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New Insights on US Aggregate and State Level Trade with the China Region

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China & World Economy 2011年第6期19卷 92-108页

作者： Catherine y.co Department of Economics University of Nebraska at Omaha

Aggregate trade data with breakdown into related and non-related party.components show that US multinational enterprises use different trading strategies in the China region relative to other countries. US trade with the China region in 2002-007 is characterized by arm ＇s- length transactions. State-level trade data show great variability in state engagement with the region through trade： exports to the region range from 1 to 28 percent of state exports. In addition, compared to exports to other countries, exports to the region are highly.concentrated. At the extreme, for some states, 96-98 percent of exports to the region are computer and electronic products. Finally, gravity regressions show that state exports to Hong Kong are posflively associated with the relative size of the ltong Kong-born population in the states. There is no evidence that stricter labor regimes lead to lower state exports.

关键词： arm's-length trade intra-firm trade multinational finns US-China trade

Reevaluating health metrics:Unraveling the limitations of disabilityadjusted life years as an indicator in disease burden assessment

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World Journal of Methodology 2025年第1期15卷 14-19页

作者： Ariel Beresniak Dominique Bremond-Gignac danielle Dupont Gerard Duru Data Mining International Geneva 1216Switzerland Department of Ophtalmology Necker-Enfants Malades University HospitalAP-HPParis-CitéUniversityINSERMUMRS1138Team 17From Physiopathology of Ocular Diseases to Clinical DevelopmentSorbonne Paris CitéUniversityCentre de Recherche des CordeliersParis 75015France Data Mining America Montreal H2YCanada

In 1993,the World Bank released a global report on the efficacy of health promotion,introducing the disability-adjusted life years(DALy)as a novel *** DALy,a composite metric incorporating temporal and qualitative data,is grounded in preferences regarding disability *** review delineates the algorithm used to calculate the value of the proposed DALy synthetic indicator and elucidates key methodological challenges associated with its *** contrast to the quality-adjusted life years approach,derived from multi-attribute utility theory,the DALy stands as an independent synthetic indicator that adopts the assumptions of the Time Trade Off utility technique to define Disability *** to rely on no mathematical or economic theory,DALy users appear to have exempted themselves from verifying whether this indicator meets the classical properties required of all indicators,notably.content validity,reliability,specificity,and *** DALy.concept emerged primarily to facilitate comparisons of the health impacts of various diseases globally within the framework of the Global Burden of Disease initiative,leading to numerous publications in international *** widespread adoption,the DALy synthetic indicator has prompted significant methodological concerns since its inception,manifesting in inconsistent and non-reproducible *** the substantial diffusion of the DALy indicator and its critical role in health impact assessments,a reassessment is *** reconsideration is imperative for enhancing the robustness and reliability of public health decisionmaking processes.

关键词： Disability adjusted life years cost-utility analyses Outcome research Public health Burden of disease

Mental health history—a contributing factor for poorer outcomes in burn survivors

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Burns & Trauma 2018年第2期6卷 151-154页

作者： Frank Li danielle coombs concord Repatriation General Hospital SydneyAustralia

Background: A pre-morbid mental health history is common in patients with severe burn injuries. This creates challenges in providing rehabilitation. The aim of this study is to cross examine the possible impact of psychological co-morbidities on outcomes. Methods: A notes audit was carried out examining patients that were admitted to concord Hospital Burns Unit in a 3-year period (2010–2012). Patients with total body surface area (TBSA) of 20% or greater and aged between 16 and 50 years were included. Subjects were divided into a mental health group and a control group. SPSS version 21 statistic program was used for analysis the data. Results: Data col ected included length of stay, time to achieve independence, %TBSA, types of burns and surgery required. Results of 69 files showed that the average length of stay per %TBSA was nearly double in the patients with a mental health problem (1.47 vs 0.88). They also had a higher rate of re-graft (52% vs 22%) due to infection and poor nutrition. The average time for patients to achieve independence in daily living activity was significantly higher (p = 0.046) in the mental health group (36.2 days) versus the control group (24.1 days). conclusion: Patients with a mental health history may have poorer general health. This may result in a higher failure rate of grafting, leading to a requirement of re-graft. Hence, it took a longer time to achieve independence, as well as a longer hospital stay. A mental health history in burn survivors can be a contributing factor for poorer outcomes in the adult population.

关键词： Burns Mental health history Outcomes

Marmots do not consistently use their left eye to respond to an approaching threat but those that did fled sooner

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Current Zoology 2018年第6期64卷 727-731页

作者： Daniel T.BLUMSTEIN alexis DIAZ Lijie yIN Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of California621Young Drive SouthLos AngelesCA 90095-1606USA Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory Crested ButteCO 81224USA School of Life Sciences Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China

In many vertebrates,the brain's right hemisphere which is connected to the left visual field specializes in the processing of information about threats while the left hemisphere which is connected to the right visual field specializes in the processing of information about *** is referred to as hemispheric *** individuals that are too predictable in their response to predators could have reduced survival and we may expect selection for somewhat unpredictable *** studied hemispheric lateralization in yellow-bellied marmots Marmota flaviventer,a social rodent that falls prey to a variety of terrestrial and aerial *** first asked if they have lateralized responses to a predatory *** then asked if the eye that they used to assess risk influenced their perceptions of *** recorded the direction marmots were initially looking and then walked toward them until they *** recorded the distance that they responded to our experimental approach by looking,the eye with which they looked at us,and the distance at which they fled (i.e.,flight initiation distance;FID).We found that marmots had no eye preference with which they looked at an approaching ***,the population was not comprised of individuals that responded in consistent ***,we found that marmots that looked at the approaching person with their left eye had larger FIDs suggesting that risk assessment was influenced by the eye used to monitor the *** findings are consistent with selection to make prey less predictable for their predators,despite underlying lateralization.

关键词： antipredator behavior behavioral lateralization flight initiation distance yellow-bellied marmots

NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF ROUND TO OVAL ROLLING PROCESS

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 2000年第2期13卷 428-433页

作者： y. W. Wang, y. L. King, D. H. yuan, S. G. Liu and Z. y. yu 1 ) University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China 2) Daye Special Steel co., Huangshi 435001, China

Three dimensional thermal-mechanical coupled elasto-plastic FEM has been used for simulation of round to oval single pass rolling. The analysis was conducted using MARC/AUTOFORCE1. 2 code. The material is assumed to be elasto-plastic and it obey the Von Mises yield criterion and Prandtl- Reuss rule. Deformation of the workpiece is simulated in a step-by-step manner,updating the coordinates of material points and the property after each step, so that both nonsteady-state and stendy-state deformation can be simulated. The heat transfter between the workpiece, the rolls, and enviroment and the heat generation due to plastic work and friction force, are considered in the analys- *** the deformation shape of the workpiece, distributions of strains, stresses, strain rates and temperatures, roll-separating force and roll torque are presented.

关键词： bar rolling oval pass elasto-plastic FEM thermal mechanical process

EFFECT OF CHEMICAL coMPOSITION ON RETAINED AUSTENITE IN TRIP STEEL

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 2002年第4期15卷 339-345页

作者： y. Chen and X. ChenWuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, ChinaQ.F. Wang, G.L. yuan and. C. y. LiTechnical Center of Wuhan Iron and Steel co., Wuhan 430080, ChinaX. y. Li and y.X. WangCentral Iron and Steel Research Institute, Beijing 1 Wuhan Univ. of Sci. and Technol. Wuhan 430081 China

The systematic chemical compositions including common C, Si, Mn, Al, and micro-alloying elements of Ti and Nb were designed for high volume fraction of retained austenite as much as possible. The thermo-cycle experiments were conducted by using Gleeble 2000 thermo-dynamic test machine for finding the appropriate composition. The experimental results showed that chemical composition had a significant effect on retained austenite, and the appropriate compositions were determined for commercial production of TRIP steels.

关键词： carbon content silicon content manganese content retained austenite TRIP steel

SIMULATION PROCESS IN LASER WELDING Ⅱ

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 2000年第1期13卷 49-55页

作者： y. P. Kathuria (Laser X co. Ltd. Chick - shi Aichi - ken 472, Japan)

With the established technique of laser in science and industry, its applications hare become diversified in the automotive *** potential lasers co2 and Nd - yAG operating in the i. r. region hare been applied in various demains covering different spectrum of welding,ranging from dissimilar matal to aluminium alloy *** lasers considered as thermal processing tools offers an advantage of the keyhole welding offered by the electron beam where the energy is transferred from the surface by the keyhole formation. with the incorporation of these lasers as a flexible thermal processing tool,it has become essential to use them optimally through feedback with planning and constructional *** upon the modulation and duty cycle variation,a simulation technique is demonstrated which enable us to estimate the processing results and determine the characterisitcs of the fabricated part. From the giv- en provess parameters such as haer power, focus radius,processing speed /interaction time and materi- al characteristics, one can optimize the welding condition etc. through the simulation process. In the present work the laser simulation process in welding were carried out with Al- alloy A 5052 of various thickness by using a multiwave high power Nd - yAC *** simulated weld conditions resulted in better utility of the lasers with increased efficiency and better quality. The use of simuation method helped in the designing and prediction of welding technology, which reduced the rejection rate as well as the cost of production.

关键词： easer beam welding aluminium alloy,weldability,solidification and modulation

A narrative review of limbal stem cell deficiency&severe ocular surface disease

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Annals of Eye Science 2023年第3期8卷 19-32页

作者： Jennifer C.W.Hu danielle Trief Department of Ophthalmology Edward S.Harkness Eye InstituteColumbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkNYUSA

Background and Objective:Limbal stem cell deficiency(LSCD)describes the clinical condition when there is dysfunction of the corneal epithelial stem/progenitor cells and the inability to sustain the normal homeostasis of the corneal *** limbal stem cells are located in a specialized area of the eye called the palisades of Vogt(POV).There have been significant advances in the diagnosis and management of LSCD over the past decade and this review focuses on the pathophysiology of LSCD,its clinical manifestations,diagnosis,and ***:Papers regarding LSCD were searched using PubMed to identify the current state of diagnosis and causes of LSCD published through to June *** content and Findings:LSCD is clinically demonstrated by a whorl-epitheliopathy,loss of the POV,and conjunctivalization of the *** diagnosis of this condition is based on clinical examination and aided by the use of impression cytology,in vivo confocal microscopy,and anterior segment optical coherence tomography(asOCT).There are many causes of LSCD,but those which are most common include chemical injuries,aniridia,contact lens wear,and Stevens-Johnson syndrome(SJS).conclusions:While this condition is most commonly encountered by.corneal specialists,it is important that other ophthalmologists recognize the possibility of LSCD as it may arise in other co-morbid eye conditions.

关键词： Limbal stem cell deficiency(LSCD) chemical injury contact lens aniridia

Silica-coating-assisted nitridation of TiO_(2) nanoparticles and their photothermal property

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Nano Research 2021年第9期14卷 3228-3233页

作者： Qilin Wei danielle L.Kuhn Zachary Zander Brendan G.DeLacy Hai-Lung Dai yugang Sun Department of Chemistry Temple University1901 North 13th StreetPhiladelphiaPennsylvania 19122USA U.S.Army Edgewood Chemical Biological Center Research&Technology DirectorateAberdeen Proving GroundMaryland 21010USA

Nanoparticles of refractory.compounds represent a class of stable materials showing a great promise to support localized surface plasmon resonances(LSPRs)in both visible and near infrared(NIR)spectral *** is still challenging to rationally tune the LSPR band because of the difficulty to control the density of charge carriers in individual refractory nanoparticles and maintain the dispersity of nanoparticles in the processes of synthesis and *** this work,controlled chemical transformation of titanium dioxide(TiO_(2))nanoparticles encapsulated with mesoporous silica(SiO_(2))shells to titanium nitride(TiN)via nitridation reaction at elevated temperatures is developed to tune the density of free electrons in the resulting titanium-oxide-nitride(TiO_(x)N_(y))*** tunability enables a flexibility to support LSPR-based optical absorption in the synthesized TiO_(x)N_(y)@SiO_(2) core-shell nanoparticles across both the visible and NIR *** silica shells play a crucial role in preventing the sintering of TiO_(x)N_(y) nanoparticles in the nitridation reaction and maintaining the stability of TiOxNy nanoparticles in *** LSPR-based broadband absorption of light in the TiO_(x)N_(y)@SiO_(2) nanoparticles exhibits strong photothermal effect with photo-to-thermal conversion efficiency as high as〜76%.

关键词： titanium-oxide-nitride nanoparticles mesoporous silica coating nitridation reaction structural transformation plasmonic absorption photothermal effect