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Assessment of Institutional and Legal Framework for Sustainable Land Use Management Practices in Ashi River Watershed,China

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Journal of Harbin Institute of Technology(New Series) 2021年第6期28卷 23-36页

作者： Vitus Tankpa Li Wang Raphael Ane Atanga Xiaomeng Guo alfred awotwi State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment School of EnvironmentHarbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin 150090China Department of Tourism School of Tourism and HospitalityUniversity of JohannesburgJohannesburgSouth Africa Department of Environmental Science University for Development Studies(UDS)NavrongoGhana

Nonpoint source(NPS)pollutants resulting from land degradation(LD)have been a key influential factor on the deterioration of water ***,sustainable land use management(SLM)practices have been employed to reduce the impacts of LD ***,the adoption of SLM practices is often not effective to protect water resources despite its capability of improving water ***,evidence shows that activities of land users directly influence SLM practices and NPS pollution of water resources in watersheds,but invariably this has not been clearly *** how SLM practices adoption could prevent NPS pollution of water resources in watershed is a ***,the primary aim of the investigation is to comprehend the status of SLM practices with the legal framework supporting the adoption of such practices in the Ashi River watershed.A survey instrument involving structured questionnaire was implemented to collect data.A randomly based lottery method was applied to sample information from 150 land users in two control units’*** and inferential statistics was used to analyze the *** research revealed that there is low adoption of SLM practices of the study *** low adoption is due to weak capacity building and enforcement of regulations in the *** and age of the residents are the strongest predictors of SLM adoption *** connected with farming are more sensitive to the adoption status of *** is our recommendation that policy makers should ensure capacity building,and enforcement of regulations can specifically compel farmers to adopt SLM *** approach would complement other strategies to solve the NPS pollution issue of Ashi River.

关键词： sustainable land use management institutional framework legal framework adoption land users Ashi River watershed

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Modern developments in image mining

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2008年第S1期51卷 13-25页

作者： alfred STEIN ITC PO Box 6 7500 AA EnschedeNetherlands

This paper presents some new developments in image mining. Image mining con-siders the chain from object identification from remote sensing images through modeling,tracking on a series of images and prediction,towards communication to stakeholders. Attention is given to image mining for vague and uncertain objects. Aspects of up-and down-scaling are addressed. We further consider in this paper both spatial interpolation and decision making. The paper is illustrated with several case studies.

关键词： image mining uncertain objects spatial data quality decision making scale

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Comparing intellectual and graphical complexities of traditional and image-derived landuse maps

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2010年第S1期53卷 205-212页

作者： STEIN alfred Earth Observation Science International Institute for Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation

Remotely sensed images have become a powerful source for landuse *** far,no quantitative comparison and evaluation exist on the differences between an image-derived landuse map and a traditional landuse *** comparison and evaluation may indicate the possibility for the replacement of a traditional landuse map by an image-derived *** complexity is widely used to describe cartographic representations and map effectiveness from intellectual aspect and graphical *** paper quantifies intellectual and graphical map complexities to explore the differences between these two kinds of *** complexity concerns the meaning or significations contained on a *** complexity concerns spatial characteristics of the graphical content on a *** show that the high graphical complexity of the image-derived landuse map is not harmonized with its low intellectual *** intention of this paper is to encourage realistic cognition of the accuracy and problems existing in image-derived landuse maps.

关键词： landuse map intellectual complexity graphical complexity

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Discovery of new materials using combinatorial synthesis and high-throughput characterization of thin-film materials libraries combined with computational methods

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npj Computational Materials 2019年第1期5卷 547-553页

作者： alfred Ludwig Chair for Materials Discovery and Interfaces Institute for MaterialsFaculty of Mechanical EngineeringRuhr University BochumBochumGermany ZGH Ruhr University BochumBochumGermany

This perspective provides an experimentalist’s view on materials discovery in multinary materials systems—from nanoparticles over thin films to bulk—based on combinatorial thin-film synthesis and high-throughput characterization in connection with highthroughput calculations and materials *** multinary materials systems as well as composition gradients which cover all materials compositions necessary for verification/falsification of hypotheses and predictions are efficiently fabricated by combinatorial synthesis of thin-film materials *** high-quality high-throughput characterization methods enable comprehensive determination of compositional,structural and(multi)functional properties of the materials contained in the *** created multidimensional datasets enable data-driven materials discoveries and support efficient optimization of newly identified materials,using combinatorial ***,these datasets are the basis for multifunctional existence diagrams,comprising correlations between composition,processing,structure and properties,which can be used for the design of future materials.

关键词： synthesis film characterization

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Traditional usage,phytochemistry and pharmacology of Croton sylvaticus *** ***

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2017年第5期10卷 401-407页

作者： alfred Maroyi Medicinal Plants and Economic Development(MPED)Research Center Department of BotanyUniversity of Fort HarePrivate Bag X1314Alice 5700South Africa

Croton sylvaticus(C. sylvaticus) is widely used as herbal medicine by the indigenous people of tropical Africa. The potential of C. sylvaticus as herbal medicine,the phytochemistry and pharmacological properties of its parts used as herbal medicines are reviewed. The extensive literature survey revealed that C. sylvaticus is traditionally used to treat or manage at least 24 human and animal diseases and ailments. The species is used as herbal medicine for diseases and ailments such as abdominal pains,boils,fever,inflammation,malaria,rheumatism,swellings and tuberculosis and as ethnoveterinary medicine. Multiple classes of phytochemicals such as alkaloids,anthraquinones,essential oils,flavonoids,lignan,phenolics,sterols,tannins and terpenoids have been isolated from the species. Scientific studies on C. sylvaticus indicate that it has a wide range of pharmacological activities which include antibacterial,antifungal,anti-inflammatory,antioxidant,larvicidal and effects on the central nervous system. Although studies have confirmed that C. sylvaticus has a wide range of bioactives,further research on the exact bioactive molecules and mechanisms of action are required.

关键词： Africa Croton sylvaticus Ethnopharmacology Euphorbiaceae Indigenous knowledge Traditional uses

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Euclea undulata Thunb.:Review of its botany,ethnomedicinal uses,phytochemistry and biological activities

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2017年第11期10卷 1030-1036页

作者： alfred Maroyi Medicinal Plants and Economic Development(MPED)Research Centre Department of BotanyUniversity of Fort HarePrivate Bag X1314Alice 5700South Africa

Euclea undulata(E. undulata) is traditionally used for the treatment of body pains, chest complaints, cough, diabetes, diarrhoea, headaches, heart diseases and toothaches in southern Africa. This study was aimed at reviewing the botany, ethnopharmacology and biological activities of E. undulata in southern Africa. Results presented in this study are based on review of literature using search engines such as Science Direct, Springerlink,Scopus, Pub Med, Web of Science, Bio Med Central and Google Scholar. Herbal medicine is prepared from the decoctions of the roots, bark and leaves, and extracts of these plant parts have demonstrated anticholinesterase, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antimycobacterial, antiplasmodial, antioxidant and hypoglycaemic activities. Multiple classes of phytochemical compounds such alkaloids, diterpenes, fatty acids, flavonoids, glycosides, naphthoquinones, phenolics, phytosterols, reducing sugars, saponins and tannins have been isolated from the species. E. undulata has a lot of potential as herbal medicine in tropical Africa, and advanced research is required aimed at correlating its medicinal uses with the phytochemistry and pharmacological properties.

关键词： Complementary and alternative medicine Euclea undulata Ethnopharmacology Southern Africa Traditional medicine

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Phytochemical and ethnopharmacological review of Elephantorrhiza goetzei(Harms)Harms

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2017年第2期10卷 101-107页

作者： alfred Maroyi Department of Botany University of Fort HarePrivate Bag X1314Alice 5700South Africa

Elephantorrhiza goetzei(***) commonly known as Goetze's elephantorrhiza,is traditionally used as a decoction in the treatment of a variety of conditions such as pain,sores,sexually transmitted infections(STIs),gastro-intestinal disorders,microbial infections and genito-urinary system *** the basis of its wide distribution in south central Africa,*** has a long history of applications among the different ethnic groups.A total of 23 ethnomedicinal uses of *** are documented in this study from 62.5% of the countries where the species is *** classes of phytochemicals including phenolic compounds,coumarins,flavonoids,saponins,stilbenoids,tannins and triterpenoids have been identified from *** bark,leaves and roots in different *** validation of its diverse uses in traditional medicine has been demonstrated through antibacterial,antifungal,antiviral,anthelmintic,antioxidant and cytotoxicity assays of crude extracts as well as isolated compounds from the *** has been widely used as a source of herbal medicine for several years without any adverse *** light of its long traditional use and the modern phytochemical and pharmacological evaluations summarized in this study,*** has been demonstrated to show a strong potential for therapeutic and health-maintaining ***,there is need for additional studies on the isolated compounds to validate the traditional uses in human models as well as evaluating the possible mechanisms of *** present review focusing on the biology,traditional uses,phytochemistry and pharmacological properties of *** has provided preliminary information for further studies on the species.

关键词： Africa Anthelmintic Antimicrobial Antioxidant Elephantorrhiza goetzei Primary healthcare

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Use of a multi-temporal grid method to analyze changes in glacier coverage in the Tibetan Plateau

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2009年第7期19卷 861-872页

作者： alfred Stein International Institute for Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation (ITC)

This paper describes a multi-temporal grid method for quantifying changes in glacier coverage. A multi-temporal grid synthesizes spatial, attribute and process components of glacier information by sequentially combining spatial data from satellite images or maps. It enables us to identify glacier retreat and advance areas in individual grid cells for three or more periods of data sets. Discrepancies among the sequential data sets were detected graphically and numerically, including noise from geo-location error, misclassification, or different interpretation results in various pixel resolutions. Noise was detected and corrected to a large extent by visualization of the synthetic grid. The paper compares the results with that from a common method based on individual data sets, focusing on the Mt. Naimona’Nyi and Mt. Qomolangma regions at the northern slopes of the Himalayas. Results show that the identified noise (e.g. by 2.5 km2 in the Mt. Naimona’Nyi region) is much larger than measurement uncertainty calculated by sensor resolution and coregistration error (e.g. by 0.015 km2 in the Mt. Naimona’Nyi region). After noise removal, we notice that glacier recession clearly accelerates. The multi-temporal grid method results in a better quantification of glacier variation. It shows that glaciers in the Himalayas have both retreated and advanced during the last several decades, with retreat dominating and accelerating. Glaciers on the northern slope of Mt. Qomolangma in the middle Himalayas retreat more extensively and faster than those in the Mt. Naimona’Nyi region in the western Himalayas.

关键词： Glacier Multi-temporal grid Mt. Naimona’Nyi Mt. Qomolangma Himalayas Tibetan Plateau

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Diospyros lycioides Desf:Review of its botany, medicinal uses,pharmacological activities and phytochemistry

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2018年第2期8卷 130-136页

作者： alfred Maroyi Medicinal Plants and Economic Development Research Centre Department of Botany University of Fort Hare

Diospyros lycioides Desf.(D. lycioides) is traditionally used as herbal medicine against various human and animal ailments in tropical Africa. The present paper reviewed information on botany, medicinal uses, phytochemistry and pharmacological activities of D. lycioides. This review was compiled using scientific literature from electronic search engine such as PubMed,Scopus, ScienceDirect, Springerlink, BioMed Central, Scielo, Medline and Science *** literatures were obtained from book chapters, books, dissertations, websites and other scientific publications. D. lycioides is used as traditional medicine in 50% of the countries where the species is native in tropical Africa. This study recorded 22 medicinal uses of *** which included abdominal pains, infertility in women, sexually transmitted infections,and used as chewing sticks(or mouthwash), toothbrushes and ethnoveterinary medicine. *** extracts demonstrated anti-adhesive, anti-inflammatory, antimetastatic, antioxidant,antifungal, antiproliferative, mutagenicity and antibacterial activities. Future research should focus on the pharmacological properties, phytochemistry, clinical trials and pharmacokinetics of D. lycioides which will enhance the therapeutic potential of the species.

关键词： Diospyros lycioides Ethnopharmacology Herbal medicine Traditional uses Tropical Africa

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Acacia karroo Hayne:Ethnomedicinal uses,phytochemistry and pharmacology of an important medicinal plant in southern Africa

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2017年第4期10卷 331-340页

作者： alfred Maroyi Medicinal Plants and Economic Development(MPED)Research Center Department of BotanyUniversity of Fort HarePrivale Bag X1314Alice5700South Africa

Acacia karroo(***) has been used as herbal medicine by the indigenous people of southern Africa for several *** potential *** as herbal medicine,its associated phytochemistry and biological activities are *** extensive literature survey revealed that *** is traditionally used to treat or manage 32 and five human and animal diseases and *** species is used as herbal medicine for diseases and ailments such as colds,diarrhoea,dysentery,***,sexually transmitted infections(STis),wounds,and also as colic and ethnovetcrinary *** classes of phytochemicals such as ***,phytosterols,***,terpenes as well as several minerals have been identified from leaves and roots of *** studies on *** indicate that it has a wide range of pharmacological activities which include antibacterial,antifungal,***,antilisterial,antimalarial,antimycobacterial,***-1 reverse transcriptase,anti-inflammatory and *** karroo has a lot of potential as a possible source of pharmaceutical products for the treatment of a wide range of both human and animal diseases and *** research should focus on the mechanisms of action of the different plant parts used as herbal *** compounds,their efficacy,toxicity and clinical relevance.

关键词： Acacia karroo Ethnomedicinal uses Ethnopharmacology Ethnoveterinary medicine Southern Africa Traditional knowledge

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