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Probing behavior of aposymbiotic green peach aphid persicae） on susceptible Solanum tuberosum and resistant Solanum stoloniferum plants

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Insect Science 2018年第1期25卷 127-136页

作者： Cristina renata machado-Assefh Adriana Elisabet Alvarez Catedra de Quimica Biologica Facultad de Ciencias Naturales Universidad Nacional de Salta Avda Bolivia 5150 A4408FVY Salta Argentina Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas (CONICET) CCT Salta Avda Bolivia 5150 A4408FVY Salta Argentina

The green peach aphid, Myzuspersicae Sulzer （Hemiptera： Aphididae） is one of the potato important pests; it is the most efficient vector of potato viruses. Myzuspersicae harbors the endosymbiotic bacteria Buchnera aphidicola which supplements their diet. There is increasing evidence that B. aphidicola is involved in plant-aphid interactions and we previously demonstrated that B. aphidieola disruption （aposymbiosis） affected the probing behavior ofM. persicae on radish plants, delaying host plant acceptance. In this work, we evaluated the effect of aposymbiosis on the probing behavior of M. persicae on 2 Solanum species with different compatibility with M. persieae, Solanum tuberosum （susceptible） and Solanum stoloniferum （resistant） with the electrical penetration graph technique （EPG）. To disrupt B. aphidicola, rifampicin was administered to aphids through artificial diets. Aposymbiotic aphids, on both plant species, showed increased pathway activities, mechanical problems with the stylets, and delayed salivation in the phloem. The extended time in derailed stylet mechanics affected the occurrence of most other probing activities; it delayed the time to the first phloem phase and prevented ingestion from the phloem. The effect of aposymbiosis was more evident in the compatible interaction of M. persicae-S, tuberosum, than in the incompatible interaction with S. stoloniferum, which generated the M. persicae--S, tuberosum interaction to become incompatible. These results confirm that B. aphidicola is involved in the plant-aphid interaction in relation to plant acceptance, presumably through a role in stylets penetration in the plant.

关键词： aphid artificial diets Buchnera aphidicola EPG technique potato

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Dabrafenib,an inhibitor of rIP3 kinase-dependent necroptosis,reduces ischemic brain injury

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Neural regeneration research 2018年第2期13卷 252-256页

作者： Shelly A.Cruz Zhaohong Qin alexandre E r.Stewart Hsiao-Huei Chen Ottawa Hospital research Institute OttawaCanada University of Ottawa Brain and Mind InstituteOttawaCanada University of Ottawa Heart Institute OttawaCanada Canadian Partnership for Storke recovery OttawaCanada

Ischemic brain injury triggers neuronal cell death by apoptosis via caspase activation and by necroptosis through activation of the receptor-interacting protein kinases （rIPK） associated with the tumor necrosis factor-alpha （TNF-a）/death receptor. recent evidence shows rIPK inhibitors are neuroprotective and al- leviate ischemic brain injury in a number of animal models, however, most have not yet undergone clinical trials and safety in humans remains in question. Dabrafenib, originally identified as a B-raf inhibitor that is currently used to treat melanoma, was later revealed to be a potent rIPK3 inhibitor at micromolar con- centrations. Here, we investigated whether Dabrafenib would show a similar neuroprotective effect in mice subjected to ischemic brain injury by photothrombosis. Dabrafenib administered intraperitoneally at 10 mg/ kg one hour after photothrombosis-induced focal ischemic injury significantly reduced infarct lesion size in C57BL6 mice the following day, accompanied by a markedly attenuated upregulation of TNF-u. However, subsequent lower doses （5 mg/kg/day） failed to sustain this neuroprotective effect after 4 days. Dabrafenib bl ocked lipopolysaccharides-induced activation of TNF-ct in bone marrow-derived macrophages, suggesting that Dabrafenib may attenuate TNF-ct-induced necroptotic pathway after ischemic brain injury. Since Dab- rafenib is already in clinical use for the treatment of melanoma, it might be repurposed for stroke therapy.

关键词： ischemic brain injury inflammation macrophage Dabrafenib tumor necrosis factor-alpha photothrombosis receptor-interacting protein kinases necroptosis microgIia stroke neural regeneration

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Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in lean subjects:is it all metabolic-associated fatty liver disease?

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Hepatoma research 2020年第12期6卷 24-41页

作者： Mariana Verdelho machado Faculdade de Medicina Universidade de LisboaLisbon 1649-035Portugal Gastroenterology Department Hospital de Vila Franca de XiraLisbon 1649-035Portugal

The epidemiology of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease goes hand-in-hand with the obesity *** pathogenesis of fatty liver has shifted from an hepatocentric view to an adipocentric view,in which the overloaded adipose tissue spills out lipids that spread to ectopic tissues and organs such as the liver,elicits inflammation,and changes its adipokines profile promoting insulin resistance and the metabolic *** to 40%of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)patients are not obese and up to 20%are actually *** roughly 10%of lean subjects have *** fact,adiposopathy can occur in patients with normal weight,and it is associated with expansion of metabolically active visceral fat and a qualitatively different adipose tissue that becomes overwhelmed after challenged by a mildly positive energy *** defines the concept of personal fat threshold that when exceeded results in metabolic ***/obese persons have higher probability of exceeding that threshold,explaining why adiposopathy/metabolic syndrome/NAFLD is more frequent in the *** this article,the epidemiology,pathogenesis,and management of patients with lean NAFLD are reviewed with an emphasis on reconciling the concepts of NAFLD in its relationship with adiposity and of NAFLD in lean individuals.

关键词： Lean nonalcoholic fatty liver disease metabolically obese normal weight visceral adipose tissue

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What should be the best approach post-liver resection in non-viral non-cirrhotic hepatocellular carcinoma?

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Hepatobiliary Surgery and Nutrition 2024年第3期13卷 554-556页

作者： Mariana Verdelho machado Serviço de Gastrenterologia Hospital de Vila Franca de XiraLisboaPortugal Faculdade de Medicina Universidade de LisboaLisboaPortugal

Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is the sixtieth most prevalent cancer and the third cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide(1).HCC occurs in the context of liver disease,with around 85%of liver cancers developing in the set of liver cirrhosis(2).However,the proportion of non-cirrhotic HCC is not transversal across the etiologies of liver disease,with HCC occurring in patients with metabolic-associated steatotic liver disease(MASLD)being five times more likely to occur in non-cirrhotic ***,2 out of 5 MASLD-associated HCC patients are *** the changing landscape of etiologies of advanced liver disease we are assisting in the last decade,with a decline in hepatitis B or C virus liver disease and an increase in MASLD,we can foresee an increase in the burden of non-cirrhotic HCC(3).However,our accumulated knowledge on the prognosis and treatment strategies for HCC relies mostly from cirrhotic patients,which does not allow truly evidence-based decisions in the set of non-cirrhotic HCC.

关键词： cirrhotic mortality likely

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Do algae blooms dilute the risk of trematode infections in threespine sticklebacks？

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Current Zoology 2015年第6期61卷 991-995页

作者： alexandre BUDrIA Ulrika CANDOLIN Department of Biosciences University of Helsinki EO. Box 65 FI-00014 Helsinki Finland

Human-induced growth of macro-algae is often assumed to increase trematode infections in fishes by increasing the abtmdanee and condition of the parasite＇s intermediate host - snails - as this can boost the release of trematode larvae, cercariae, from the intermediate hosts. However, macro-algae can also impose barriers to the transmission of cercariae and reduce infections. We investigated whether an increased growth of filamentous algae affects the transmission of Diplostomum pseudospathaceum cercariae to the threespine stickleback Gasterosteus aculeatus, a common fish in eutrophied shallow waters. We exposed stickle- backs to trematode cercariae in the absence and presence of artificial filamentous algae, and recorded effects on the proportion of sticklebacks infected and the number of encysted metacercariae per fish. No significant effect of artificial algae on cercariae transmission was detected. However, the body size and the sex of the sticklebacks were strongly correlated with the number of encysted metacercariae per infected fish, with females and larger individuals being more infected. We discuss different factors that could have caused the difference in parasite transmission, including sex-related differences in body size and behaviour of sticklebacks .

关键词： Anthropogenic disturbance Cercariae Dilution effect Diplostomum pseudospathaceum Eutrophication Filament-ous algae Parasites Physical interference

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Evaluation of Analgesic Properties of Piper Nigrum Essential Oil: a randomized, Double-blind,Placebo-controlled Study

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World Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine 2016年第2期2卷 60-64页

作者： r.Costa J.machado C.Abreu Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar University of Porto LABIOMEP-Porto Biomechanics Laboratory University of Porto FP-ENAS research Unit UFP Energy Environment and Health Research Unit CEBIMED Biomedical Research Center Fernando Pessoa University

Objective: Essential oils are complex mixtures of chemical compounds, extracted from a wide range of plants. The volatile fraction of essential oils is responsible for their characteristic aroma and presents diverse biological properties that have been studied over the years. In Traditional Chinese Medicine, Piper nigrum is considered to be pungent and hot. Although its chemical constituents and respective pharmacological properties have been described by several authors, the volatile fraction is still underestimated as a therapeutic agent. The aim of this study was to evaluate the analgesic properties of the volatile fraction of Piper nigrum essential oil, in patients presenting different types of ***: Fifty-four patients presenting pain, were included in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study, over a 9-week *** patients were randomly divided into two groups, and asked to inhale a vial containing Piper nigrum essential oil, or a vial containing a placebo(sesame oil), for 15 minutes. A numerical pain scale was applied before and after the ***: results showed a statistically significant decrease in pain intensity in the patients that inhaled the black pepper essential oil, while the placebo group patients showed no significant change in pain ***: Although the results are preliminary due to the limited sample size and short inhalation time, the volatile fraction of the Piper nigrum essential showed promising results in reducing pain. In the Chinese medicine perspective, these results support the use of black pepper in different types of pain, since it warms the center and disperses cold.

关键词： Piper nigrum essential oil placebo pain

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recommendations for procedures related to the evidence chain of custody in forensic anthropology in Brazil

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Forensic Sciences research 2022年第4期7卷 609-622页

作者： Nicole Prata Damascena Melina Calmon Silva alexandre raphael Deitos rosane Pérez Baldasso renata Cristina Grangeiro Ferreira Cristian Kotinda Júnior Carlos Eduardo Palhares machado Departamento de Polícia Técnica da Bahia BahiaBrazil Grupo de Pesquisa em Antropologia Forense e Identificação de Pessoas BrasiliaBrazil Instituto Nacional de Criminalística da Polícia Federal BrasiliaBrazil Departamento Médico-Legal do Instituto-Geral de Perícias do rio Grande do Sul(IGP/rS) Porto AlegreBrazil Instituto de Criminalística da Polícia Civil do Distrito Federal BrasiliaBrazil.

Forensic anthropologists perform specialised analysis,mainly involving skeletonised human remains,cadavers in advanced stages of decomposition,disassociated elements from the human body,and human remains in extreme *** main objectives of the forensic anthropology expertise are human identification and assisting in determining the cause and manner of *** the time since death is also a priority for some cases,especially ones involving missing *** science works on individual cases,violent deaths,missing persons,mass disasters,suspected violations of human rights,and crimes against *** anthropological evidence is,in general,very ***,it is important to detail aspects relevant to the maintenance of the chain of custody at all phases of the investigation,as well as standardise the actions of the individuals *** aims to preserve the evidence integrity and sameness(Sameness:free translation of the Portuguese word“mesmidade”,derived from a Spanish word that does not possess a translation to *** of evidence is understood as the guarantee that the evidence under valuation(or under analysis of its probative value)is exactly and integrally the same one which was collected,corresponding,therefore,to“the same”(and not“part of”,“derived from”),safeguarding its *** Law No.13.964 of 14 December 2019 establishes and lists 10 phases related to the evidence chain of custody that must be *** newly introduced requirements resulted in the need for adaptation of the forensic,investigative,and legal actors involved in an investigation,and in the detailed description of the procedures for the different areas related to criminalistics,including forensic *** information provided in this article should be interpreted as recommendations,even though their non-compliance may weaken the investigative and forensic analysis processes in whole or in part.

关键词： Forensic sciences forensic anthropology chain of custody evidence law Brazil

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Helminths as an alternative therapy for intestinal diseases

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2017年第33期23卷 6009-6015页

作者： Aytan Miranda Sipahi Daniel machado Baptista LIM 07-Laboratory of Experimental Clinical Gastroenterology Department of Gastroenterology and HepatologyClínicas Hospital of University of Sao Paulo-HCFMUSP andSchool of Medicine at the University of Sao Paulo

Animal models and clinical studies have shown that helminth infections exert immunomodulatory activity,altering intestinal permeability and providing a potential beneficial action on autoimmune and inflammatory disorders in human beings,such as inflammatory bowel disease(IBD) and celiac disease. This is consistent with the theory that intestinal microbiota is responsible for shaping human immunological responses. With the arrival of the immunobiologic era and the use of antibodies,we propose a distinctive pathway for treating patients with IBD and celiac disease. We have some evidence about the safety and tolerability of helminth use,but evidence about their impact on disease activity is lacking. Using worms to treat diseases could be a possible way to lower treatment costs,since the era of immunobiologic agents is responsible for a significant rise in expenses. Some questions remain to be investigated regarding the use of helminths in intestinal disease,such as the importance of the specific species of helminths used,appropriate dosing regimens,optimal timing of treatment,the role of host genetics,diet,environment,and the elucidation of the exact mechanisms of action. One promising approach is the use of helminth-derived anti-inflammatory molecules as drugs. Yet there are still many challenges with this method,especially with regard to safety. Studies on intestinal permeability point to Strongyloides stercoralis as a useful nematode for these purposes.

关键词： Helminths Strongyloidiasis Immunology Inflammation Inflammatory bowel diseases Intestinal diseases Intestinal permeability Celiac disease

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Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: What the clinician needs to know

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第36期20卷 12956-12980页

作者： Mariana Verdelho machado Helena Cortez-Pinto Departamento de Gastrenterologia Laboratório de Nutri??o Hospital Universitário de Santa Maria Lisbon 1649-035 Portugal

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) is the most frequent cause of liver disease in the Western world. Furthermore, it is increasing worldwide, paralleling the obesity pandemic. Though highly frequent, only about one fifth of affected subjects are at risk of developing the progressive form of the disease, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis with fibrosis. Even in the latter, liver disease is slowly progressive, though, since it is so prevalent, it is already the third cause of liver transplantation in the United States, and it is predicted to get to the top of the ranking in few years. Of relevance, fatty liver is also associated with increased overall mortality and particularly increased cardiovascular mortality. The literature and amount of published papers on NAFLD is increasing as fast as its prevalence, which makes it difficult to keep updated in this topic. This review aims to summarize the latest knowledge on NAFLD, in order to help clinicians understanding its pathogenesis and advances on diagnosis and treatment.

关键词： Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease Metabolic syndrome Insulin resistance Epidemiology Pathogenesis Genetics Diagnosis Prognosis Management

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Determination of runoff coefficient(C)in catchments based on analysis of precipitation and flow events

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International Soil and Water Conservation research 2022年第2期10卷 208-216页

作者： ronalton Evandro machado Tais Oliveira Cardoso Matheus Henrique Mortene Unicamp(University of Campinas)-College of Technology LimeiraSPBrazil

runoff coefficient(C)values are tabulated and enshrined in hydrological *** values are considered to be constant although they may not correspond to *** the same catchment,they may vary according to intensity,temporal and spatial distribution of precipitation events,humidity condi-tions,soil and land *** study aimed to analyze extreme events of precipitation and their corre-sponding flows to obtain experimental runoff coefficients(C)and compare them with the tabulated *** study was conducted in five experimental catchments in the state of S~ao Paulo,Brazil,with different land *** runoff coefficients(C)were obtained from the analysis of hydrograms and using a digital filter,which made it possible to separate the direct runoff from the total *** observed a different variation in runoff coefficient values between catchments compared to those obtained from the *** runoff coefficients had a high correlation with land *** catchments with original vege-tation cover,such as Cerrado and forest,they varied little among the events analyzed,unlike the catchments where land use is diversified,with predominantly agricultural and urban occupation.

关键词： Digital filter Hydrograms Hydrology Land use Watershed

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