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Geopolitical Analysis of the Entry of Finland and Sweden to the North Atlantic Treaty Organization(NATO)

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International Relations and Diplomacy 2023年第1期11卷 1-23页

作者： Eduardo alfonso Rosales Herrera National Autonomous University of Mexico Mexico CityMexico

Russia’s invasion of Ukraine has significantly altered the pattern of alliances and geopolitical balances on the European continent to such an extent that countries like Finland and Sweden that have traditionally remained neutral are now applying to join the North Atlantic Treaty Organization(NATO).These two countries fear that Russia,which is currently trying to reposition itself,could try in the near future to invade these two Nordic countries to prevent the West(European Union,United Kingdom,and United States)from increasing its military presence and its military force in the Scandinavian peninsula and in the Baltic *** enlargement that the European Union(EU)has carried out since the 1990s,and that has also meant the expansion of NATO,has been viewed with great concern by the government of Vladimir Putin,who considers that the United States and the European Union did not fulfill their commitment to former Russian President Mikhail Gorbachev to respect the sphere of influence of the former Union of Soviet Socialist Republics(USSR).Within the framework of this geopolitical confrontation,Helsinki and Stockholm do not want to run the risk of being invaded by the Russian army,which is why they seek to take advantage of the principle of collective security that NATO membership would grant them.

关键词： Geopolitical alliances and balances West vs.Russia Finland Sweden NATO expansion areas of influence collective security national security

Relativity Current Paradigm with Unresolved Anomalies

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Journal of Modern Physics 2014年第6期5卷 364-374页

作者： alfonso Leon Guillen Gomez Independent Scientific Researcher Bogota Colombia

When a theory, as the general relativity, linked to special relativity, is foundation of a scientific paradigm, through normal science and academy, scientifics, professionals, professors, students and journals of that scientific community, the paradigm, it self-sustains and reproduces. Thus, the research is obligated and limited to apply the model existent of the paradigm to formulate problems and solve them, without searching new discoveries. This self-protection of the paradigm causes it to end its cycle of life, only after a long time, until that arise unresolved anomalies, some presents since origin, that they finally cause its change by other new paradigm. In this work, we study the most important anomalies that are part of the foundations of general relativity with the goal of promoting the call period of transition that is previous to scientific revolution. We use critical analysis method for rereading the general relativity, from the perspective of the history of science and philosophy of science. We find, the structural and complex anomaly of general relativity based on metaphysical spacetime that produces the metaphysics replaces physics. Also, two internal anomalies their direct consequences. These are: matter curves metaphysical spacetime, and metaphysical spacetime determines the geodesic motion of physical matter. We conclude that general relativity has no valid physical concept of spacetime, therefore of gravity. For these reasons, a new paradigm is needed.

关键词： Relativity Spacetime Gravity Physics Metaphysics Paradigm Scientific Revolution

Tribological performance of tributylmethylammonium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)amide as neat lubricant and as an additive in a polar oil

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Friction 2019年第3期7卷 282-288页

作者： Rubén GONZáLEZ Diego RAMOS David BLANCO alfonso FERNáNDEZ-GONZáLEZ Jose L.VIESCA Mark HADFIELD Antolin HERNáNDEZ BATTEZ Department of Marine Science and Technology University of OviedoAsturias 33203Spain Department of Construction and Manufacturing Engineering University of OviedoAsturias 33203Spain Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry University of OviedoAsturias 33006Spain Department of Design and Engineering Bournemouth UniversityPoole BH12 5BBUK

The ionic liquid(IL) tributylmethylammonium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)amide([N4441][NTf2]) was used as neat lubricant and as an additive(1.5 wt%) in a polar oil to study its friction and wear reducing *** tests were completed for 90 minutes at room temperature and 100 °C in a reciprocating configuration at loads of 30 and 70 N,10 Hz-frequency,and 4 mm stroke *** volume was measured by confocal microscopy and the surface-IL interaction determined by *** main findings were that neat IL showed the best tribological behavior;the IL-containing mixture behaved similar to the base oil regarding friction,however outperformed the antiwear behavior of the base oil under higher temperature;surface-IL chemical interaction was found mainly at 100 °C.

关键词： ionic liquid additive friction wear polar oil

Long-term trends in the abundance and breeding performance in Adélie penguins:the Argentine Ecosystem Monitoring Program

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Advances in Polar Science 2024年第1期35卷 132-140页

作者： Mariana A.JUÁRES AnahíM.SILVESTRO Brenda C.alfonso M.Mercedes SANTOS Departamento Biología de Predadores Tope Instituto Antártico Argentino(IAA)Buenos Aires B1650CSPArgentina Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas(CONICET) Buenos Aires C1425FQBArgentina Laboratorios Anexos Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y MuseoUniversidad Nacional de La PlataLa Plata B1904AMAArgentina INEDES(CONICET-UNLu) Buenos Aires C1425FQBArgentina Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y museo Universidad Nacional de La PlataLa Plata B1900FWAArgentina Instituto Antártico Argentino(IAA) Buenos Aires B1650CSPArgentina

In this work,we report long-term trends in the abundance and breeding performance of Adélie penguins(Pygoscelis adeliae)nesting in three Antarctic colonies(i.e.,at Martin Point,South Orkneys Islands;Stranger Point/Cabo Funes,South Shetland Islands;and Esperanza/Hope Bay in the Antarctic Peninsula)from 1995/96 to 2022/*** yearly count data of breeding groups selected,we observed a decline in the number of breeding pairs and chicks in crèche at all colonies ***,the magnitude of change was higher at Stranger Point than that in the remaining ***,the index of breeding success,which was calculated as the ratio of chicks in crèche to breeding pairs,exhibited no apparent trend throughout the study ***,it displayed greater variability at Martin Point compared to the other two colonies under *** the number of chicks in crèche of Adélie penguins showed a declining pattern,the average breeding performance was similar to that reported in gentoo penguin colonies,specifically,those undergoing a population increase(even in sympatric colonies facing similar local conditions).Consequently,it is plausible to assume a reduction of the over-winter survival as a likely cause of the declining trend observed,at least in the Stranger Point and Esperanza ***,we cannot rule out local effects during the breeding season affecting the Adélie population of Martin Point.

关键词： long-term monitoring Adélie penguin breeding pairs chicks crèched breeding success population trends

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Morphoagronomic characterization and wholegenome resequencing of eight highly diverse wild and weedy *** and *** *** accessions used for the first interspecific tomato MAGIC population

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Horticulture Research 2020年第1期7卷 477-492页

作者： Pietro Gramazio Leandro Pereira-Dias Santiago Vilanova Jaime Prohens Salvador Soler Javier Esteras alfonso Garmendia María JoséDíez Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences University of Tsukuba1-1-1 Tennodai305-8572 TsukubaJapan Instituto de Conservación y Mejora de la Agrodiversidad Valenciana Universitat Politècnica de ValènciaCamino de Vera 1446022 ValenciaSpain Departamento de Ecosistemas Agroforestales Universitat Politècnica de ValènciaCamino de Vera 1446022 ValenciaSpain Instituto Agroforestal Mediterráneo Universitat Politècnica de ValènciaCamino de Vera 1446022 ValenciaSpain

The wild Solanum pimpinellifolium(SP)and the weedy *** ***(SLC)are largely unexploited genetic reservoirs easily accessible to breeders,as they are fully cross-compatible with cultivated tomato(*** ***).We performed a comprehensive morphological and genomic characterization of four wild SP and four weedy SLC accessions,selected to maximize the range of variation of both *** eight accessions are the founders of the first tomato interspecific multi-parent advanced generation inter-cross(MAGIC)*** morphoagronomic characterization was carried out with 39 descriptors to assess plant,inflorescence,fruit and agronomic traits,revealing the broad range of diversity *** of the morphological variation observed in SP was likely associated to the adaptation of the accessions to different environments,while in the case of SLC to both human activity and adaptation to the ***-genome resequencing of the eight accessions revealed over 12 million variants,ranging from 1.2 to 1.9 million variants in SLC and from 3.1 to 4.8 million in SP,being 46.3%of them(4,897,803)private *** genetic principal component analysis also confirmed the high diversity of SP and the complex evolutionary history of *** was also reflected in the analysis of the potential footprint of common ancestors or old introgressions identified within and between the two *** functional characterization of the variants revealed a significative enrichment of GO terms related to changes in cell walls that would have been negatively selected during domestication and *** comprehensive morphoagronomic and genetic characterization of these accessions will be of great relevance for the genetic analysis of the first interspecific MAGIC population of tomato and provides valuable knowledge and tools to the tomato community for genetic and genomic studies and for breeding purposes.

关键词： agronomic breeding MAGIC

Anti-inflammatory evaluation and acute toxicity of three food supplements that contain Moussonia deppeana

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2017年第2期10卷 134-140页

作者： Gabriel alfonso Gutiérrez-Rebolledo Mariana Zuleima Pérez-González Alejandro Zamilpa María Adelina Jiménez-Arellanes Unidad de Investigación Médica en Farmacología Hospital de EspecialidadesCentro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI(CMN-SXXI)Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social(IMSS)Av.Cuauhtémoc 330Col.DoctoresDeleg.Cuauhtémoc06720 Ciudad de México(CDMX)Mexico Centro de Investigación Biomédica del Sur(CIBIS) IMSSArgentina No.1Col.Centro62790 XochitepecMorelosMexico

Objective:To identify the anti-inflammatory activity through two murine models and in the median Lethal Dose(LD_(50)) of three dietary supplements that contain Moussonia ***:The anti-inflammatory activity of three dietary supplements(Cicatrisan/Gastricus^(R),Gastinol^(R),and Gastrovita^(R)) EtOH extracts was evaluated by TPA and by carrageenan murine models;also,median Lethal Dose(LD_(50)) was *** was quantified by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography.β-sitosterol,stigmasterol and the mixture of ursolic and oleanolic acids were identified in all supplements by TLC;however,none of these dietary supplements contain ***:For the TPA model,Cicatrisan/Gastricus^(R)generated a notable effect with 38.24%*** in the carrageenan model,it also exhibited noteworthy anti-inflammatory activity of ear edema with 66.39%of paw edema inhibition at 150 mg/kg,followed by Gastinol^(R) and Gastrovita^(R) with 50%at 300 mg/***,LD_(50) was >2 g/kg for all supplements,when was administered intragastrically and Body Weight(BW) gain in mice was not altered after 14 ***:Of the three food supplements containing ***,only the EtOH extract from the Cicatrisan/Gastricus^(R)formulation(tablets) showed significant anti-inflammatory activity in both experimental models and the LD_(50) was > 2 g/kg.

关键词： Moussonia deppeana Food supplements Acute inflammation Mexican medicinal plants Herbal remedies Traditional medicine

Beneficial effects of deep cryogenic treatment on mechanical properties of additively manufactured high entropy alloy:cyclic vs single cryogenic cooling

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2022年第20期115卷 40-51页

作者： Hongge Li Wenjie Zhao Tian Chen Yongjiang Huang Jianfei Sun Ping Zhu Yunzhuo Lu alfonso H.W.Ngan Daqing Wei Qing Du Yongchun Zou School of Materials Science and Engineering Harbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin 150001China School of Materials Science and Engineering Dalian Jiaotong UniversityDalian 116028China Department of Mechanical Engineering The University of Hong KongHong KongChina Center of Analysis Measurement and Computing Harbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin 150001China

Additively manufactured(AM)metallic materials commonly possess substantial tensile surface residual stress,which is detrimental to the load-bearing service ***,we demonstrated that deep cryogenic treatment(DCT)is an effective method for improving the tensile properties of CoCrFeMnNi high-entropy alloy(HEA)samples fabricated by laser melting deposition(LMD),by introducing high compressive residual stress and deformation microstructures without destroying the AM ***,carrying out the DCT in a single-step mode does not improve the residual stress gradients inherent from the LMD process,which are undesirable as the mechanical properties will not be homogeneous within the *** this work,we show that carrying out the DCT in a cyclic mode with repeated cryogenic cooling and reheating can significantly homogenize the residual stress in LMD-fabricated Co Cr Fe Mn Ni HEA,and improve tensile strength and ductility,compared with single-step DCT of the same cryogenic soaking *** cyclic DCT,the thermal stress is re-elevated to a high value at each cryogenic cooling step,leading to the formation of denser and more intersecting reinforcing crystalline defects and hcp phase transformation,compared to single-step DCT of the same total cryogenic soaking duration in which the thermal stress relaxes towards a low value over *** enhancement of defect formation in the cyclic mode of DCT also leads to more uniform residual stress distribution in the sample after the *** results here provide important insights on optimizing DCT processes for post-fabrication improvement of mechanical properties of AM metallic net shapes.

关键词： Additive manufacturing High entropy alloy Deep cryogenic treatment Residual stress Mechanical properties

Congenital Absence of Pericardium:The Largest Systematic Review in the Field on 247 Worldwide Cases(1977-Now)

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Congenital Heart Disease 2023年第6期18卷 595-610页

作者： Pier Paolo Bassareo Aurelio Secinaro Paolo Ciliberti Massimo Chessa Marco alfonso Perrone Kevin Patrick Walsh Colin Joseph Mcmahon Mater Misericordiae University Hospital National Adult Congenital Heart Disease ServiceDublinD07 R2WYIreland Children’s Health Ireland Crumlin DublinIreland School of Medicine University College of DublinDublinIreland Advanced Cardiovascular Imaging Unit Bambino GesùChildren’s HospitalIRCCSRomeItaly Department of Cardiac Surgery CardiologyHeart and Lung Transplantation Bambino Gesu’Children’s HospitalIRCCSRomeItaly Adult Congenital Heart Disease UNIT Paediatric and Adult Congenital Heart CentreIRCCS-Policlinico San DonatoSan Donato MilaneseMilanItaly School of Medicine Vita Salute San Raffaele UniversityMilanItaly Division of Cardiology and CardioLab Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational MedicineUniversity of Rome Tor VergataRomeItaly

Background:Congenital absence of pericardium(CAP),also known as pericardial agenesis,represents an uncommon cardiac abnormality and mostly incidental *** can be subdivided into complete and partial(left or right-sided)*** of its infrequency,just case reports and a few case series have been released so *** paper represents the largest systematic review in the *** features(age at diagnosis,type,gender,clinical presentation,electrocardiography,imaging(ultrasounds,CT/MRI),concomitant cardiac defects,and outcome)were ***:The electronic database PubMed was investigated from its establishment up to July 15th,*** case reports and case series were *** studies,papers that were not in English,Spanish,and Italian,and those manuscripts not reporting at least seven of the nine analysed *** ruled *** analysed data were reported mostly in terms of ***:One hundred eighty studies were included encompassing 247 *** than half of reviewed CAP cases were in males(63.2%).The mean age at diagnosis was 31.8±19.3 years;a range of 32 weeks of gestation-81 years).23.5%of the patients did not report any *** most common clinical presentations were chest pain(35.2%)and dyspnoea(29.2%).The most commonly seen ECG changes were right axis deviation(28.7%)and right bundle branch block(23.9%).CAP was suspected or diagnosed by echocardiography in 20.1%of *** diagnosis was made by CT and/or MRI in 61.9%of *** was left-sided in 71.2%,complete in 23.1%,and right-sided in 5.7%.A concomitant congenital heart defect was found in 22.7%,especially in the form of atrial septal defect(6.5%)and patency of ductus arteriosus(2.8%).The pericardial repair was required in 12.9% of the incomplete forms of the *** did the complete form require surgical *** outcome appeared favourable in the vast majority of cases,with just 18 deaths(7.3%).Discussion:The main limitation of this syste

关键词： Congenital absence pericardium pericardial agenesis electrocardiography echocardiography computed tomography cardiac magnetic resonance imaging

Pre-fire aboveground biomass, estimated from LiDAR, spectral and field inventory data, as a major driver of burn severity in maritime pine (Pinus pinaster) ecosystems

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Forest Ecosystems 2022年第2期9卷 234-246页

作者： Jose Manuel Fernandez-Guisuraga Susana Suarez-Seoane Paulo MFernandes Victor Fernandez-Garcia alfonso Fernandez-Manso Carmen Quintano Leonor Calvo Area of Ecology Department of Biodiversity and Environmental ManagementFaculty of Biological and Environmental SciencesUniversity of Leon24071LeonSpain Centro de Investigacao e de Tecnologias Agroambientais e Biologicas Universidade de Tras-os-Montes e Alto Douro5000-801Vila RealPortugal Department of Organisms and Systems Biology(Ecology Unit)and Research Unit of Biodiversity(IMIB UO-CSIC-PA)University of OviedoOviedoMieresSpain Agrarian Science and Engineering Department School of Agricultural and Forestry EngineeringUniversity of Leon24400PonferradaSpain Electronic Technology Department School of Industrial EngineeringUniversity of Valladolid47011ValladolidSpain Sustainable Forest Management Research Institute University of Valladolid-Spanish National Institute for Agriculture and Food Research and Technology(INIA)34004PalenciaSpain

Background:The characterization of surface and canopy fuel loadings in fire-prone pine ecosystems is critical for understanding fire behavior and anticipating the most harmful ecological effects of ***,the joint consideration of both overstory and understory strata in burn severity assessments is often *** aim of this work was to assess the role of total,overstory and understory pre-fire aboveground biomass(AGB),estimated by means of airborne Light Detection and Ranging(LiDAR)and Landsat data,as drivers of burn severity in a megafire occurred in a pine ecosystem dominated by Pinus pinaster *** the western Mediterranean ***:Total and overstory AGB were more accurately estimated(R^(2) equal to 0.72 and 0.68,respectively)from LiDAR and spectral data than understory AGB(R^(2)=0.26).Density and height percentile LiDAR metrics for several strata were found to be important predictors of *** severity responded markedly and non-linearly to total(R^(2)=0.60)and overstory(R ^(2)=0.53)AGB,whereas the relationship with understory AGB was weaker(R ^(2)=0.21).Nevertheless,the overstory plus understory AGB contribution led to the highest ability to predict burn severity(RMSE=122.46 in dNBR scale),instead of the joint consideration as total AGB(RMSE=158.41).Conclusions:This study novelty evaluated the potential of pre-fire AGB,as a vegetation biophysical property derived from LiDAR,spectral and field plot inventory data,for predicting burn severity,separating the contri-bution of the fuel loads in the understory and overstory strata in Pinus pinaster *** evidenced relationships between burn severity and pre-fire AGB distribution in Pinus pinaster stands would allow the implementation of threshold criteria to support decision making in fuel treatments designed to minimize crown fire hazard.

关键词： Aboveground biomass Burn severity Landsat LiDAR Pinus pinaster