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Avian malaria,haematocrit,and body condition in invasive wetland passerines settled in southwestern Spain

Avian Research 2023年第1期14卷 99-107页

作者： Jaime Muriel Luz Garcia-Longoria Sergio Magallanes Juan Antonio Ortiz Alfonso MARZAL Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos(IREC) CSIC-UCLM-JCCMRonda de Toledo 1213005Ciudad RealSpain Universidad de Extremadura Facultad de BiologíaDepartamento de AnatomíaBiología Celular y Zoología Avenida de Elvas s/n06006BadajozSpain Estación Biológica de Donana(EBD-CSIC) Departamento de Ecología de los HumedalesAvda.Américo Vespucio 2641092SevillaSpain Hirundo Bird Ringing Group BadajozSpain Grupo de Investigaciones en Fauna Silvestre Universidad Nacional de San MartínJr.Maynas177722021TarapotoPeru

Avian malaria and related haemosporidian parasites can negatively impact fitness in many songbirds.Research on the malaria infection and its physiological costs on their avian hosts is heavily skewed toward native passerines,with exotic species underrepresented.However,introduced species may carry on and spread new pathogens to native species,and play a role on parasite transmission cycle in invaded bird communities as pathogen reservoir.Here,we molecularly assess the prevalence and diversity of haemosporidian parasites in three introduced wetland passerines(the Red Avadavat Amandava amandava,the Yellow-crowned Bishop Euplectes afer,and the Common Waxbill Estrilda astrild)captured during the same season in southwestern Spain.We also explored the relation between parasite infection,body condition,haematocrit,and uropygial gland volume.We detected an overall parasite prevalence of 3.55%,where Common Waxbills showed higher prevalence(6.94%)than Red Avadavats(1.51%).None Yellow-crowned Bishops were infected with haemosporidians.Almost 60%of infections were caused by Leucocytozoon,and about 40%by Plasmodium.We identified four unique lineages of Plasmodium and three of Leucocytozoon.Moreover,91%of the identified host-parasite interactions represented new host records for these haemosporidian parasites.Parasite infection was not related to body condition,haematocrit,and uropygial gland volume of the wetland passerines.Haematocrit values varied seasonally among bird species.Additionally,haematocrit was positively related to body condition in the Yellow-crowned Bishops,but not in the other species.Red Avadavats had higher haematocrit levels than Yellow-crowned Bishops,whereas Common Waxbills showed the lower haematocrit values.The uropygial gland volume was positively correlated with body condition in all bird species.Common Waxbills showed higher uropygial gland volumes related to their body size than birds from other two species.These outcomes highlight the importance of exotic invasive species in the transmission dynam

关键词： Avian malaria Exotic species Introduced birds Leucocytozoon Plasmodium Uropygial gland

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Exploring the adjustment to parasite pressure hypothesis: differences in uropygial gland volume and haemosporidian infection in palearctic and neotropical birds

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Current Zoology 2021年第2期67卷 147-156页

作者： Sergio MAGALLANES Anders Pape MøLLER Charlene LUJÁN-VEGA Esteban FONG Daniel VECCO Wendy FLORES-SAAVEDRA Luz GARCÍA-LONGORIAA Florentino DE LOPE JoséA.IANNACONE Alfonso MARZAL Department of Anatomy Cellular Biology and ZoologyUniversity of ExtremaduraAvda.de Elvas S/NBadajoz ES-06006Spain Ecologie Systématique Evolution UniversitéParis-SudOrsay 91400France Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering of Ministry of Education College of Life SciencesBeiing Normal UniversityBeiing 100875China Pharmacology and Toxicology Graduate Group University of CaliforniaDavisDavisCA 95616USA EverGreen Institute-San Rafael Distrito de IndianaLoreto 16200Perú Centro Urku de Estudios Amazónicos Tarapoto 22202Perú Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina Lima 15024Perú Molecular Ecology and Evolution Lab Department of BiologyLund UniversityLund 22100Sweden Laboratorio de Ingenieria Ambiental Universidad Cientifica del Sur-Villa el SalvadorLima 15067Perú Laboratorio de Invertebrados Universidad Ricardo PalmaSantiago de Surco 15039Perú

Parasites are globally widespread pathogenic organisms,which impose im portant selective forces upon their hosts.Thus,in accordance with the A djustm ent to parasite pressure hypothesis,it is expected that defenses among hosts vary relative to the selective pressure imposed by parasites.According to the latitudinal gradient in diversity,species richness and abundance of parasites peak near the equator.The uropygial gland is an im portant defensive exocrine gland against pathogens in birds.Size of the uropygial gland has been proposed to vary among species of birds because of divergent selection by pathogens on their hosts.Therefore,we should expect that bird species from the tropics should have relatively larger uropygial glands for their body size than species from higher latitudes.However,this hypothesis has not yet been explored.Here,we analyze the size of the uropygial gland of 1719 individual birds belonging to 36 bird species from 3 Neotropical(Peru)and 3 temperate areas(Spain).Relative uropygial gland volum e was 12.52%larger in bird species from the tropics than from temperate areas.This finding is consistent w ith the relative size of this defensive organ being driven by selective pressures imposed by parasites.We also explored the potential role of this gland as a means of avoiding haemosporidian infection,showing that species with large uropygial glands for their body size tend to have lower mean prevalence of haemosporidian infection,regardless o f their geographical origin.This result provides additional support for the assum ption that secretions from the uropygial gland reduce the likelihood of becoming infected with haemosporidians.

关键词： adjustment to parasite pressure hypothesis malaria Neotropical region preen oil temperate region

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Diversity and host assemblage of avian haemosporidians in different terrestrial ecoregions of Peru

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Current Zoology 2022年第1期68卷 27-40页

作者： Luz GARCIA-LONGORIA Jaime MURIEL Sergio MAGALLANES Zaira Hellen VILLA-GALARCE Leonila RICOPA Wilson Giancarlo INGA-DIAZ Esteban FONG Daniel VECCO Cesar GUERRA-SALDANA Teresa SALAS-RENGIFO Wendy FLORES-SAAVEDRA Kathya ESPINOZA Carlos MENDOZA Blanca SALDANA Manuel GONZALEZ-BLAZQUEZ Henry GONZALES-PINEDO Charlene LUJAN-VEGA Carlos Alberto Del AGUILA Yessica VILCA-HERRERA Carlos Alberto PINEDA Carmen REATEGUI Jorge Manuel CARDENAS-CALLIRGOS JoseAlberto IANNACONE Jorge Luis MENDOZA Ravinder NMSEHGAL Alfonso MARZAL Departamento de Anatomia Biologia Celular y ZoologiaUniversidad de ExtremaduraBadajoz E-506071Spain Molecular Ecology and Evolution Lab Department of BiologyLund UniversitySolvegatan 37SE-22362 LundSweden Instituto Pirenaico de Ecologıa-IPE(CSIC) Avda.Nuestra Senora de la Victoria 16Jaca 22700Spain DIRESA Direccion Regional de SaludLoreto 16001Peru Departamento Academico de Microbiologia y Parasitologia.Facultad de Ciencias Biologicas Universidad Nacional de la Amazonia PeruanaIquitos 16001Peru Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias Universidad Alas PeruanasLima 15823Peru EverGreen Institute-San Rafael Distrito de IndianaLoreto 16200Peru Observatorio de Aves Loreto(LBO) Distrito de San JuanLoreto 16008Peru Centro Urku de Estudios Amazonicos Tarapoto 22200Peru Servicio Nacional de Areas Naturales Protegidas por el Estado 15036Peru Sanidad Animal-Facultad de Zootecnia Universidad Nacional Agraria La MolinaLima 15012Peru Laboratorio de Microbiologia Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y ZootecniaUniversidad CientUfica del SurLima 15067Peru Laboratorio de Analisis Clinico Moraleslab SAC MoralesSan Martin 22201Peru Asociacion Ecosistemas Andinos(ECOAN) Cuzco 08002Peru Pharmacology and Toxicology Graduate Group University of CaliforniaDavisDA 95616USA Global Health Initiative Wabash CollegeCrawfordsvilleIN 47933USA Facultad de Ciencias Biologicas Universidad Nacional Mayor de San MarcosLima 15081Peru Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria Universidad Nacional Hermilio ValdizanHuanuco10160Peru Asociacion Peruana de Helmintologia e Invertebrados Afines Lima 15054Peru Laboratorio de Ecologia y Biodiversidad Animal Universidad Nacional Federico VillarrealEl AgustinoLima 15007Peru Laboratorio de Invertebrados Universidad Ricardo Palma-Santiago de SurcoLima 15537Peru Department of Biology San Francisco State UniversitySan FranciscoCA 94132USA

Characterizing the diversity and structure of host–parasite communities is crucial to understandingtheir eco-evolutionary dynamics.Malaria and related haemosporidian parasites are responsible forfitness loss and mortality in bird species worldwide.However,despite exhibiting the greatest ornithologicalbiodiversity,avian haemosporidians from Neotropical regions are quite unexplored.Here,we analyze the genetic diversity of bird haemosporidian parasites(Plasmodium andHaemoproteus)in 1,336 individuals belonging to 206 bird species to explore for differences in diversityof parasite lineages and bird species across 5 well-differentiated Peruvian ecoregions.Wedetected 70 different haemosporidian lineages infecting 74 bird species.We showed that 25 out ofthe 70 haplotypes had not been previously recorded.Moreover,we also identified 81 new host–parasite interactions representing new host records for these haemosporidian parasites.Our outcomesrevealed that the effective diversity(as well as the richness,abundance,and Shannon–Weaver index)for both birds and parasite lineages was higher in Amazon basin ecoregions.Furthermore,we also showed that ecoregions with greater diversity of bird species also had highparasite richness,hence suggesting that host community is crucial in explaining parasite richness.Generalist parasites were found in ecoregions with lower bird diversity,implying that the abundanceand richness of hosts may shape the exploitation strategy followed by haemosporidian parasites.These outcomes reveal that Neotropical region is a major reservoir of unidentified haemosporidianlineages.Further studies analyzing host distribution and specificity of these parasites inthe tropics will provide important knowledge about phylogenetic relationships,phylogeography,and patterns of evolution and distribution of haemosporidian parasites.

关键词： Amazonia avian malaria generalist parasite habitat specificity Haemoproteus Plasmodium specialist parasite

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Neurotrophic fragments as therapeutic alternatives to ameliorate brain aging

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Neural Regeneration Research 2023年第1期18卷 51-56页

作者： Itzel Ortiz Flores Samuel Treviño alfonso Díaz Department of Health Sciences School of MedicineUniversity of the Americas PueblaPueblaMexico Faculty of Chemical Sciences Benemerita Autonomous University of PueblaPueblaMexico

Aging is a global phenomenon and a complex biological process of all living beings that introduces various changes.During this physiological process,the brain is the most affected organ due to changes in its structural and chemical functions,such as changes in plasticity and decrease in the number,diameter,length,and branching of dendrites and dendritic spines.Likewise,it presents a great reduction in volume resulting from the contraction of the gray matter.Consequently,aging can affect not only cognitive functions,including learning and memory,but also the quality of life of older people.As a result of the phenomena,various molecules with notable neuroprotective capacity have been proposed,which provide a therapeutic alternative for people under conditions of aging or some neurodegenerative diseases.It is important to indicate that in recent years the use of molecules with neurotrophic activity has shown interesting results when evaluated in in vivo models.This review aims to describe the neurotrophic potential of molecules such as resveratrol(3,5,4′-trihydroxystilbene),neurotrophins(brain-derived neurotrophic factor),and neurotrophic-type compounds such as the terminal carboxyl domain of the heavy chain of tetanus toxin,cerebrolysin,neuropeptide-12,and rapamycin.Most of these molecules have been evaluated by our research group.Studies suggest that these molecules exert an important therapeutic potential,restoring brain function in aging conditions or models of neurodegenerative diseases.Hence,our interest is in describing the current scientific evidence that supports the therapeutic potential of these molecules with active neurotrophic.

关键词： Alzheimer’s disease brain cerebral cortex cognitive function dendritic spines HC-TeTx hippocampus neurodegeneration neuronal survival neurotrophins

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Emergence of bariatric psychiatry as a new subspecialty

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World Journal of Psychiatry 2022年第1期12卷 108-116页

作者： alfonso Troisi Department of Systems Medicine University of Rome Tor VergataRome 00133Italy

Bariatric surgery is the branch of surgery aimed at helping a person with obesity lose weight.The implementation of surgical treatment of obesity is growing at an impressive rate.As expected,the expanding implementation of bariatric procedures has progres-sively revealed critical issues that were not evident when the number of obese patients treated with surgery was relatively small.One critical issue is the importance of mental health assessment and care of bariatric patients.The aim of this review is to provide readers with an up-to-date summary of the goals,methods,and clinical strategies of bariatric psychiatry.The aims can be grouped into three distinct categories.First,to ascertain that there are no psychiatric contraindications to safe bariatric surgery.Second,to diagnose and treat pre-surgery mental conditions that could predict poor weight loss.Third,to diagnose and treat post-surgery mental conditions associated with poor quality of life.Although bariatric psychiatry has gained the status of a new subspecialty within the field of mental health and psychopathology,many clinical questions remain unsolved.We need more long-term data on outcome measures such as quality of life,adherence to behavioral guidelines,risk of suicide,and postsurgery prevalence of psychological disturbances and mental disorders.

关键词： Bariatric surgery Psychiatry Weight loss Mental health Quality of life Preoperative assessment Postoperative follow-up

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Target Capturing in an Ellipsoidal Region for a Swarm of Double Integrator Agents

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IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica 2022年第5期9卷 801-811页

作者： Antonio Bono Luigi D'alfonso Giuseppe Fedele Veysel Gazi IEEE Department of Informatics ModelingElectronics and Systems EngineeringUniversity of CalabriaRende 87036Italy Dept.Electrical and Electronics Eng. Faculty of EngineeringMarmara UniversityIstanbul 34722 Department of Control and Automation Engineering Faculty of Electrical and Electronics EngineeringYildiz Technical UniversityEsenler 34220Turkey

In this paper we focus on the target capturing problem for a swarm of agents modelled as double integrators in any finite space dimension.Each agent knows the relative position of the target and has only an estimation of its velocity and acceleration.Given that the estimation errors are bounded by some known values,it is possible to design a control law that ensures that agents enter a user-defined ellipsoidal ring around the moving target.Agents know the relative position of the other members whose distance is smaller than a common detection radius.Finally,in the case of no uncertainty about target data and homogeneous agents,we show how the swarm can reach a static configuration around the moving target.Some simulations are reported to show the effectiveness of the proposed strategy.

关键词： Agents-based systems cooperative control swarms target-capturing

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Genetics of adult attachment and the endogenous opioid system

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World Journal of Psychiatry 2022年第8期12卷 1105-1107页

作者： alfonso Troisi Department of Systems Medicine University of Rome Tor VergataRome 00133Italy

Since the pioneering work by Panksepp et al,the neurobiological bases of attachment behavior have been closely linked with opioid neurotransmission.Candidate gene studies of adult individuals have shown that variation in the muopioid receptor gene(OPRM1)influences attachment behavior.Early maternal care and the A/A genotype of the A118G polymorphism interact in modulating levels of fearful attachment.Compared to their counterparts carrying the A/A genotype,individuals expressing the minor 118G allele show lower levels of avoidant attachment and experience more pleasure in social situations.Brain imaging research has strengthened the biological plausibility of candidate gene studies.The avoidance dimension of attachment correlates negatively with muopioid receptor availability in the thalamus and anterior cingulate cortex,as well as the frontal cortex,amygdala,and insula.Overall,findings from human studies combined with those from animal models suggest that research on the genetic bases of attachment should include the endogenous opioid system among the investigated variables.

关键词： Genetics Avoidant attachment Fearful attachment Endogenous opioids OPRM1 A118G polymorphism

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Biomedical overview of melanin.2.Updating molecular modeling,synthesis mechanism,and supramolecular properties regarding melanoma therapy

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BIOCELL 2022年第6期46卷 1391-1415页

作者： JUAN CARLOS STOCKERT alfonso BLÁZQUEZ-CASTRO Facultad de Medicina Instituto de Oncología“Angel H.Roffo”Universidad de Buenos AiresBuenos AiresC1417DTBArgentina Centro Integrativo de Biología y Química Aplicada(CIBQA) Universidad Bernardo O’HigginsSantiago8370854Chile Departamento de Biología Facultad de CienciasUniversidad Autónoma de MadridMadrid28049Spain

Melanins represent one of the most ancient and important group of natural macromolecular pigments.They have multiple biological roles in almost all organisms across the Phyla,examples being photoprotection,anti-oxidative action,radical scavenger activity,and heavy metal removal.From the biomedical point of view,melanocytes are involved in the origin of melanoma tumors,and the main therapeutic advances for their treatment have been revised in Part 1 of this review.The chemical structure of eumelanin is a biological concern of great importance,and therefore,exploring theoretical molecular models and synthesis mechanisms will be here described,as well as molecular orbital features and supramolecular organization,which are responsible for the key properties that make these biological pigments so important,and so fascinating.Ultimately,this updated overview is devoted to describe present structural models and physico-chemical characteristics of eumelanin,in order to explain and utilize melanin properties on which new photothermal and ultrasonic protocols for melanoma treatment can be devised and applied.

关键词： Eumelanin Melanin models Melanin synthesis Molecular orbitals Supramolecular structure

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Rheological and tribological approaches as a tool for the development of sustainable lubricating greases based on nano-montmorillonite and castor oil

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Friction 2021年第2期9卷 415-428页

作者： Jose Enrique MARTÍN-alfonso María Jose MARTÍN-alfonso Concepción VALENCIA María Teresa CUBERES Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Campus de“El Carmen”University of HuelvaChemical Product and Process Technology Research Center(Pro2TecS)Huelva 21071Spain Department of Applied Mechanics and Project Engineering University of Castilla-La ManchaAlmadén 13400Spain

This study investigates the development of novel montmorillonite/castor oil blends to formulate sustainable lubricating greases to promote the replacement of petrochemicals industry-derived materials by substances obtained from renewable sources.Specifically,the effect of the thickener concentration on the rheological,chemical,thermal,tribological properties,and atomic force microscopy(AFM)microstructure of these systems were studied.The results showed that the C20A nanoclay content could be used to modulate the viscosity values,the linear viscoelastic functions,and tribological properties of these montmorillonite dispersions.In general,these gel-like dispersions exhibited remarkable lubricant properties;the samples showed values of the friction coefficient and wear scars similar or lower than those obtained with model bentonite grease.

关键词： lubricating greases nanoclay vegetable oil rheology tribology

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Atrial fibrillation in the elderly

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Journal of Geriatric Cardiology 2019年第1期16卷 49-53页

作者： Pablo Díez-Villanueva Fernando alfonso Department of Cardiology Hospital Universitario de la Princesa

Atrial fibrillation(AF)is the most common arrhythmia in elderly population,with age being one of the most important factors involved in its pathogenesis.Conduction disturbances may be present on the surface electrocardiogram before AF onset in some patients.Once this arrhythmia is diagnosed,antithrombotic therapy is mandatory in most cases,as this is the only treatment that has demonstrated to improve survival.Age increases both the risk of thromboembolic and bleeding complications,while benefits from anticoagulant therapy outweigh that from bleeding in most scenarios,also in very elderly patients.However,elderly patients with AF are often undertreated.Non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants have emerged as an alternative to vitamin K antagonists,with significant less adverse events and better profile in terms of efficacy and safety.Other conditions related to age should be carefully evaluated in these patients(including frailty,comorbidity and polypharmacy)to ensure an individualized clinical and therapeutic approach.

关键词： Atrial fibrillation Antithrombotic therapy Frailty Non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants The elderly

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