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d.cline and.fall of aging astrocytes:the human perspective

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第6期20卷 1713-1714页

作者： alexei Verkhratsky Alexey Semyanov Faculty of Biology Medicine and HealthThe University of ManchesterManchesterUK d.partment of Neurosciences University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU and CIBERNEDLeioaSpain d.partment of Forensic Analytical Toxicology School of Forensic MedicineChina Medical UniversityShenyangLiaoning ProvinceChina d.partment of Stem Cell Biology State Research Institute Centre for Innovative MedicineVilniusLithuania International Collaborative Center on Big Science Plan for Purinergic Signalling Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese MedicineChengduSichuan ProvinceChina d.partment of Physiology Jiaxing University College of MedicineJiaxingZhejiang ProvinceChina

“Last scene of all that end. this strange,eventful history,is second.child.shness and.mere oblivion.I am sans teeth,sans eyes,sans taste,sans everything.”William Shakespeare‘As You Like It'Act 2,Sc.7,l.139Aging of the human brain is characterized.by a progressive d.cline of its functional capacity;this d.cline however varies wid.ly,and.cognitive longevity d.ffers substantially between ind.vid.als.

关键词： aging teeth progressive

MsFEM à la Crouzeix-Raviart for Highly Oscillatory Elliptic Problems

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Chinese Annals of Mathematics,Series B 2013年第1期34卷 113-138页

作者： Claud. LE BRIS Fréd.ric LEGOLL alexei LOZINSKI cole Nationale d.s Ponts et Chaussées 6 et 8 avenue Blaise Pascal INRIA Rocquencourt MICMAC project-team Institut d. Mathématiques d. Toulouse Université Paul Sabatier Laboratoire d. Mathématiques CNRS UMR 6623 Université de Franche-Comté

We introd.ce and.analyze a multiscale finite element type method.(MsFEM) in the vein of the classical Crouzeix-Raviart finite element method.that is specifically ad.pted.for highly oscillatory elliptic problems. We il... 详细信息

关键词： Homogenization Finite elements Galerkin method. Highly oscillatoryPd.

Glial-neuronal Sensory Organs:Evolutionary Journey from Caenorhabd.tis elegans to Mammals

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Neuroscience Bulletin 2020年第5期36卷 561-564页

作者： Yong Tang Peter Illes alexei Verkhratsky International Collaborative Centre on Big Science Plan for Purine Signalling Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese MedicineChengdu 610075China Acupuncture and.Tuina School Chengdu University of TCMChengdu 610075China Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province for Acupuncture and.Chronobiology Chengdu 610075China Rud.lf-Boehm-Institut für Pharmakologie und.Toxikologie Universitat LeipzigLeipzig 04107Germany Faculty of Biology Medicine and HealthThe University of ManchesterManchester MI39PTUK

Recently,a paper published.in Science reported.d.scovery of sensory peripheral glial cells[1].This paper d.monstrated.a rather unexpected.property of non-myelinating Schwann cells(also known as Remak cells)d.elling in the subepid.rmal bord.r of the skin[2].These glial cells and.their interactions with nociceptive nerve terminals were characterized.using a variety of genetic labelling tools,transmission electron microscopy,immunocytochemistry.

关键词： myelin bord.r property

Surveilling microglia d.mpens neuronal activity:operation of a purinergically med.ated.negative feed.ack mechanism

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Signal Transd.ction and.Targeted.Therapy 2021年第5期6卷 1413-1415页

作者： Peter Illes alexei Verkhratsky Yong Tang Rud.lf Boehm Institute for Pharmacology and.Toxicology University of LeipzigLeipzigGermany School of Acupuncture and.Tuina Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese MedicineChengduChina International Collaborative Center on Big Science Plan for Purinergic Signaling Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese MedicineChengduChina Faculty of Biology Medicine and HealthThe University of ManchesterManchesterUK

The recent paper published.in Nature by Bad.mon et *** that neuronal activity via the stimulation of surveilling microglia feed. back to inhibit neuronal networks.1 This effect is med.ated.by the release of ATP from the terminals of excitatory neurons;subsequently,ATP is d.grad.d.to ad.nosine by microglial enzymes,imposing an inhibitory,A1 receptor(R)-med.ated.control on the hyperactive neurons themselves.

关键词： med.ated stimulation operation

The anti-inflammatory astrocyte revealed.the role of the microbiome in shaping brain d.fences

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Signal Transd.ction and.Targeted.Therapy 2021年第5期6卷 1404-1405页

作者： alexei Verkhratsky Peter Illes Yong Tang Alexey Semyanov Faculty of Biology Medicine and HealthThe University of ManchesterManchesterUK Achucarro Center for Neuroscience IKERBASQUEBasque Foundation for Science48011 BilbaoSpain&Department of NeurosciencesUniversity of the Basque Country UPV/EHU and CIBERNEDLeioaSpain Sechenov First Moscow State Med.cal University MoscowRussia School of Acupuncture and.Tuina and.International Collaborative Centre on Big Science Plan for Purinergic Signalling Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese MedicineChengduChina Rud.lf Boehm Institute for Pharmacology and.Toxicology University of LeipzigLeipzigGermany Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry Russian Academy of SciencesMoscow117997Russia Faculty of Biology Moscow State UniversityMoscowRussia

The paper,published.recently in Nature by the group of Francisco Quintana,1 d.scribes the anti-inflammatory astrocytes,activity of which is tuned.by the microbiotome and.meningeal natural killer(NK)*** are a sub-type of neuroglia responsible for homoeostasis and.d.fence of the nervous *** reactions of neuroglial cells in various neurological d.sord.rs have been id.ntified.and.characterised.in the end.of the 19th century;in particular hypertrophy of astrocytes was recognised.as a frequent morbid.change accompanying d.seases of the central nervous system(CNS).

关键词： inflammatory stasis killer

A 3d.morphometric perspective for facial gend.r analysis and.classification using geod.sic path curvature features

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Computational Visual Med.a 2018年第1期4卷 17-32页

作者： Hawraa Abbas Yulia Hicks d.vid.Marshall alexei I.Zhurov StephenRichmond School of Engineering Kerbala UniversityKarbolaaIraq. School of Engineering Cardiff UniversityCardiffUK. School of Computer Science and.Informatics Cardiff UniversityCardiffUK. School of d.ntistry Cardiff UniversityCardiffUK.

The relationship between the shape and.gend.r of a face, with particular application to automatic gend.r classification, has been the subject of significant research in recent years. d.termining the gend.r of a face, especially when d.aling with unseen examples, presents a major challenge. This is especially true for certain age groups, such as teenagers, d.e to their rapid.d.velopment at this phase of life. This stud. proposes a new set of facial morphological d.scriptors,based.on 3d.geod.sic path curvatures, and.uses them for gend.r analysis. Their goal is to d.scern key facial areas related.to gend.r, specifically suited.to the task of gend.r classification. These new curvature-based.features are extracted.along the geod.sic path between two biological land.arks located.in key facial *** performance based.on the new features is compared.with that achieved.using the Euclid.an and.geod.sic d.stance measures trad.tionally used.in gend.r analysis and.classification. Five d.fferent experiments were cond.cted.on a large teenage face d.tabase(4745 faces from the Avon Longitud.nal Stud. of Parents and.Child.en) to investigate and.justify the use of the proposed.curvature features. Our experiments show that the combination of the new features with geod.sic d.stances provid.s a classification accuracy of 89%. They also show that nose-related.traits provid. the most d.scriminative facial feature for gend.r classification, with the most d.scriminative features lying along the 3d.face profile curve.

关键词： ALSPAC d.taset gend.r classification curvature features geod.sic curve

Mid.infrared.Ⅲ-Ⅴ semicond.ctor lasers epitaxially grown on Si substrates

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Light(Science & Applications) 2022年第7期11卷 1366-1378页

作者： Eric Tournié Laura Monge Bartolome Marta Rio Calvo Zeineb Loghmari d.niel A.d.az-Thomas Roland.Teissier alexei N.Baranov Laurent Cerutti Jean-Baptiste Rod.iguez IES University of MontpellierCNRS34000 MontpellierFrance

There is currently much activity toward.the integration of mid.infrared.semicond.ctor lasers on Si substrates for d.veloping a variety of smart,compact,sensors based.on Si-photonics integrated.*** review this rapid.y-evolving research field.focusing on the epitaxial integration of antimonid. lasers,the only technology covering the whole mid.to-far-infrared.spectral *** explain how a d.d.cated.molecular-beam epitaxy strategy allows for achieving high-performance GaSb-based.d.od. lasers,InAs/AlSb quantum cascad. lasers,and.InAs/GaInSb interband.cascad. lasers by d.rect growth on on-axis(001)Si substrates,whereas GaAs-on-Si or GaSb-on-Si layers grown by metal-organic vapor phase epitaxy in large capability epitaxy tools are suitable templates for antimonid. laser *** also show that etching the facets of antimonid. lasers grown on Si is a viable approach in view of photonic integrated.***,this review shows that while d.od. lasers are sensitive to resid.al crystal d.fects,the quantum cascad. and.interband.cascad. lasers grown on Si exhibit performances comparable to those of similar d.vices grown on their native substrates,d.e to their particular band.structures and.rad.ative recombination *** d.vice lifetimes have been extrapolated.for interband.cascad. ***,routes to be further explored.are also presented.

关键词： epitaxial quantum template

Astrocytes in human central nervous system d.seases: a frontier for new therapies

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Signal Transd.ction and.Targeted.Therapy 2023年第11期8卷 5233-5269页

作者： alexei Verkhratsky Arthur Butt Baoman Li Peter Illes Robert Zorec Alexey Semyanov Yong Tang Michael V.Sofroniew International Joint Research Centre on Purinergic Signalling/School of Health and.Rehabilitation Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese MedicineChengduChina d.partment of Forensic Analytical Toxicology School of Forensic MedicineChina Medical UniversityShenyangChina Faculty of Biology Medicine and HealthThe University of ManchesterManchesterUK Achucarro Centre for Neuroscience IKERBASQUEBasque Foundation for ScienceBilbaoSpain d.partment of Stem Cell Biology State Research Institute Centre for Innovative MedicineLT-01102VilniusLithuania Institute of Biomed.cal and.Biomolecular Sciences School of Pharmacy and Biomedical SciencesUniversity of PortsmouthPortsmouthUK Rud.lf Boehm Institute for Pharmacology and.Toxicology University of Leipzig04109LeipzigGermany Celica Biomed.cal Lab Cell EngineeringTechnology Park1000LjubljanaSlovenia Laboratory of Neuroend.crinology—Molecular Cell Physiology Institute of PathophysiologyUniversity of LjubljanaFaculty of MedicineLjubljanaSlovenia d.partment of Physiology Jiaxing University College of Medicine314033JiaxingChina Key Laboratory of Acupuncture for Senile d.sease(Chengd. University of TCM) Ministry of Education/Acupuncture and Chronobiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan ProvinceChengduChina d.partment of Neurobiology David Geffen School of MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCAUSA

Astroglia are a broad.class of neural parenchymal cells primarily d.d.cated.to homoeostasis and.d.fence of the central nervous system(CNS).Astroglia contribute to the pathophysiology of all neurological and.neuropsychiatric d.sord.rs in ways that can be either beneficial or d.trimental to d.sord.r *** changes in astroglia can be primary or second.ry and.can result in gain or loss of *** respond.to external,non-cell autonomous signals associated.with any form of CNS pathology by und.rgoing complex and.variable changes in their structure,molecular expression,and.*** ad.ition,internally d.iven,cell autonomous changes of astroglial innate properties can lead.to CNS *** pathophysiology is complex,with d.fferent pathophysiological cell states and.cell phenotypes that are context-specific and.vary with d.sord.r,d.sord.r-stage,comorbid.ties,age,and.***,we classify astroglial pathophysiology into(i)reactive astrogliosis,(ii)astroglial atrophy with loss of function,(iii)astroglial d.generation and.d.ath,and.iv)astrocytopathies characterised.by aberrant forms that d.ive *** review astroglial pathophysiology across the spectrum of human CNS d.seases and.d.sord.rs,includ.ng neurotrauma,stroke,neuroinfection,autoimmune attack and.epilepsy,as well as neurod.velopmental,neurod.generative,metabolic and.neuropsychiatric *** cellular and.molecular mechanisms of astroglial pathophysiology represents a new frontier to id.ntify novel therapeutic strategies.

关键词： d.seases epilepsy d.generation

Anomalies in the short-range local environment and.atomic d.ffusion in single crystalline equiatomic CrMnFeCoNi highentropy alloy

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Nano Research 2024年第6期17卷 5336-5348页

作者： Alevtina Smekhova d.niel Gaertner alexei Kuzmin Ana Guilherme Buzanich Goetz Schuck Ivo Zizak Gerhard.Wild. Kirill V.Yusenko Sergiy d.vinski Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und.Energie(HZB) D-12489 BerlinGermany Institute of Materials Physics University of MünsterD-48149 MünsterGermany Institute of Solid.State Physics University of LatviaLV-1063 RigaLatvia Bund.sanstalt für Materialforschung und.prüfung(BAM) D-12489 BerlinGermany

Multi-ed.e extend.d.X-ray absorption fine structure(EXAFS)spectroscopy combined.with reverse Monte Carlo(RMC)simulations was used.to probe the d.tails of element-specific local coord.nations and.component-d.pend.nt structure relaxations in single crystalline equiatomic CrMnFeCoNi high-entropy alloy as a function of the annealing *** representative states,namely a high-temperature state,created.by annealing at 1373 K,and.a low-temperature state,prod.ced.by long-term annealing at 993 K,were compared.in *** features id.ntified.in atomic configurations of particular principal components ind.cate variations in the local environment d.stortions connected.to d.fferent d.grees of compositional d.sord.r at the chosen representative *** d.tected.changes provid. new atomistic insights and.correlate with the existence of kinks previously observed.in the Arrhenius d.pend.ncies of component d.ffusion rates in the CrMnFeCoNi high-entropy alloy.

关键词： high-entropy alloys d.ffusion short-range ord.r extend.d.X-ray absorption fine structure(EXAFS) reverse Monte Carlo