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Oxidative stress in retinal pigment epithelium degeneration:from pathogenesis to therapeutic targets in dry age-related macular degeneration

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Neural Regeneration Research 2023年第10期18卷 2173-2181页

作者： Meenakshi Maurya Kiran Bora alexandra K.Blomfield Madeline C.Pavlovich shuo Huang Chi-Hsiu Liu Jing Chen Department of Ophthalmology Boston Children’s HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA

Age-related macular degeneration is a primary cause of blindness in the older adult population. Past decades of research in the pathophysiology of the disease have resulted in breakthroughs in the form of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapies against neovascular age-related macular degeneration;however, effective treatment is not yet available for geographical atrophy in dry agerelated macular degeneration or for preventing the progression from early or mid to the late stage of age-related macular degeneration. Both clinical and experimental investigations involving human agerelated macular degeneration retinas and animal models point towards the atrophic alterations in retinal pigment epithelium as a key feature in age-related macular degeneration progression. Retinal pigment epithelium cells are primarily responsible for cellular-structural maintenance and nutrition supply to keep photoreceptors healthy and functional. The retinal pigment epithelium constantly endures a highly oxidative environment that is balanced with a cascade of antioxidant enzyme systems regulated by nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 as a main redox sensing transcription factor. Aging and accumulated oxidative stress triggers retinal pigment epithelium dysfunction and eventually death. Exposure to both environmental and genetic factors aggravates oxidative stress damage in aging retinal pigment epithelium and accelerates retinal pigment epithelium degeneration in age-related macular degeneration pathophysiology. The present review summarizes the role of oxidative stress in retinal pigment epithelium degeneration, with potential impacts from both genetic and environmental factors in age-related macular degeneration development and progression. Potential strategies to counter retinal pigment epithelium damage and protect the retinal pigment epithelium through enhancing its antioxidant capacity are also discussed, focusing on existing antioxidant nutritional supplementation

关键词： age-related macular degeneration antioxidant nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 oxidative stress retinal pigment epithelium REV-ERBα

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Apparent diffusion coefficient values of normal testis and variations with age

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2014年第3期16卷 493-497页

作者： Athina C Tsili Dimitrios Giannakis Anastasios sylakos alexandra Ntorkou Loukas G Astrakas Nikolaos sofikitis Maria I Argyropoulou Department of Clinical Radiology University of Ioannina Ioannina Greece Department of Urology University of Ioannina Ioannina Greece Department of Medical Physics University of Ioannina Ioannina Greece.

The usefulness of diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging （DWI） in the evaluation of scrotal pathology has recently been reported. A standard reference of normal testicular apparent diffusion coefficient （ADC） values and their variations with age is necessary when interpreting normal testicular anatomy and pathology. We evaluated 147 normal testes using DWI, including 71 testes from 53 men aged 20-39years （group 1）, 67 testes from 42 men aged 40-69 years （group 2） and nine testes from six men older than 70years （group 3）. DWI was performed along the axial plane, using a single shot, multislice spin-echo planar diffusion pulse sequence and b-values of 0 and 900 s mm-2. The mean and standard deviation of the ADC values of normal testicular parenchyma were calculated for each age group separately. Analysis of variance （ANOVA） followed by post hoc analysis （Dunnett T3） was used for statistical purposes. The ADC values （x 10-3 mm2s-1） of normal testicular tissue were different among age groups （group 1：1.08 ± 0.13; group 2：1.15 ±0.15 and group 3：1.31± 0.22）. ANOVA revealed differences in mean ADC among age groups （F= 11.391, P〈 0.001）. Post hoc analysis showed differences between groups 1 and 2 （P= 0.008） and between groups 1 and 3 （P= 0.043）, but not between groups 2 and 3 （P= 0.197）. Our findings suggest that ADC values of normal testicular tissue increase with advancing age.

关键词： age apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging testis

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嗜水气单胞菌细胞提取物特性的分析

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浙江大学学报（农业与生命科学版） 2005年第5期31卷 555-560页

作者：沈锦玉余旭平 Kim Thompson alexandra Adams 浙江省淡水水产研究所浙江湖州313001 浙江大学动物科学院浙江杭州310029 Aquaculture of Institute Stirling University

对六株嗜水气单胞菌的全细胞和外膜成份在不同的培养条件下进行sDs-PAGE、免疫转印分析.在同一培养条件下6个供试菌株全细胞的蛋白质电泳图谱不同.同一菌株在五种不同的培养条件下,其蛋白质电泳图谱相似但有差异.6株菌株的细菌外膜提取... 详细信息

对六株嗜水气单胞菌的全细胞和外膜成份在不同的培养条件下进行sDs-PAGE、免疫转印分析.在同一培养条件下6个供试菌株全细胞的蛋白质电泳图谱不同.同一菌株在五种不同的培养条件下,其蛋白质电泳图谱相似但有差异.6株菌株的细菌外膜提取物的蛋白质电泳图谱不同,同一菌株在5种不同的培养条件下,其蛋白质电泳图谱相似但有差异,但所有的图谱均具有34 kDa和30 kDa的条带.用schiff s试剂,银染及生物素标记(Bs-1,ConA,UEA-1)法测定及分析提取物中糖或碳水化合物的特征.生物素标记及经蛋白酶K处理后的所有菌株的提取物均显示不同分子量碳水化合物的条带,但具有相同分子量的条带,其中32 kDa条带被三种生物素及银染所显示,而34 kDa仅被生物素Bs-1和UEA-1所识别.经schiff s试剂染色后,仅出现少量的条带.用免疫转印法测定菌体提取物的抗原性,结果显示,提取物有多条不同的条带被两种血清所识别,且用活菌制备的血清比死菌的要强得多.所有菌株在不同培养条件下的提取物均具35 kDa条带被鱼血清所识别.所以,35 kDa条带可能是嗜水气单胞菌的共同抗原.同时,用ELIsA法测定,证明鱼血清与其它菌株间有较强的交叉反应.

关键词：嗜水气单胞菌细菌外膜提取物 sDs-PAGE 免疫转印

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An Analysis of the Correlation between the Changes in sa-tellite DNA Methylation Patterns and Plant Cell Responses to the stress

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CellBio 2013年第3期2卷 163-171页

作者： Darina A. sokolova Galina s. Vengzhen alexandra P. Kravets Department of Plant Biophysics and Radiobiology Institute of Cell Biology and Genetic Engineering National Academy of Science of Ukraine Kiev Ukraine

The differences in satellite DNA methylation pattern of corn seedlings with various spontaneous chromosome aberration yields and changes in methylation pattern of these DNA sequences under different exposure modes of acute UV-C and chronic gamma-irradiations have been investigated. The obtained experimental data and the conducted correlation analysis demonstrated the significant correlation between the satellite DNA methylation pattern varieties and chromosome aberration yields under various stress exposure modes. The role of satellite DNA methylation pattern variability and its changing in key responses to stress such as mobile elements’ activation, cell’s passage of checkpoints, and homological repair was discussed.

关键词： stress Response Plant Resistance satellite DNA Methylation Pattern Brave-Pirson Linear Correlation

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Tour Guides and Destination Image： Evidence From Portugal

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Journal of Tourism and Hospitality Management 2015年第4期3卷 129-150页

作者： alexandra Matos Pereira University of Coimbra Coimbra Portugal

Tourist guides as front-line professionals, information-givers, and interpreters act as destination representatives and ＂ambassadors＂ in the eyes of tourists （Raboti6, 2010）. This paper, using an empirical analysis of coach tour foreign tourists travelling in Portugal, intends to determine how tourist destination image （TDI） is modified and enhanced through the influence of tourist guide performance and tourist satisfaction with the guided tour. A survey questionnaire of first-time package tour travellers to Portugal revealed a positive change in attitude to image components such as monuments/museums, tourist information, landscape, and gastronomy and wines, confirming that the tourist guide＇s attributes in communication skills and scholar knowledge （history, art, and popular culture） together with highly rated tourist satisfaction with the guided tour concerning the professional competence of a bus driver were critical in enhancing Portugal destination image. Marketing implications for senior coach tour in Portugal are drawn.

关键词： tourist guide tourist guide performance tourist satisfaction coach guided tour destination image

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Risk factors for gastroesophageal reflux disease and analysis of genetic contributors

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2018年第8期6卷 176-182页

作者： alexandra Argyrou Evangelia Legaki Christos Koutserimpas Maria Gazouli Ioannis Papaconstantinou George Gkiokas George Karamanolis Department of Basic Medical sciences Laboratory of BiologySchool of MedicineNational and Kapodistrian University of Athens 2nd Department of General surgery "Sismanoglion" General Hospital of Athens 2nd Department of surgery School of MedicineNational and Kapodistrian University of Athens Gastroenterology Unit 2nd Department of SurgerySchool of MedicineNational and Kapodistrian University of Athens

Gastroesophageal reflux disease(GERD) is a common gastrointestinal disorder with an increasing prevalence. GERD develops when the reflux of stomach contents causes troublesome typical and atypical symptoms and/or complications. several risk factors of GERD have been identified and evaluated over the years, including a considerable amount of genetic factors. Multiple mechanisms are involved in the pathogenesis of GERD including:(1) motor abnormalities, such as impaired lower esophageal sphincter(LEs) resting tone, transient LEs relaxations, impaired esophageal acid clearance and delayed gastric emptying; and(2) anatomical factors, such as hiatal hernia and obesity. Genetic contribution seems to play a major role in GERD and GERD-related disorders development such Barrett's esophagus and esophageal adenocarcinoma. Twin and family studies have revealed an about 31% heritability of the disease. Numerous single-nucleotide polymorphisms in various genes like FOXF1, MHC, CCND1, anti-inflammatory cytokine and DNA repair genes have been strongly associated with increased GERD risk. GERD, Barrett'sesophagus and esophageal adenocarcinoma share several genetic loci. Despite GERD polygenic basis,specific genetic loci such as rs10419226 on chromosome 19, rs2687201 on chromosome 3, rs10852151 on chromosome 15 and rs520525 on the paired related homeobox 1 gene have been mentioned as potential risk factors. Further investigation on the risk genes may elucidate their exact function and role and demonstrate new therapeutic approaches to this increasingly common disease.

关键词： single nucleotide polymorphisms Genetic risk loci Risk factors Gastroesophageal reflux disease Gastroesophageal reflux disease development

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Platelets in hemostasis and thrombosis:Novel mechanisms of fibrinogen-independent platelet aggregation and fibronectin-mediated protein wave of hemostasis

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The Journal of Biomedical Research 2015年第6期29卷 437-444页

作者： Yan Hou Naadiya Carrim Yiming Wang Reid C.Gallant alexandra Marshall Heyu Ni Department of Laboratory Medicine Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical ScienceLi Ka Shing Knowledge InstituteSt.Michael's Hospital and Toronto Platelet Immunobiology Group Jilin Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology University of Toronto Canadian Blood services Department of Medicine and Department of Physiology University of Toronto

Platelets are small anucleate cells generated from megakaryocytes in the bone marrow. Although platelet genera- tion, maturation, and clearance are still not fully understood, significant progress has been made in the last 1-2 dec- ades. In blood circulation, platelets can quickly adhere and aggregate at sites of vascular injury, forming the platelet plug （i.e. the first wave of hemostasis）. Activated platelets can also provide negatively charged phosphatidylserine- rich membrane surface that enhances cell-based thrombin generation, which facilitates blood coagulation （i.e. the second wave of hemostasis）. Platelets therefore play central roles in hemostasis. However, the same process of hemostasis may also cause thrombosis and vessel occlusion, which are the most common mechanisms leading to heart attack and stroke following ruptured atherosclerotic lesions. In this review, we will introduce the classical mechanisms and newly discovered pathways of platelets in hemostasis and thrombosis, including fibrinogen-inde- pendent platelet aggregation and thrombosis, and the plasma fibronectin-mediated ＂protein wave＂ of hemostasis that precedes the classical first wave of hemostasis. Furthermore, we briefly discuss the roles of platelets in inflam- marion and atherosclerosis and the potential strategies to control atherothrombosis.

关键词： platelets thrombosis and hemostasis integrin αIIbβ3 fibrinogen fibronectin

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Faujasite zeolite decorated with cobalt ferrite nanoparticles for improving removal and reuse in Pb^2+ions adsorption

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2020年第7期28卷 1884-1890页

作者： Elaine C.Paris João O.D.Malafatti Henrique C.Musetti alexandra Manzoli Alessandra Zenatti Márcia T.Escote Nanotechnology National Laboratory for Agriculture(LNNA) Embrapa InstrumentaçãoXV de Novembro St.145213560-970 São CarlosSPBrazil Department of Chemistry Federal University of São CarlosRod.Washington Luizkm 23513565-905 São CarlosSPBrazil Regional Integrated University of High Uruguay and Missions(URI) Sete de Setembro Ave.162199709-910ErechimRSBrazil Federal University of ABC(UFABC) Avenida dos Estados5001Santo AndréSPBrazil

Water pollution caused by heavy metals ions has been gaining attention in recent years,increasing the interest in the development of methodologies for their efficient removal focusing on the adsorption process for these *** current challenge faced by adsorption processes is the adequate adsorbent immobilization for removal and ***,the present work aimed at producing a faujasite zeolite nanocomposite decorated with cobalt ferrite nanoparticles for Pb^2+ions adsorption in an aqueous medium improving magnetic removal and *** a result,a high surface area(434.4 m^2·g^-1)for the nanocomposite and an 18.93 emu·g^-1 saturation magnetization value were obtained,indicating magnetic removal in a promising material for adsorption *** nanocomposite regeneration capacity evaluated by magnetic recovery after 24 h suspension presented a high Pb^2+ion adsorptive capacity(98.4%)in the first *** 98%of the Pb^2+ions were adsorbed in the second *** this way,the synthesized faujasite:cobalt ferrite nanocomposite reveals itself as a promising alternative in adsorption processes,aiming at a synergic effect of FAU zeolite high adsorptive activity and the cobalt ferrite nanoparticles magnetic activity,allowing for adsorbent recovery from the aqueous medium via magnetic force and successive adsorptive cycles.

关键词： Faujasite zeolite Adsorption Cobalt ferrite Nanoparticles Magnetic nanocomposite

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Efficient antibody evasion but reduced ACE2 binding by the emerging sARs-CoV-2 variant B.1.640.2

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2022年第9期19卷 1067-1069页

作者： Prerna Arora Amy Kempf Inga Nehlmeier Luise Graichen sebastian schulz Anne Cossmann alexandra Dopfer-Jablonka Martin s.Winkler Hans-Martin Jäck Georg M.N.Behrens stefan Pöhlmann Markus Hoffmann Infection Biology Unit German Primate CenterKellnerweg 437077GöttingenGermany Faculty of Biology and Psychology Georg-August-University GöttingenWilhelmsplatz 137073GöttingenGermany Division of Molecular Immunology Department of Internal Medicine 3Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-NürnbergGlückstraße 691054ErlangenGermany Department for Rheumatology and Immunology Hannover Medical SchoolCarl-Neuberg-Straße 130625HannoverGermany German Centre for Infection Research(DZIF) Partner Site Hannover-BraunschweigHannoverGermany Centre for Individualised Infection Medicine(CiiM) HannoverGermany Department of Anesthesiology University of Göttingen Medical CenterGöttingenGeorg-August University of GöttingenRobert-Koch-Straße 4037075GöttingenGermany

The sARs-CoV-2 spike(s)protein engages ACE2 for cell entry,and the s protein/ACE2 interface is an important target for neutralizing *** the course of the COVID-19 pandemic,sARs-CoV-2 variants have emerged that harbor mutations in the s protein,which confer neutralization resistance and allow viral spread in immunologically nonnaive *** most prominent example is the highly mutated Omicron variant,which infects convalescent or vaccinated individuals with unprecedented efficiency[1,2].

关键词： ACE2 harbor neutral

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Extensively drug-resistant bacteria are an independent predictive factor of mortality in 130 patients with spontaneous bacterial peritonitis or spontaneous bacteremia

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2016年第15期22卷 4049-4056页

作者： alexandra Alexopoulou Larisa Vasilieva Danai Agiasotelli Kyriaki siranidi sophia Pouriki Athanasia Tsiriga Marina Toutouza spyridon P Dourakis Department of Internal Μedicine Hippokration Hospital Medical School National and Kapodistrian University of Athens 11527 Athens Greece Department of Microbiology Hippokration Hospital 11527 Athens Greece

AIM: To evaluate the epidemiology and outcomes of culture-positive spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (sBP) and spontaneous bacteremia (sB) in decompensated ***: We prospectively collected clinical, laboratory characteristics, type of administered antibiotic, susceptibility and resistance of bacteria to antibiotics in one hundred thirty cases (68.5% males) with positive ascitic fluid and/or blood cultures during the period from January 1, 2012 to May 30, 2014. All patients with sBP had polymorphonuclear cell count in ascitic fluid > 250/mmsup>3sup>. In patients with sB a thorough study did not reveal any other cause of bacteremia. The patients were followed-up for a 30-d period following diagnosis of the infection. The final outcome of the patients was recorded in the end of follow-up and comparison among 3 groups of patients according to the pattern of drug resistance was ***: Gram-positive-cocci (GPC) were found in half of the cases. The most prevalent organisms in a descending order were Escherichia coli (33), Enterococcus spp (30), streptococcus spp (25), Klebsiella pneumonia (16), s. aureus (8), Pseudomanas aeruginosa (5), other Gram-negative-bacteria (GNB) (11) and anaerobes (2). Overall, 20.8% of isolates were multidrug-resistant (MDR) and 10% extensively drug-resistant (XDR). Health-care-associated (HCA) and/or nosocomial infections were present in 100% of MDR/XDR and in 65.5% of non-DR cases. Meropenem was the empirically prescribed antibiotic in HCA/nosocomial infections showing a drug-resistance rate of 30.7% while third generation cephalosporins of 43.8%. Meropenem was ineffective on both XDR bacteria and Enterococcus faecium (E. faecium). All but one XDR were susceptible to colistin while all GPC (including E. faecium) and the 86% of GNB to tigecycline. Overall 30-d mortality was 37.7% (69.2% for XDR and 34.2% for the rest of the patients) (log rank, P = 0.015). In multivariate analysis, factors adversely affecting

关键词： spontaneous bacterial peritonitis spontaneous bacteremia Multidrug-resistant bacteria Extensively drug-resistant bacteria susceptibility to antibiotics

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