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Impact of chlorine exposure time on disinfection byproduct formation in the presence of iopamidol and natural organic matter during chloramination

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2019年第4期31卷 204-214页

作者： Nana Osei B.Ackerson alexis h.killinger hannah K.Liberatore Thomas A.Ternes Michael J.Plewa Susan D.Richardson Stephen E.Duirk Department of Civil Engineering University of Akron Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of South Carolina Federal Institute of hydrology (BfG) Department of Crop Sciences and Safe Global Water Institute and NSF Science and Technology Center of Advanced Materials for the Purification of Water with Systems University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign

Chloramines,in practice,are formed onsite by adding ammonia to chlorinated drinking water to achieve the required *** regulated disinfection byproducts(DBPs)are reduced during chloramine disinfection,other DBPs such as iodinated(iodo-)DBPs,that elicit greater toxicity are *** objective of this study was to investigate the impact of prechlorination time on the formation of both halogen-specific total organic halogen(TOX)and iodo/chlorinated(chloro-)DBPs during prechlorination/chloramination in source waters(SWs)containing iopamidol,an X-ray contrast *** SW(BSW)and Cleveland SW(CSW)containing iopamidol were prechlorinated for 5–60 min and afterwards chloraminated for 72 hr with ammonium *** contact time(CCT)did not significantly impact total organic iodine(TOI)concentrations after prechlorination or *** of total organic chlorine(TOCl)formed during prechlorination did not significantly change regardless of ph and prechlorination time,whileTOClappearedtodecreaseafter 72 ***(ChCl_2I)formation during prechlorination did not exhibit any significant trends as a function of p h or CCT,but after chloramination,significant increases were observed at phs 6.5 and 7.5 with respect to ***-hAAs were not formed during prechlorination but were detected after *** quantities of chloroform(ChCl_3)and trichloroacetic acid(TCAA)were formed during prechlorination but formation ceased upon ammonia ***,prechlorination studies should measure TOX and DBP concentrations prior to ammonia addition to obtain data regarding the initial conditions.

关键词： Prechlorinaton Iopamidol Monochloramine Disinfection byproducts(DBPs) Total organic chlorine(TOCl) Total organic iodine(TOI)

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Dynamic stress concentration in an infinitely long cylindrical cavity due to a point spherical source embedded within a fluid-saturated poroelastic formation of infinite extent

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Applied Mathematics and Mechanics(English Edition) 2025年第1期46卷 139-156页

作者： h.hOSSEINI O.BALILAShAKI Department of Mechanical Engineering Faculty of EngineeringGolestan University

The effects of a harmonically exciting monopole source on an infinitely long cylindrical cavity embedded entirely within a fluid-saturated poroelastic formation of infinite extent are examined theoretically. It is assumed that the source is located outside the cavity at a specified distance from the borehole axis. The magnitudes of the hoop and radial stresses beside the pore pressures exerted on the interface and inside the porous medium surrounding the borehole are calculated and discussed. Biot's poroelastic modeling along with three types of boundary conditions for the cylindrical interface including the ideal fluid, empty borehole, and rigid inclusion with a hard boundary is employed for the analysis. Utilizing a proper translational addition theorem for expressing the incident spherical wave in terms of cylindrical wave expansions, the proposed boundary conditions at the interface are satisfied. Stresses are formulated by means of wave potential functions in a three-dimensional(3D) manner. The effects of the frequency and the radial distance between the source and borehole on the induced stresses are examined for the first cylindrical modes over frequency spectra. Two permeability conditions for the interface and three types of soils for the porous formation are considered throughout the analysis. To give an overall outline of the study, a numerical example is presented. The results clearly indicate that the distance is a key parameter and has considerable effects on the induced stress values. In addition, the interface permeability condition and soil characteristics play an important role in determining the dynamic response of the borehole. Finally,the obtained results are compared with the relevant analyses existing in the literature for some limit cases, and good agreement is achieved.

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Neuroinflammation as a therapeutic target in huntington's disease

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第3期20卷 817-818页

作者： Andrea Kwakowsky Thulani h.Palpagama Center for Brain Research and Department of Anatomy and Medical Imaging Faculty of Medical and Health SciencesUniversity of AucklandAucklandNew Zealand Pharmacology and Therapeutics School of MedicineGalway Neuroscience CentreUniversity of GalwayGalwayIreland

In 1872, George huntington presented his essay “On Chorea” to the Meigs and Mason Academy of Medicine and, in doing so, detailed a disease that would later bear his name. huntington's disease(hD) is a genetic, neurodegenerative disease that manifests as the loss of motor control,cognitive impairment,and mood and psychiatric changes in paents.

关键词： huntington inflammation Medicine

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Glial response in the midcingulate cortex in huntington’s disease

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第1期20卷 207-208页

作者： Thulani h.Palpagama Andrea Kwakowsky Center for Brain Research and Department of Anatomy and Medical Imaging Faculty of Medical and Health SciencesUniversity of AucklandAucklandNew Zealand Pharmacology and Therapeutics School of MedicineGalway Neuroscience CenterUniversity of GalwayGalwayIreland

huntington’s disease(hD)is a genetic disease characterized by the progressive degeneration of the striatum and *** can present with a variety of symptoms that can broadly be classified into motor symptoms,inclusive of choreatic movements and rigidity,mood and psychiatric symptoms,such as depression and apathy,and cognitive symptoms,such as cognitive *** causal mutation underlying hD results from an expansion of a CAG repeat sequence on the IT15 gene,resulting in the formation and accumulation of a mutant huntingtin protein.

关键词： huntington degeneration cortex

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Prime waterfront real estate： Apple snails choose wild taro for oviposition sites

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Current Zoology 2011年第5期57卷 630-641页

作者： Colin h. KYLE alexis W. KROPF Romi L. BURKS Department of Ecology and Evolution University of Chicago Chicago IL 60637 USA Department of Biology Southwestern University Georgetown TX 78626 USA

While difficult to prevent introductions, scientific research can help guide control efforts of exotic, invasive species. South American island apple snails Pomacea insularum have quickly spread across the United States Gulf Coast and few control measures exist to delay their spread. Usually occupying cryptic benthic habitats, female apple snails crawl out of the water to de-posit large, bright pink egg clutches on emergent objects. To help identify the most likely place to find and remove clutches, we conducted four lab experiments to investigate what specific object qualifies （i.e. material; shape and height; plant species; natural and artificial） attracted P. insularum females to lay clutches. In our fourth experiment, we specifically examined the relationship between female size and reproductive output. To further understand reproductive output, we quantified experimental clutch chara-cteristics （height above water, dimensions, mass, approximate volume, number of eggs, hatching efficiency）. Pomacea insu-larum females laid more clutches on plant material, chose round over flat surfaces and failed to differentiate between tall and short structures. In comparison to a common native plant in the eastern US, Pontederia cordata, snails clearly preferred to lay clutches on a widely distributed exotic, invasive plant （wild taro, Colocasia esculenta）. Unexpectedly, smaller snails showed higher overall total fecundity as well as more eggs per clutch than larger snails. Therefore, hand removal efforts of large fe-males may not be enough to slow down clutch production. Collectively, our results indicate that conservationists and managers should search emergent plants for P. insularum clutches carefully to guard against established populations [Current Zoology 57 （5）： 630-641, 2011].

关键词： Colocasia Wild taro Fecundity Substrate Reproduction Facilitation

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Numerical modeling of dam-break flood through intricate city layouts including underground spaces using GPU-based SPh method

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Journal of hydrodynamics 2013年第6期25卷 818-828页

作者：吴建松张辉杨锐 DALRYMPLE Robert A. héRAULT alexis Faculty of Resources and Safety Engineering China University of Mining and Technology Department of Engineering Physics Tsinghua University Department of Civil Engineering Johns Hopkins University Conservatoire National des Arts et Métier

This paper applies the meshfree Smoothed Particle hydrodynamics （SPh） method with Graphical Processing Unit （GPU） parallel computing technique to investigate the highly complex 3-D dam-break flow in urban areas including underground spaces. Taking the advantage of GPUs parallel computing techniques, simulations involving more than 107 particles can be achieved. We use a virtual geometric plane boundary to handle the outermost solid wall in order to save considerable video card memory for the GPU computing. To evaluate the accuracy of the new GPU-based SPh model, qualitative and quantitative comparison to a real flooding experiment is performed and the results of a numerical model based on Shallow Water Equations （SWEs） is given with good accuracy. With the new GPU-based SPh model, the effects of the building layouts and underground spaces on the propagation of dambreak flood through an intricate city layout are examined.

关键词： dam-break flood city layouts Graphical Proceeding Unit (GPU) Smoothed Particle hydrodynamics (SPh) method

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Impacts of pollution heterogeneity on population exposure in dense urban areas using ultra-fine resolution air quality data

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2023年第3期125卷 513-523页

作者： Wenwei Che Yumiao Zhang Changqing Lin Yik him Fung Jimmy C.h.Fung alexis KhLau Division of Environment and Sustainability The Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyClear Water BayHong KongChina Department of Mathematics The Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyClear Water BayHong KongChina Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering The Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyClear Water BayHong KongChina Guangdong-hongkong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyClear Water BayHong KongChina

Traditional air quality data have a spatial resolution of 1 km or above, making it challenging to resolve detailed air pollution exposure in complex urban areas. Combining urban morphology, dynamic traffic emission, regional and local meteorology, physicochemical transformations in air quality models using big data fusion technology, an ultra-fine resolution modeling system was developed to provide air quality data down to street level. Based on one-year ultra-fine resolution data, this study investigated the effects of pollution heterogeneity on the individual and population exposure to particulate matter(PM_(2.5)and PM_(10)),nitrogen dioxide(NO_(2)), and ozone(O_(3)) in hong Kong, one of the most densely populated and urbanized cities. Sharp fine-scale variabilities in air pollution were revealed within individual city blocks. Using traditional 1 km average to represent individual exposure resulted in a positively skewed deviation of up to 200% for high-end exposure individuals. Citizens were disproportionally affected by air pollution, with annual pollutant concentrations varied by factors of 2 to 5 among 452 District Council Constituency Areas(DCCAs) in hong Kong, indicating great environmental inequities among the population. Unfavorable city planning resulted in a positive spatial coincidence between pollution and population, which increased public exposure to air pollutants by as large as 46% among districts in hong Kong. Our results highlight the importance of ultra-fine pollutant data in quantifying the heterogeneity in pollution exposure in the dense urban area and the critical role of smart urban planning in reducing exposure inequities.

关键词： Particulate matter Nitrogen dioxide Ozone Pollution heterogeneity Urban area

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Does mesenchymal stem cell’s secretome affect spinal sensory circuits?Implication for pain therapies

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第1期20卷 181-183页

作者： Francesco Ferrini Esri h.Juárez Adalberto Merighi Department of Veterinary Sciences University of TurinGrugliascoTOItaly Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience UniversitéLavalQuébec CityQCCanada

Mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)are multipotent adult stem cells of mesodermal origin that can be isolated from various tissues,including bone marrow,tooth pulp,adipose tissue,and umbilical *** have gained significant attention in regenerative medicine due to their ability to modulate the immune system and favor tissue *** enrich the medium in which they are cultivated with a broad range of bioactive molecules,including growth factors,cytokines,chemokines,enzymes,nucleic acids,and extracellular vesicles that collectively compose the MSC *** increasing number of pre-clinical studies suggest that delivering in vivo an MSC-conditioned medium(i.e.,the medium collected from MSC cultures after at least 3 days of exposure)exerts neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects in a variety of neurological conditions.

关键词： protective clinical collective

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Porous Medium Flow with Both a Fractional Potential Pressure and Fractional Time Derivative

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Chinese Annals of Mathematics,Series B 2017年第1期38卷 45-82页

作者： Mark ALLEN Luis CAFFARELLI alexis VASSEUR Department of Mathematics The University of Texas at AustinAustinTX 78712USA

The authors study a porous medium equation with a right-hand side. The operator has nonlocal diffusion effects given by an inverse fractional Laplacian *** derivative in time is also fractional and is of Caputo-type, which takes into account"memory". The precise model isD_t~αu- div(u(-Δ)^(-σ)u) = f, 0 he problem over {t ∈ R^+, x ∈ R^n} with nonnegative initial data u(0, x) ≥0 as well as the right-hand side f ≥ 0. The existence for weak solutions when f, u(0, x)have exponential decay at infinity is proved. The main result is h¨older continuity for such weak solutions.

关键词： Caputo derivative Marchaud derivative Porous medium equation hlder continuity Nonlocal diffusion

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high Frequency of Antiviral Resistance Mutations in hBV Genotypes A2 and h: Multidrug Resistance Strains in Mexico

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Journal of Clinical and Translational hepatology 2023年第5期11卷 1023-1034页

作者： alexis Jose-Abrego Sonia Roman João Renato Rebello Pinho Michele Soares Gomes-Gouvêa Arturo Panduro Department of Genomic Medicine in hepatology Civil Hospital of Guadalajara“Fray Antonio Alcalde”GuadalajaraJaliscoMexico health Sciences Center University of GuadalajaraGuadalajaraJaliscoMexico LIM07 Department of GastroenterologyUniversity of São PauloSão PauloBrazil hospital Israelita Albert Einstein São PauloBrazil

Background and Aims:Lamivudine(3TC),telbivudine(LdT),entecavir(ETV),adefovir(ADF),and tenofovir(TFV)are drugs used to treat hepatitis B virus(hBV)infection,but specific mutations allow some viruses to become resistant to antiviral drugs or to acquire immune escape *** mutations have not been thoroughly investigated in *** study aimed to estimate the prevalence of hBV antiviral resistance and escape ***:This cross-sectional study analyzed 158 *** DNA was extracted,amplified,and sequenced in serum samples using the spin column method,PCR assay,and Sanger’s sequencing,*** genotypes were determined,and hBV mutations were tested using the Geno2pheno ***:Overall,68.4%(108/158)of hBV patients were infected with genotype h,followed by G(11.4%,18/158),A2(10.8%,17/158),F1b(6.9.0%,11/158),D(1.9%,3/158),and E(0.6%,1/158),and 5.1%(8/158)had evidence of *** prevalence of resistance mutations was 8.2%(13/158)and the most common combined mutation was rt180M+***,we found the combinations rt180M+rt204V+rt173L(n=2)and rt180M+rt204V+rt202G(n=1)that confer multidrug resistance to 3TC,LdT,and *** mutations were found in genotypes A2(11.8%,2/17),and h(10.2%,11/108),and escape mutations were detected in hBV genotypes A2(11.8%,2/17),h(10.2%,11/108),F1b(9.1%,1/11)and G(5.6%,1/18).Conclusions:The highest prevalence of antiviral resistance mutations or escape mutations was detected in hBV genotypes A2 and *** earliest cases of hBV multidrug resistance were detected in Mexico.

关键词： hepatitis B virus Drug resistance mutations Multidrug resistance strain Immune escape

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