (25.88 ug/L;75.96 mg/kg) and arsenic (8.26 ug/L;6.41 mg/kg) in the water and sediments were observed at the site downstream from the smelter. There were no detectable concentrations of arsenic, antimony, or thallium in the shell of c. fluminea. Arsenic and antimony were detected in the tissues of c. fluminea but thallium was not detected. Based on the results, the organotropism for arsenic is DI tract > gills > gonads > foot > mantle > shell and the organotropism for antimony is gills > DI tract > gonads > mantle > foot > shell. This study shows that the Asiatic clam (corbicula fluminea) is a useful bio-monitor to provide data on the status of metal pollution in Manadas creek, Laredo, Texas.

关键词： Biomarker Manadas creek Rio Grande Heavy Metals corbicula fluminea Biota Sediment Accumulation

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Structural characterization and anti-inflammatory activities of novel polysaccharides obtained from Pleurotus eryngii

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Food Science and Human Wellness 2024年第5期13卷 3031-3042页

作者： Han Wang Sai Ma alfred Mugambi Mariga Qiuhui Hu Qian Xu Anxiang Su Ning Ma Gaoxing Ma college of Food Science and Engineering Nanjing University of Finance and Economics/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and SafetyNanjing 210023China School of Agriculture and Food Science Meru University of Science and TechnologyMeru 972-60200Kenya

Natural polysaccharides named PEP-0.1-1,PEP-0-1 and PEP-0-2 from edible mushroom species Pleurotus eryngii were obtained in the present *** showed that molecular weights of these polysaccharides were 3235,2041 and 23933 Da,***,structural characterization revealed that PEP-0.1-1 had a→4-α-D-Glcp-1→backbone and contained→4)-α-D-Glcp and→4)-β-D-Glcp reducing end ***-0-1 backbone contained→4-α-D-Glcp-1→and→6-α-3-O-Me-D-Galp-1→,and the side chains containedα-D-Glcp,β-D-Manp-1→andα-D-Glcp-3→.However,PEP-0-2 backbone consisted of→4-α-DGlcp-1→and→6-α-3-O-Me-D-Galp-(1→6)-α-D-Galp-1→while the side chains containedα-D-Glcp andβ-D-Manp-1→.Biological activity analysis was then carried out and found that all these polysaccharides could significantly suppress the relative mRNA expression of toll-like receptor 4,nitric oxide(NO),tumor necrosis factor-α,interleukin(IL)-1βand IL-6 in lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced inflammation of RAW264.7 cells,as well as the over secretion of the above cell ***,Western blotting analysis revealed that all these purified fractions displayed significant inhibition effects on the expression of c-Jun N-terminal kinases protein induced by LPS in mitogen activated protein kinase pathway,along with the relieving on the inhibition effect of LPS on IκB-αprotein *** summary,the information generated by the present study could provide a theoretical basis for the exploration of novel healthy food materials from edible mushroom with antiinflammation activities.

关键词： Pleurotus eryngii Polysaccharides Structural characterization Anti-inflammatory activity

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Impact of Storage Temperature on Microbial Diversity and Probiotic Effect of Liquid Brewers’ Yeast

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Open Journal of Animal Sciences 2024年第3期14卷 168-182页

作者： Peter Alphonce Obuong Alaru alfred Anakalo Shitandi Symon Maina Mahungu John Muasya Kilumba Muia Department of Dairy and Food Science and Technology Egerton University Nakuru Kenya Dairy Research Institute Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization Naivasha Kenya School of Pure and Applied Sciences Kisii University Kisii Kenya

Using probiotics as animal feed additives instead of antibiotics is gaining momentum to avert adverse negative effects on human health. Liquid brewers yeast (LBY) is an industrial by-product containing probiotic microorganisms and is also used as a protein supplement for dairy animals. Nevertheless, value chain actors lack of appropriate handling practices compromises the by-products quality and safety. This study aimed to determine the effect of variation in temperature on microbial diversity and probiotic effects during the storage time of LBY sampled from distributors and farmers from Githunguri sub-county of Kenya. The samples were stored at 20c, 25c and 30c, then tested on 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 days. The studys parameters involved determining the pH levels, lactic acid bacteria (LAB), total coliform count (Tcc), mould, and yeast in LBY. The rate (k) of the reaction kinetics model was used to extrapolate the expected probiotic shelf life. The LAB and yeast populations were reduced in a first-order reaction at all storage temperatures. The rate of reduction in the numbers of LAB reduced with an increase in temperature (k = 0.019 and 0.023) at 20c and 30c, respectively. Yeasts highest rate of growth reduction was 25c (k = 0.009) and least at 30c (k = 0.043). The minimum effective concentration for probiotics of 106 cFU/mL needed to observe the beneficial physiological impact on farm animals was achieved between 34.9 and 35.5 days at the tested storage temperatures. The study provides insight into the unexploited low-cost probiotic potential of LBY in dairy production. conversely, handling practices and environmental microbial contamination along the value chain can compromise product quality and safety. There is a need to advocate its use in dairy for improved productivity and sensitize farmers to appropriate hygienic measures along the LBY value chain.

关键词： Liquid Brewers’ Yeast Microbial Diversity Probiotics Shelf Life

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Genomic landscape of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第46期20卷 17498-17506页

作者： Niklas Gebauer christian Schmidt-Werthern Veronica Bernard alfred c.feller Tobias Keck Nehara Begum Dirk Rades Hendrik Lehnert Georg Brabant christoph Thorns Department of Pathology University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein23538 LuebeckGermany Department of Surgery University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein23538 LuebeckGermany Department of Radiation Oncology University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein 23538 LuebeckGermany Department of Internal Medicine I University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein23538 LuebeckGermany

AIM: To investigate the prognostic role of genomic stability and copy number alterations (cNAs) pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PanNETs).

关键词： Array comparative genomic hybridization copy number alterations chromosomal aberrations Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors Prognosis

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Assessment of the Recent Hydromorphological Features of Nokoue Lake and Its channels (South-East Benin)

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Open Journal of Modern Hydrology 2024年第1期14卷 33-55页

作者： Tètchodiwèï Julie-Billard Yonouwinhi Gérard alfred Franck Assiom d’Almeida Felix Kofi Abagale Akuemaho Virgile Onésime Akowanou Laboratory of Applied Hydrology (LHA) National Institute of water (INE) African Centre of Excellence for Water and Sanitation (C2EA) University of Abomey-Calavi (UAC) Cotonou Benin International chair in Mathematical Physics and Applications (IcMPA–UNEScO chair) University of Abomey-Calavi (UAC) Cotonou Benin Laboratory of Geology Mining and Environment (LGME) Faculty of Science and Technology (FAST) University of Abomey-Calavi (UAC) Cotonou Benin West African centre for Water Irrigation and Sustainable Agriculture (WACWISA) University of Development Studies (UDS) Tamale Ghana Laboratory of Sciences and Technology for Water and Environment (LSTEE) University of Abomey-Calavi (UAC) Cotonou Benin

Based on 2022 and 2023 hydrometric data and satellite images (Sentinel 2022, SPOT 2010), this study aims to present the Nokoué Lake and its channels’ re-cent hydromorphological characteristics. Integrating flow, tributary morphology, and topography data determined specific power values along the axes studied. The values obtained range from 2.69 to 12.92 W/m2 for Ouémé River and 2.46 to 10.99 W/m2 for Sô River. The resulting water erosion on banks and bottoms is of linear, areolar, or gully and claw types. Lake bathymetry varies from -0.5 to -2.6 m (low flow period) and -1 to -4 m;in the Ouémé, Sô, and Totchè rivers, it varies from -5 m to -7 m, reaching -10 m at the cotonou channel entrance (flood period). Bathymetric profiles reveal varied “U”, “V” and “Intermediate” bottom morphologies, influenced by erosion/sedimentation processes and human activities. The flow facies identified are lentic in the northern tributaries and lotic in the cotonou and Totchè canals. Spatial analysis identified nine (09) thematic classes. In 2022, the surface area of the water body has increased from 274 km2 at low water to 280 km2 at high water, whereas in 2010 (a recent year of exceptional flooding), the surface area was 270 km2 at low water and 277 km2 at high water. Significant changes in land use are observed between 2010 and 2022. The floodplain area decreased slightly, from 421 km2 in 2010 (year of exceptional flooding) to 419 km2 in 2022. The evolution of land use shows a progressive expansion of the urban environment to the detriment of the natural environment. In the medium to long term, this trend could threaten the hydromorphological balance and even the existence of this important lagoon ecosystem.

关键词： Nokoué Lake Ouémé River Sô River cotonou channel Hydromorphology

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Properties and characterization of Two clays Raw Material from Mountain District (West of côte d’Ivoire) for Use in Low-carbon cements

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Advances in Materials Physics and chemistry 2024年第8期14卷 137-145页

作者： Wedjers Max Robin Manouan Bi Irié Hervé Gouré Doubi Lébé Prisca Marie-Sandrine Kouakou Atta Kouamé Brice Koffi alfred Niamien Kouamé Namory Méité UFR Sciences et Technologies Universit de Man Man Cte dIvoire UFR Sciences Biologiques Universit Peleforo GON COULIBALY Korhogo Cte dIvoire Laboratoire de constitution et de raction de la matire Universit Felix Houphout-Boigny Abidan Cte dIvoire

This work was devoted to the study of the physico-chemical properties of two clay minerals from the Mountain District (West côte d'Ivoire) referenced ME1 and ME2. These samples were characterized by the experimental techniques, such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), Infrared spectroscopy (IR), Inductively coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry (IcP-AES), Differential Thermal Analysis and Thermogravimetry (DTA-TG), Brunauer, Emett and Teller method (BET), laser particle size analysis and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The main results of these analyses reveal that the two clay samples mainly contain quartz (52.91% for ME1 and 51.72% for ME2), kaolinite (36.60% for ME1 and 41.6% for ME2) and associated phases, namely goethite and hematite (13.47% for ME1 and 11.00% for ME2). The specific surface values obtained for samples ME1 and ME2 are 34.78 m2/g and 29.18 m2/g respectively. The results obtained show that the samples studied belong to the kaolinite family. After calcination, they could have good pozzolanic activity and therefore be used in the manufacture of low-carbon cements.

关键词： Quartz Kaolinite Mountain District Low-carbon cements

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多囊卵巢综合征患者体成分对肝、肾功能和血脂的影响

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首都医科大学学报 2024年第4期45卷 623-628页

作者：蒋玲玲阮祥燕李妍秋张明珍王泽铖杨瑜刘莉莉 alfred O.Mueck 首都医科大学附属北京妇产医院/北京妇幼保健院内分泌科北京100026 德国图宾根大学妇产医院妇女健康部与妇女健康研究中心图宾根D-72076

目的分析多囊卵巢综合征(polycystic ovary syndrome,PcOS)女性患者体成分对肝、肾功能和血脂的影响。方法本研究为横断面、病例对照研究,招募2020年10月至2023年12月于首都医科大学附属北京妇产医院内分泌科就诊的678例20~40岁的育龄... 详细信息

目的分析多囊卵巢综合征(polycystic ovary syndrome,PcOS)女性患者体成分对肝、肾功能和血脂的影响。方法本研究为横断面、病例对照研究,招募2020年10月至2023年12月于首都医科大学附属北京妇产医院内分泌科就诊的678例20~40岁的育龄期女性作为研究对象。根据2004年国际鹿特丹标准,将研究对象分为PcOS组(n=578)和对照组(n=100)。测量身高、体质量、腰围、臀围,并计算身体质量指数(body mass index,BMI)、测量体脂百分比(body fat percentage,BFP)、检测丙氨酸氨基转移酶(alanine transaminase,ALT)、门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(aspartate aminotransferase,AST)、肌酐(creatinine,cre)、尿酸(uric acid,UA)、尿素氮(blood urea nitrogen,BUN)、总胆固醇(total cholesterol,Tc)、三酰甘油(triglycerides,TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(low density lipoprotein-cholesterol,LDL-c)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(high density lipoprotein-cholesterol,HDL-c)、脂蛋白(a)[lipoprotein(a),LP(a)]。并分析PcOS体成分对肝功能的影响。结果PcOS组体质量、腰围、BMI均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P均cOS组ALT、AST、UA也高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P均cOS组BUN、cre、HDL-c与对照组相比,差异无统计学意义。PcOS组BFP高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(PcOS患者伴有超重或者肥胖。PcOS组转氨酶异常率高达12.8%,超重肥胖的PcOS患者转氨酶异常率高达17.86%,显著高于瘦型PcOS组和对照组(P均cOS患者Tc、TG、LDL-c、LP(a)均显著高于对照组。结论PcOS患者尤其是那些超重或肥胖者,面临更高的肝功能受损风险和血脂异常问题。因此,针对PcOS患者的管理应特别关注其体成分对肝、肾功能和血脂的影响,通过控制体质量、改善胰岛素抵抗、调节饮食和增加运动,有助于提高PcOS患者的整体健康状况和远期生命质量。

关键词：多囊卵巢综合征体成分肝功能肾功能血脂水平

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