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Phytochemical Composition and Insecticidal Property of Native Plants against the Cowpea Weevil Callosobruchus maculatus Fab. (Coleoptera: Bruchidae) for Natural Preservation of Cowpea Seeds

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Advances in Entomology 2024年第1期12卷 56-66页

作者： Elias Mano Rabièta Simde Koï Wenceslas Kam Nadjatou Ouédraogo Désiré Dramane Abdoul Khader Sanou Rasmané Abdou Ouédraogo Boubakar Ouattara pierre alexandre Eric Djifaby Sombié Souleymane Nacro Laboratory of Natural Substances and Technologies of Natural Products and the Environment (LABTECH-PRONE) Institute of Research in Applied Sciences and Technologies (IRSAT) Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Central Horticulture Laboratory of the Regional Center of Excellence in Fruits and Vegetables of Bobo-Dioulasso Institute of Environment and Agricultural Research (INERA) Bobo Dioulasso Burkina Faso Department of Animal Biology and Physiology University Joseph Ki-Zerbo Ouagadougou Burkina Faso National Agricultural Training School of Matourkou (ENAFA) Bobo Dioulasso Burkina Faso Institute of Rural Development (IDR) Nazi Boni University Bobo Dioulasso Burkina Faso

About 80% of cowpea seeds are lost along with 30% of their weight after six months of unprotected storage due to attacks by Callosobruchus maculatus. This study aimed at evaluating the effect of applying bioinsecticides on the biological parameters of C. maculatus to reduce its damage to cowpea stocks. Four treatments including an untreated control and three doses of powdery extracts of C. nigricans, Z. zanthoxyloides and H. suaveolens, were compared in a Fischer block with four completely randomized repetitions. One hundred undamaged cowpea seeds were mixed with doses of each extract in Petri dishes and then fed as food substrates to ten pairs of C. maculatus for eight days. The extracts of H. suaveolens, C. nigricans and Z. zanthoxyloides all contain active ingredients including polyphenols, flavonoids, anthocyanins and alkaloids, etc. The extract of Z. zanthoxyloides was found to be more active on adults (100.00% mortality) followed by C. nigricans (98.75% mortality) and H. suaveolens (97.50% mortality) at 80 mg/g. Fecundity per female decreased significantly in the treated batches of 13.82 eggs for H. suaveolens at 10.12 eggs for C. nigricans at a dose of 80 mg/g. Germination rate of seeds was statistically raised to 100% at 60 and 80 mg/g by C. nigricans powder and lowered to 83.00% at 20 mg/g by Z. zanthoxyloides extracts. The application of Z. zanthoxyloides extract would be a less expensive alternative for the sustainable management of C. maculatus in cowpea stocks.

关键词： Cassia nigricans Hyptis suaveolens Zanthoxylum zanthoxyloides Biological Activities Vigna unguiculata Pest Burkina Faso

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Towards a modular and scalable holographic display

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Light(Science & Applications) 2022年第5期11卷 739-740页

作者： pierre-alexandre Blanche Wyant College of Optical Sciences University of ArizonaTucsonAZUSA

Holographic three-dimensional(3D)display can be made very large using a modular system that allows seamless spatial tiling of multiple coarse integral holographic images.

关键词： holographic system integral

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The geography of introgression in a patchy environment and the thorn in the side of ecological speciation

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Current Zoology 2013年第1期59卷 72-86页

作者： Nicolas BIERNE pierre-alexandre GAGNAIRE Patrice DAVID Universit6 Montpellier 2 Place Eugene Bataillon 34095 Montpellier Cedex 5 France ISEM - CNRS UMR 5554 SMEL 2 rue des Chantiers 34200 S6te France CEFE - CNRS UMR 5175 34293 MontpeUier Cedex 5 France

When incompletely isolated taxa coexist in a patchy environment （e.g. mosaic hybrid zones, host-race complexes）, patterns of variation may differ between selected traits/genes and neutral markers. While the genetic structure of selected traits/loci tends to coincide with habitat variables （producing Genetic-Environment Association or GEA）, genetic differentiation at neutral loci unlinked to any selected locus rather depends on geographic connectivity at a large scale （e.g. Isolation- By-Distance or IBD）, although these loci often display GEA at a small scale. This discrepancy has been repeatedly taken as evi- dence for parallel primary divergence driven by local adaptation. We argue that this interpretation needs to be addressed more thoroughly by considering the alternative hypothesis that speciation was initiated in allopatry and secondary introgression has subsequently erased the signal of past differentiation at neutral loci. We present a model of neutral introgression after secondary contact in a mosaic hybrid zone, which describes how GEAs dissipate with time and how neutral variation self-organizes accord- ing to the environmental and geographic structures. We show that although neutral loci can be affected by environmental selection they are often more affected by history and connectivity： the neutral structure retains the initial geographic separation more than it correlates with the environment during the colonization and introgression phases, and then converges to a migration-drift balance, the most frequent outcome of which is GEA at a local scale but IBD at a large scale. This is the exact pattern usually attributed to parallel ecological speciation. Introgression is heterogeneous in space and depends on the landscape structure （e.g. it is faster in small patches, which are more impacted by immigration）. Furthermore, there is no directionality in the association and it is possi- ble to observe reversed GEAs between distant regions. We argue that the his

关键词： Ecological speciation Local adaptation Mosaic hybrid zone Reproductive isolation Genetic-environment association

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Detecting polygenic selection in marine populations by combining population genomics and quantitative genetics approaches

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Current Zoology 2016年第6期62卷 603-616页

作者： pierre-alexandre GAGNAIRE Oscar E. GAGGIOTTI Universite Montpellier 2 Place Eugene Bataillon 34095 Montpellier Cedex 5 France ISEM - CNRS UMR 5554 SMEL 2 rue des Chantiers Sete 34200 France Scottish Oceans Institute University of St Andrews East Sands St Andrews KY16 9LB UK

Highly fecund marine species with dispersive life-history stages often display large population sizes and wide geographic distribution ranges. Consequently, they are expected to experience reduced genetic drift, efficient selection fueled by frequent adaptive mutations, and high migration loads. This has important consequences for understanding how local adaptation proceeds in the sea. A key issue in this regard, relates to the genetic architecture underlying fitness traits. Theory predicts that adaptation may involve many genes but with a high variance in effect size. Therefore, the effect of selection on allele frequencies may be substantial for the largest effect size loci, but insignificant for small effect genes. In such a context, the performance of population genomic methods to unravel the genetic basis of adaptation depends on the fraction of adaptive genetic variance explained by the cumulative effect of outlier loci. Here, we address some methodological challenges associated with the detection of local adaptation using molecular approaches. We provide an overview of genome scan methods to detect selection, including those assuming complex demographic models that better describe spatial population structure. We then focus on quantitative genetics approaches that search for genotype-phenotype associations at different genomic scales, including genome-wide methods evaluating the cumulative effect of variants. We argue that the limited power of single locus tests can be alleviated by the use of polygenic scores to estimate the joint contribution of candidate variants to phenotypic variation.

关键词： local adaptation genome scans quantitative genetics genotype-phenotype association polygenic scores.

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Holography,and the future of 3D display

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Light(Advanced Manufacturing) 2021年第4期2卷 31-44页

作者： pierre-alexandre Blanche Wyant College of Optical Sciences University of ArizonaTucsonAZUSA

The pioneers of holography,Gabor,Leith,Upatnieks,and Denisyuk,predicted very early that the ultimate 3D display will be based on this *** conviction was rooted on the fact that holography is the only approach that can render all optical cues interpreted by the human visual *** 3D displays have been a dream chased after for many years,facing challenges on all fronts:computation,transmission,and *** numbers such as 6.6×10^(15) flops required for calculations,3×10^(15) b/s data rates,and 1.6×10^(12) phase pixels,the task has been *** article is reviewing the recent accomplishments made in the field of holographic 3D ***,the new developments in machine learning and neural network algorithms demonstrating that computer-generated holograms approach real-time processing.A section also discuss the problem of data transmission that can arguably be solved using clever compression algorithms and optical fiber transmission ***,we introduce the last obstacle to holographic 3D display,which is is the rendering ***,there is no further *** larger and faster spatial light modulators(SLMs),holographic projection systems are constantly *** pixel count on liquid crystal on silicon(LCoS)as well as microelectromechanical systems(MEMS)phase displays is increasing by the millions,and new photonic integrated circuit phased arrays are achieving real *** is only a matter of time for these systems to leave the laboratory and enter the consumer *** future of 3D displays is holographic,and it is happening now.

关键词： holographic rendering render

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Synthesis and purification of long copper nanowires. Application to high performance flexible transparent electrodes with and without PEDOT：PSS

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Nano Research 2014年第3期7卷 315-324页

作者： Celine Mayousse Caroline Celle alexandre Carella Jean-pierre Simonato CEA LITEN / DTNM / LCRE 17 rue des Martyrs 38054 Grenoble France

We demonstrate the hydrothermal synthesis of long copper nanowires based on a simple protocol. We show that the purification of the nanowires is very important and can be achieved easily by wet treatment with glacial acetic acid. Fabrication of random networks of purified copper nanowires leads to flexible transparent electrodes with excellent optoelectronic performances （e.g., 55 Ω/sq. at 94% transparency）. The process is carried out at room temperature and no post-treatment is necessary. Hybrid materials with the conductive polymer PEDOT：PSS show similar properties （e.g., 46 Ω/sq, at 93% transparency）, with improved mechanical properties. Both electrodes were integrated in capacitive touch sensors.

关键词： copper nanowires transparent electrodes PEDOT:PSS touch sensor metallic nanowires

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Comparative Study of Two Materials Combining a Standard Building Material with a PCM

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Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing 2023年第5期19卷 1283-1290页

作者： Marwa El Yassi Ikram El Abbassi alexandre pierre Yannick Melinge Research Laboratory in Industrial Eco-innovation and Energetics(LR2E) ECAM-EPMICergy-Pontoise95000France Laboratory of Mechanic and Materials of Civil Engineering(L2MGC) University of Cergy-PontoiseCergy-Pontoise95000France Historical Monuments Research Laboratory(LRMH) Champs-sur-Marne77420France

Phase change materials(PCMs)have the ability to store thermal energy and make it available at a later stage to keep indoor temperature within a specific range and achieve better thermal comfort in *** study focuses on the performances of materials obtained by combining a standard building material with a *** particular,two different materials mixed with the same PCM are considered under the same climatic *** related thermal behavior is assessed in the framework of numerical simulations conducted with ANSYS Fluent assuming parameters representative of a city located in *** results show that the addition of PCM to concrete and bricks can improve the thermal inertia of the resulting material.

关键词： Phase change materials building material thermal comfort passive cooling

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Vascular invasion in pancreatic cancer:Imaging modalities,preoperative diagnosis and surgical management

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2010年第7期16卷 818-831页

作者： Nicolas C Buchs Michael Chilcott pierre-alexandre Poletti Leo H Buhler Philippe Morel Clinic for Visceral and Transplantation Surgery Department of SurgeryUniversity Hospitals of GenevaGeneva1211Switzerland Department of Radiology University Hospitals of GenevaGeneva1211Switzerland

Pancreatic cancer is associated with a poor prognosis,and surgical resection remains the only chance for curative *** the absence of metastatic disease,which would preclude resection,assessment of vascular invasion is an important parameter for determining resectability of pancreatic cancer.A frequent error is to misdiagnose an involved major ***,surgical exploration with pathological examination remains the"gold standard"in terms of evaluation of resectability,especially from the point of view of vascular ***,current imaging modalities have improved and allow detection of vascular invasion with more accuracy.A venous resection in pancreatic cancer is a feasible technique and relatively ***,a survival benefit is not achieved by curative resection in patients with pancreatic cancer and vascular *** the discovery of an arterial invasion during the operation might require an aggressive management,discovery before the operation should be considered as a *** of vascular invasion remains one of the most important challenges in pancreatic *** aim of this article is to provide a complete review of the different imaging modalities in the detection of vascular invasion in pancreatic cancer.

关键词： Vascular invasion Cancer Pancreas Management

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Narrative warm/cold variations in continental western Europe, AD 708-1426

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Science China Earth Sciences 1997年第5期40卷 509-517页

作者：严中伟 pierre alexandre Gaston Demaree LASG Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029 China Royal Observatory of Belgium 1180 Brussels Belgium Royal Meteorological Institute of Belgium 1180 Brussels Belgium

An extended narrative dataset of the Medieval time AD 708-1426 in continental western Europe was set up. Some 30-year-moving mean seasonal temperature deviation series were reconstructed. A warming trend occurred around AD 1200. During the warm stage, seasonal cycle might be weak due to frequent cool summers. Significant warm summer conditions did not occur until the late 14th century, when the annual temperature level began decreasing. The mean warm season temperature level during the late 14th to the early 15th century might be about 0.3℃ higher than the present. It was suggested to cautiously comment on historical climates for different seasons.

关键词： historical climate narrative records Medieval Warm Epoch seasonal temperature variations

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The Effect of Seed Size on Phytochemical Composition in Cowpea Lines (<i>Vigna unguiculata</i>(L.) Walp.) from Burkina Faso

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Agricultural Sciences 2021年第12期12卷 1462-1472页

作者： pierre alexandre Eric Djifaby Sombié Hemayoro Sama Antoine Barro Adama Hilou Martin Kiendrébéogo Institute of Environment and Agricultural Research Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Laboratory of Biochemistry and Chemistry Applied (LABIOCA) University of Ouagadougou Ouagadougou Burkina Faso University of Dedougou Dédougou Burkina Faso

The study aimed to determine the effect of seeds size (length, width, thickness and 100 seeds-weight) on their phytochemical composition (total phenolics, total flavonoids, total proteins, soluble sugars and starch) of cowpea accessions (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) grown in Burkina Faso. The genotypes and their descendants had length, width, thickness and 100 seeds weight between 80 ± 0.7 to 7.40 ± 0.46 cm;6.51 ± 0.41 to 5.76 ± 0.46 cm;5.15 ± 0.37 to 4.22 ± 0.22 cm;12.93 ± 0.09 to 20.16 ± 0.39 g respectively. Total phenol, total flavonoid and starch contents ranged from 585.37 ± 9.73 to 1704.71 ± 4.87 mg GAE per 100 g DW;41.42 ± 2.03 to 52.26 ± 0.75 mg QE per 100 g DW;6.45% ± 0.3% to 46.58% ± 0.12% respectively. The soluble sugars and total proteins contents were ranged respectively from 149.33 ± 3.80 to 432.82 ± 40.81 μg/100mg, and 20.28 ± 0.17 to 27.32 ± 0.17 (%). Seeds size characters had significant and positive correlations with starch content, and significant and negative correlations with total phenolic content. The study of the genetic parameters of phytochemical traits also revealed that they are slightly influenced by the environment. Genetic factors are believed to account for the variation in the observed seed traits, which provides a high potential of studied accessions for breeding programs.

关键词： Cowpea Seeds Size Phytochemistry Genetic Parameters

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