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Study of the roles of caspase-3 and nuclear factor kappa B in myenteric neurons in a P2X7 receptor knockout mouse model of ulcerative colitis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2023年第22期29卷 3440-3468页

作者： Henrique Inhauser riceti Magalhães Felipe alexandre machado roberta Figueiroa Souza Marcos Antônio Ferreira Caetano Vanessa ribeiro Figliuolo robson Coutinho-Silva Patricia Castelucci Department of Surgery School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal SciencesUniversity of São PauloSão Paulo 05508-270Brazil Department of Anatomy University of São PauloSão Paulo 05508-000Brazil Biophysics Institute Carlos Chagas Filho Federal University of Rio de JaneiroRio de Janeiro 21941-902Brazil

BACKGrOUND The literature indicates that the enteric nervous system is affected in inflammatory bowel diseases(IBDs)and that the P2X7 receptor triggers neuronal ***,the mechanism by which enteric neurons are lost in IBDs is *** To study the role of the caspase-3 and nuclear factor kappa B(NF-κB)pathways in myenteric neurons in a P2X7 receptor knockout(KO)mouse model of *** Forty male wild-type(WT)C57BL/6 and P2X7 receptor KO mice were euthanized 24 h or 4 d after colitis induction by 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid(colitis group).Mice in the sham groups were injected with *** mice were divided into eight groups(n=5):The WT sham 24 h and 4 d groups,the WT colitis 24 h and 4 d groups,the KO sham 24 h and 4 d groups,and the KO colitis 24 h and 4 d *** disease activity index(DAI)was analyzed,the distal colon was collected for immunohistochemistry analyses,and immunofluorescence was performed to identify neurons immunoreactive(ir)for calretinin,P2X7 receptor,cleaved caspase-3,total caspase-3,phospho-NF-κB,and total NF-κ*** analyzed the number of calretinin-ir and P2X7 receptor-ir neurons per ganglion,the neuronal profile area(μm^(2)),and corrected total cell fluorescence(CTCF).rESULTS Cells double labeled for calretinin and P2X7 receptor,cleaved caspase-3,total caspase-3,phospho-NF-κB,or total NF-κB were observed in the WT colitis 24 h and 4 d *** number of calretinin-ir neurons per ganglion was decreased in the WT colitis 24 h and 4 d groups compared to the WT sham 24 h and 4 d groups,respectively(2.10±0.13 vs 3.33±0.17,Prent between the KO *** calretinin-ir neuronal profile area was increased in the WT colitis 24 h group compared to the WT sham 24 h group(312.60±7.85 vs 278.41±6.65,Pr profile area was decreased in the WT colitis 4 d group compared to the WT sham 4 d group(104.63±2.49 vs 117.41±1.14,Pr of

关键词： Cell death Enteric nervous system Gastroenterology Inflammatory bowel diseases P2X7 receptor Purinergic signaling

A Pseudo-Kinetic Approach for Helmholtz Equation

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Chinese Annals of Mathematics,Series B 2013年第3期34卷 319-332页

作者： radjesvarane alexandre Jie LIAO Department of Mathematics Shanghai Jiao Tong University IrENAV research Institute French Naval AcademyBrest-Lanvoc 29290 France School of Science East China University of Science and Technology

A lattice Boltzmann type pseudo-kinetic model for a non-homogeneous Helmholtz equation is derived in this paper. NumericM results for some model problems show the robustness and efficiency of this lattice Boltzmann type pseudo-kinetic scheme. The computation at each site is determined only by local parameters, and can be easily adapted to solve multiple scattering problems with many scatterers or wave propagation in nonhomogeneous medium without increasing the computational cost.

关键词： Lattice Boltzmann scheme Non-homogeneous Helmholtz equation Discrete velocity

Astrocytes in the cerebral cortex play a role in the spontaneous motor recovery following experimental striatal hemorrhage

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Neural regeneration research 2018年第1期13卷 67-68页

作者： Juliana Dalibor Neves régis Gemerasca Mestriner Carlos alexandre Netto Graduate Program of Physiology Institute of Basic Health Sciences Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Department of Biochemistry Institute of Basic Health Science Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Neurorehabilitation and Neural repair research Group Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul

Intracerebral hemorrhage （ICH） is a stroke subtype caused by spontaneous rupture of small vessels and bleeding into the brain paren- chyma, resulting in cell death and sensorimotor deficits. Despite the greater prevalence of the ischemic form of stroke （87%）, ICH has the highest mortality rate of all stroke subtypes. The striatum is the most affected structure in hemorrhagic stroke （35-70%）, followed by cere- bral cortex （15-30%）, brain stem and cerebellum （5-10%）; patients suffering striatal and/or cortical ICH bear persistent sensorimotor disabilities. Although chronic sensorimotor impairment is established, a considerable amount of patients experience some degree of spontaneous recovery during the first six months after stroke （Qureshi et al., 2009）, and the neurobiological basis of this process is not understood.

关键词： Astrocytes in the cerebral cortex play a role in the spontaneous motor recovery following experimental striatal hemorrhage ICH

Effects of Andrade and Burgers rheologies on glacial isostatic adjustment modeling in Antarctica

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Geodesy and Geodynamics 2024年第5期15卷 429-440页

作者： alexandre Boughanemi Anthony Mémin UniversitéCôte d'Azur CNRSObservatoire de la Côte d'AzurIRDGéoazur250 rue Albert EinsteinSophia Antipolis 06560 ValbonneFrance

Variations in ice mass deform the Earth and modify its gravity field,a process known as Glacial Isostatic Adjustment(GIA).GIA in Antarctica remains poorly constrained due to the cumulative effect of past and present ice-mass changes,the unknown history of the past ice-mass change,and the uncertainties on the mechanical properties of the *** paper investigates the effect of using Andrade and Burgers viscoelastic rheologies,rather than the commonly used Maxwell rheology,to model GIA-induced deformation in *** Love number and Green's function formalism are used to compute the radial surface displacements and the gravity changes induced by the past and present ice-mass *** consider an Earth model whose elastic properties and radial structure are averaged from the Preliminary reference Earth Model and two viscosity profiles to account for the recently published results on the present ice-mass *** the three rheological laws affects the temporal response of the Earth differently,leading to smaller discrepancies than those induced by the two viscosity *** differences are the largest between Maxwell and Burgers rheologies during the 100-1000 years following the beginning of the surface-mass *** show that using the Andrade and Burgers rheologies allows the Earth to respond on decennial to centennial time scales,up to 10 m more than *** only the recent ice-mass changes,the deformation rates derived from Burgers and Andrade rheologies are several times larger than those estimated by Maxwell rheology.

关键词： GIA Antarctica Modeling rheology Displacement Viscosity GNSS

Assimilation of GOES-r Geostationary Lightning Mapper Flash Extent Density Data in GSI 3DVar, EnKF, and Hybrid En3DVar for the Analysis and Short-Term Forecast of a Supercell Storm Case

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2024年第2期41卷 263-277页

作者： rong KONG Ming XUE Edward r.MANSELL Chengsi LIU alexandre O.FIErrO Center for Analysis and Prediction of Storms Norman Oklahoma 73072U.S.A University of Oklahoma Norman Oklahoma 73072U.S.A NOAA/National Severe Storms Laboratory NormanOklahoma 73072U.S A.4Zentralanstalt für Meteorologie und Geodynamik Department of Forecasting Models-ZAMGVienna 1190Austria

Capabilities to assimilate Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite “r-series ”(GOES-r) Geostationary Lightning Mapper(GLM) flash extent density(FED) data within the operational Gridpoint Statistical Interpolation ensemble Kalman filter(GSI-EnKF) framework were previously developed and tested with a mesoscale convective system(MCS) case. In this study, such capabilities are further developed to assimilate GOES GLM FED data within the GSI ensemble-variational(EnVar) hybrid data assimilation(DA) framework. The results of assimilating the GLM FED data using 3DVar, and pure En3DVar(PEn3DVar, using 100% ensemble covariance and no static covariance) are compared with those of EnKF/DfEnKF for a supercell storm case. The focus of this study is to validate the correctness and evaluate the performance of the new implementation rather than comparing the performance of FED DA among different DA schemes. Only the results of 3DVar and pEn3DVar are examined and compared with EnKF/DfEnKF. Assimilation of a single FED observation shows that the magnitude and horizontal extent of the analysis increments from PEn3DVar are generally larger than from EnKF, which is mainly caused by using different localization strategies in EnFK/DfEnKF and PEn3DVar as well as the integration limits of the graupel mass in the observation operator. Overall, the forecast performance of PEn3DVar is comparable to EnKF/DfEnKF, suggesting correct implementation.

关键词： GOES-r lightning data assimilation EnKF EnVar

Online hybrid test using a finite element program and an explicit integration scheme

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2015年第1期58卷 163-173页

作者： alexandre LAM PAN Peng DENG KaiLai Department of Civil Engineering Tsinghua University Key Laboratory of Civil Engineering Safety and Durability of China Education Ministry Department of Civil Engineering Tsinghua University

A new online hybrid test system combined with substructuring techniques and incorporating finite element methods is *** the proposed system,numerical substructure analysis is conducted by ABAQUS/*** ABAQUS user subroutine is used as the interface between the main control program and ABAQUS to impose the target displacements and determine the reaction *** iteration is needed in this system,making it suitable for physical *** the approach also avoids the need to modify source code,it will be appealing to a number of real engineering *** proposed system adopts a separated-model framework,operator-splitting integration scheme,and data exchange through a socket *** earthquake responses of a simple steel moment-resisting frame are simulated,and the results obtained from the new system are compared to those obtained from the conventional *** is found that the results obtained from the new system are accurate,demonstrating the applicability and efficiency of the proposed *** optimal test parameters are also studied to gain the most accurate results in the minimum time.

关键词： online hybrid test substructuring ABAQUS/Explicit separated-model framework operator-splitting method

revisiting taxonomy,morphological evolution,and fossil calibration strategies in Chloranthaceae

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Journal of Systematics and Evolution 2011年第4期49卷 315-329页

作者： alexandre ANTONELLI Taylor S.FEILD Gothenburg Botanical Garden and Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences University of Gothenburg Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Tennessee

Chloranthaceae is one of the earliest diverging angiosperm families and is comprised of approximately 75 species in four genera (Chloranthus,Sarcandra,Ascarina,and Hedyosmum).This family has received considerable attention because of its seemingly primitive morphology,disjunct tropical distribution in Asia and America,and extensive fossil record from the Early *** the present study,we reconstructed the phylogeny of Chloran- thaceae based on a combined dataset of three plastid DNA regions and 56 *** then estimated divergence times in the family using two relaxed molecular clock methods (BEAST and penalized likelihood).We focused on testing the influence of fossil taxa in calibrating the molecular phylogeny,and on assessing the current taxonomy of the family in light of the phylogenetic *** results indicate that most intrageneric divisions within Asca-rina and Hedyosmum are not *** results from the dating analysis suggest that the Hedyosmum-like fossil Asteropollis represents a stem lineage of Hedyosmum,as has been suggested previously from morphological *** contrast,our results indicate that the Chloranthus-like fossil Chloranthistemon,previously suggested on morphological grounds to be a stem relative of Chloranthus,may,instead,belong to the branch leading to the clade Chloranthus + *** median crown ages of Chloranthus,Sarcandra,Ascarina,and Hedyosmum estimated in the BEAST analysis were 26.3,9.5,31.0 and 45.8 million years ago (Ma),respectively,whereas the divergence between Chloranthus and Sarcandra,the splitting of Ascarina with the former two genera,and Hedyos- mum separating from the three genera were estimated to 63.8,95.7 and 111.1 *** present study sheds further light on the temporal evolution of Chloranthaceae and exemplifies how molecular dating analyses may be used to explore alternative phylogenetic placements of fossil taxa.

关键词： angiosperm evolution Asteropollis Chloranthaceae Chloranthistemon molecular dating phylogeny.

Finite element model with imposed slip surfaces for earth mass safety evaluation

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Journal of Central South University 2014年第9期21卷 3627-3638页

作者： Nuno ArAUJO Gaspar J.machado Julio B.MArTINS Hugo M.r.D.SILVA C-TAC Territory Environment and Construction Research Centre School of EngineeringUniversity of Minho Guimaraes 4800-058 Portugal Centre of Mathematics School of Sciences University of Minho Guimaraes 4800-058 Portugal

The study of earth masses requires numerical methods that provide the quantification of the safety factor without requiring detrimental assumptions. For that, equilibrium analysis can perform fast computations but require assumptions that limit its potentiality. Limit analysis does not require detrimental assumptions but are numerically demanding. This work provides a new approach that combines the advantage of both the equilibrium method and the limit analysis. The defined hybrid model allows probabilistic analysis and optimization approaches without the assumption of interslice forces. It is compared with a published case and used to perform probabilistic studies in both a homogeneous and a layered foundation. Analyses show that the shape of the density probability functions is highly relevant when computing the probability of failure, and soil elasticity hardly affects the safety of factor of the earth mass.

关键词： slope stability probabilistic methods reliability genetic algorithms safety factor

Neuronal protein-tyrosine phosphatase 1B hinders sensory-motor functional recovery and causes affective disorders in two different focal ischemic stroke models

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Neural regeneration research 2021年第1期16卷 129-136页

作者： Shelly A.Cruz Zhaohong Qin Konrad M.ricke alexandre F.r.Stewart Hsiao-Huei Chen Ottawa Hospital research Institute Neuroscience ProgramUniversity of OttawaOttawaONCanada Brain and Mind Institute University of OttawaOttawaONCanada Department of Biochemistry Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of OttawaOttawaONCanada Cellular and Molecular Medicine University of OttawaOttawaONCanada Department of Medicine University of OttawaOttawaONCanada Centre for Infection Immunity and InflammationUniversity of OttawaOttawaONCanada University of Ottawa Heart Institute OttawaONCanada

Ischemic brain injury causes neuronal death and *** activates protein-tyrosine phosphatase 1B(PTP1B).Here,we tested the significance of PTP1B activation in glutamatergic projection neurons on functional recovery in two models of stroke:by photothrombosis,focal ischemic lesions were induced in the sensorimotor cortex(SM stroke)or in the peri-prefrontal cortex(peri-PFC stroke).Elevated PTP1B expression was detected at 4 days and up to 6 weeks after *** ablation of PTP1B in neurons of neuronal knockout(NKO)mice had no effect on the volume or resorption of ischemic lesions,markedly different effects on functional recovery were *** stroke caused severe sensory and motor deficits(adhesive removal test)in wild type and NKO mice at 4 days,but NKO mice showed drastically improved sensory and motor functional recovery at 8 *** addition,peri-PFC stroke caused anxiety-like behaviors(elevated plus maze and open field tests),and depression-like behaviors(forced swimming and tail suspension tests)in wild type mice 9 and 28 days after stroke,respectively,with minimal effect on sensory and motor ***-PFC stroke-induced affective disorders were associated with fewer active(FosB+)neurons in the PFC and nucleus accumbens but more FosB+neurons in the basolateral amygdala,compared to sham-operated *** contrast,mice with neuronal ablation of PTP1B were protected from anxiety-like and depression-like behaviors and showed no change in FosB+neurons after peri-PFC *** together,our study identifies neuronal PTP1B as a key component that hinders sensory and motor functional recovery and also contributes to the development of anxiety-like and depression-like behaviors after ***,PTP1B may represent a novel therapeutic target to improve stroke *** procedures for animal use were approved by the Animal Care and Use Committee of the University of Ottawa Animal Care and Veterinary Service(protocol 1806)on July 27,2018.

关键词： adhesive removal test anxiety depression elevated plus maze forced swimming test Iba1 interleukin-1β microglia open field test tail suspension test tumor necrosis factor-α