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Epidural oscillating field stimulation increases axonal regenerative capacity and myelination after spinal cord trauma

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Neural Regeneration Research 2022年第12期17卷 2730-2736页

作者： Maria Bacova Katarina Bimbova alexandra Kisucka Nadezda Lukacova Jan Galik Institute of Neurobiology of Biomedical Research Center Slovak Academy of SciencesSoltesovejKosiceSlovak Republic

Oscillating field stimulation(OFS)with regular alterations in the polarity of electric current is a unique,experimental approach to stimulate,support,and potentially guide the outgrowth of both sensory and motor nerve fibers after spinal cord injury(SCI).In previous experiments,we demonstrated the beneficial effects of OFS in a 4-week survival period after *** this study,we observed the major behavioral,morphological,and protein changes in rats after 15 minutes of T9 spinal compression with a 40 g force,followed by long-lasting OFS(50μA),over a 8-week survival *** groups of rats were analyzed:rats after T9 spinal compression(SCI group);SCI rats subjected to implantation of active oscillating field stimulator(OFS+SCI group);and SCI rats subjected to nonfunctional OFS(nOFS+SCI group).Histopathological analysis of spinal tissue indicated a strong impact of epidural OFS on the reduction of tissue and myelin loss after SCI in the segments adjacent to the lesion *** fluorescent analysis of the most affected areas of spinal cord tissue revealed a higher number of spared axons and oligodendrocytes of rats in the OFS+SCI group,compared with rats in the SCI and nOFS+SCI *** protein levels of neurofilaments(NF-l),growth-associated protein-43(marker for newly sprouted axons),and myelin basic protein in rats were signifiantly increased in the OFS+SCI group than in the nOFS+SCI and SCI *** suggests a supporting role of the OFS in axonal and myelin regeneration after ***,rats in the OFS+SCI group showed great improvements in sensory and motor functions than did rats in the nOFS+SCI and SCI *** these findings suggest that long-lasting OFS applied immediately after SCI can provide a good microenviroment for recovery of damaged spinal tissue by triggering regenreative processes in the acute phase of injury.

关键词： axonal regenerative capacity behavioral assessment epidural stimulation motor recovery myelin regeneration oscillating field stimulation spinal cord injury

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Energy efficiencies and CO_(2)emissions associated with lowtemperature separation technologies for the processing of formation fluid from the Achimov deposits

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Petroleum Research 2023年第3期8卷 413-423页

作者： alexandra Saitova Sergey Strokin Falk Ahnert Aleksandr Chepurnov Peter the Great St Petersburg Polytechnic University Politechnicheskaya str.29Saint Petersburg195251Russian Federation Wintershall Dea AG Friedrich-Ebert-Straße 160Kassel34119Germany Wintershall Dea Russia GmbH Reshetnikova str.14ASaint Petersburg196105Russian Federation

Three different technologies for the low-temperature separation(LTS)of gas condensate from the Achimov deposits in the Russian Urengoyskoe gas and condensate field were assessed using exergy *** options examined included turbo-expansion and *** exergy values were calculated for material streams and exergy losses and efficiencies were estimated for dedicated equipment used in the *** lowest exergy loss of 4221.2 kW was obtained using turboexpansion and electricity *** carbon release associated with each scenario was calculated while considering different production rates,technological parameters and natural decreases in wellhead *** integral carbon footprint after 40 years of LTS operation was estimated for all cases.A classical ejector-based LTS scheme was shown to produce 1200 t of CO_(2)emissions over 40 years of *** same scheme combined with a turboexpander and electricity generator produced 59%less CO_(2)in the same *** expansion-cogeneration LTS scheme was found to be the most effective and ecologically friendly among the various options based on this analysis.

关键词： Oil and gas field Gas condensate Carbon emission Carbon footprint Complex gas treatment unit

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Microbial community coalescence and nitrogen cycling in simulated mortality decomposition hotspots

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Ecological Processes 2023年第1期12卷 608-624页

作者： Sarah W.Keenan alexandra L.Emmons Jennifer M.DeBruyn Department of Geology and Geological Engineering South Dakota School of Mines and Technology501 East St.Joseph StreetRapidSD 57701USA Department of Anthropology University of TennesseeKnoxvilleTNUSA Department of Biosystems Engineering and Soil Science University of Tennessee2506 E.J.Chapman DriveKnoxvilleTN 37996USA

Background The pulsed introduction of dead plant and animal material into soils represents one of the primary mechanisms for returning organic carbon(C)and nitrogen(N)compounds to biogeochemical *** of animal carcasses provides a high C and N resource that stimulates indigenous environmental microbial communities and introduces non-indigenous,carcass-derived microbes to the ***,the dynamics of the coalesced microbial communities,and the relative contributions of environment-and carcass-derived microbes to C and N cycling are *** test whether environment-derived,carcass-derived,or the combined microbial communities exhibited a greater influence on C and N cycling,we conducted controlled laboratory experiments that combined carcass decomposition fluids and soils to simulate carcass decomposition *** selectively sterilized the decomposition fluid and/or soil to remove microbial communities and create different combinations of environment-and carcass-derived communities and incubated the treatments under three temperatures(10,20,and 30℃).Results Carcass-derived bacteria persisted in soils in our simulated decomposition scenarios,albeit at low *** communities had higher respiration rates at 10 and 30℃ compared to soil or carcass communities ***,at higher temperatures,mixed communities had reduced diversity,but higher respiration,suggesting functional *** communities treatments also provided evidence that carcass-associated microbes may be contributing to ammonification and denitrification,but that nitrification is still primarily carried out by native soil *** Our work yields insight into the dynamics of microbial communities that are coalescing during carcass decomposition,and how they contribute to recycling carcasses in terrestrial ecosystems.

关键词： Carcass decomposition Microcosm Nitrogen Carbon Biogeochemical cycling Coalescence

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How do project-oriented organizations enhance innovation?An institutional theory perspective

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Frontiers of Engineering Management 2023年第3期10卷 427-438页

作者： Shankar SANKARAN Catherine PKILLEN alexandra PITSIS Faculty of Design Architecture and Building University of Technology SydneyUltimoNSW 2007Australia

A project-oriented organization is a hybrid form of organization where a functional hierarchy is augmented with structures to manage projects strategically across the *** project-oriented organizations from diverse industries that emphasize innovation in their strategies were selected for this *** use the three pillars of institutional theory—regulative,normative and cultural-cognitive—and institutional entrepreneurship to analyze interview data from executive and project,program and portfolio management personnel in the project-oriented organizations to investigate how innovation is facilitated through external influences and internal *** findings indicate that processes and new structures provide effective ways for innovation and,while individuals are important,processes are more effective than individuals at enabling *** put forward some lessons for practice that emerge directly from the findings,including suggestions on improving allocation of resources,a need to focus on processes,reconceptualization of“failure”,and dedicated investment in market knowledge,customer knowledge,performance metrics and flexible governance structures.

关键词： project-oriented organizations innovation institutional entrepreneurship institutional theory

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Successful lifestyle modifications may underlie umbilical cordmesenchymal stromal cell effects in type 2 diabetes mellitus

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World Journal of Diabetes 2023年第3期14卷 347-351页

作者： alexandra Papadopoulou Konstantinos I Papadopoulos Occupational and Environmental Health Services Feelgood LundLund 22363SkåneSweden Department of Research and Development THAI StemLife Co.Ltd.Bangkok 10310BangkokThailand

Type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)is a lifelong condition and a grave threat to human *** efforts to relieve its detrimental effects are acutely *** sine qua non in T2DM management is consistent adherence to a prudent lifestyle and nutrition,combined with aerobic and resistance exercise regimens,together repeatedly shown to lead to complete reversal and even longterm ***-adherence to the above lifestyle adjustments condemns any treatment effort and ultimately the patient to a grim *** is thus imperative that every study evaluating the effects of innovative interventions in T2DM objectively compares the novel treatment modality to lifestyle modifications,preferably through double-blind controlled randomization,before claiming efficacy.

关键词： Type 1 diabetes mellitus Type 2 diabetes mellitus Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells Diabetes remission Diabetes reversal Lifestyle modifications

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Validation of Pore-Scale Simulations of Hydrodynamic Dispersion in Random Sphere Packings

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Communications in Computational Physics 2013年第3期13卷 801-822页

作者： Siarhei Khirevich alexandra Holtzel Ulrich Tallarek Department of Chemistry Philipps-Universitat MarburgHans-Meerwein-Strasse35032 MarburgGermany

We employ the lattice Boltzmann method and random walk particle tracking to simulate the time evolution of hydrodynamic dispersion in bulk,random,monodisperse,hard-sphere packings with bed porosities(interparticle void volume fractions)between the random-close and the random-loose packing *** JodreyTory and Monte Carlo-based algorithms and a systematic variation of the packing protocols we generate a portfolio of packings,whose microstructures differ in their degree of heterogeneity(DoH).Because the DoH quantifies the heterogeneity of the void space distribution in a packing,the asymptotic longitudinal dispersion coefficient calculated for the packings increases with the packings’*** investigate the influence of packing length(up to 150 d_(p),where d_(p) is the sphere diameter)and grid resolution(up to 90 nodes per d_(p))on the simulated hydrodynamic dispersion coefficient,and demonstrate that the chosen packing dimensions of 10 d_(p)×10 d_(p)×70 d_(p) and the employed grid resolution of 60 nodes per d_(p) are sufficient to observe asymptotic behavior of the dispersion coefficient and to minimize finite size *** values of the dispersion coefficients calculated for the generated packings are compared with simulated as well as experimental data from the literature and yield good to excellent agreement.

关键词： Packing microstructure degree of heterogeneity packing algorithm hydrodynamic dispersion random sphere packings

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Effects of spatial variation in cohesion over the concrete-rock interface on dam sliding stability

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2015年第6期7卷 659-667页

作者： alexandra Krounis Fredrik Johansson Stefan Larsson Division of Soil and Rock Mechanics KTH Royal Institute of Technology

The limit equilibrium method （LEM） is widely used for sliding stability evaluation of concrete gravitydams. Failure is then commonly assumed to occur along the entire sliding surface ***, the brittle behaviour of bonded concrete-rock contacts, in combination with the varying stressover the interface, implies that the failure of bonded dam-foundation interfaces occurs progressively. Inaddition, the spatial variation in cohesion may introduce weak spots where failure can be ***, the combined effect of brittle failure and spatial variation in cohesion on the overall shearstrength of the interface has not been studied previously. In this paper, numerical analyses are used toinvestigate the effect of brittle failure in combination with spatial variation in cohesion that is taken intoaccount by random fields with different correlation lengths. The study concludes that a possible existenceof weak spots along the interface has to be considered since it significantly reduces the overallshear strength of the interface, and implications for doing so are discussed.

关键词： Concrete gravity dam Sliding stability Cohesion Brittle failure Spatial variation

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Cytoskeletal changes in diseases of the nervous system

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Frontiers in Biology 2014年第1期9卷 5-17页

作者： alexandra K. SUCHOWERSKA Thomas FATH Neurodegeneration and Repair Unit School of Medical Sciences University of New South Wales Randwick New South Wales 2052Australia

The neuronal cytoskeleton not only provides the structural backbone of neurons, but also plays a fundamental role in maintaining neuronal functions. Dysregulation of neuronal architecture is evident in both injury and diseases of the central nervous system. These changes often result in the disruption of protein trafficking, loss of synapses and the death of neurons, ultimately impacting on signal transmission and manifesting in the disease phenotype. Furthermore, mutations in cytoskeletal proteins have been implicated in numerous diseases and, in some cases, identified as the cause of the disease, highlighting the critical role of the cytoskeleton in disease pathology. This review focuses on the role of cytoskeletal proteins in the pathology of mental disorders, neurodegenerative diseases and motor function deficits. In particular, we illustrate how cytoskeletal proteins can be directly linked to disease pathology and progression.

关键词： cytoskeleton actin microtubules intermediate filaments nervous system disease

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Modeling Size-number Distributions of Seeds for Use in Soil Bank Studies

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2008年第5期50卷 531-535页

作者： Hugo Casco alexandra Soveral Dias Luís Silva Dias Chemical Ecology Unit Centre of Ecology and EnvironmentUniversidade de vora7002-554 vora Portugal

Knowledge of soil seed banks is essential to understand the dynamics of plant populations and communities and would greatly benefit from the integration of existing knowledge on ecological correlations of seed size and shape. The present study aims to establish a feasible and meaningful method to describe size-number distributions of seeds in multi-species situations. For that purpose, size-number distributions of seeds with known length, width and thickness were determined by sequential sieving. The most appropriate combination of sieves and seeds dimensions was established, and the adequacy of the power function and the Weibull model to describe size-number distributions of spherical, non-spherical, and all seeds was investigated. We found that the geometric mean of seed length, width and thickness was the most adequate size estimator, providing shape-independent measures of seeds volume directly related to sieves mesh side, and that both the power function and the Weibull model provide high quality descriptions of size-number distributions of spherical, non-spherical, and all seeds. We also found that, in spite of its slightly lower accuracy, the power function is, at this stage, a more trustworthy model to characterize size-number distributions of seeds in soil banks because in some Weibull equations the estimates of the scale parameter were not acceptable.

关键词： accuracy power function seeds shape seeds size size-number distributions Weibull model.

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Mental health of the Slovak population during COVID-19 pandemic:A cross-sectional survey

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2022年第25期10卷 8880-8892页

作者： Maria Kralova alexandra Brazinova Veronika Sivcova Lubomira Izakova Department of Psychiatry Faculty of Medicine Comenius University and University Hospital BratislavaBratislava 81369Slovakia Institute of Epidemiology Faculty of Medicine Comenius University BratislavaBratislava 81372Slovakia

BACKGROUND Population’s mental health surveillance is essential for knowing the distribution of mental well-being and mental disorders in the *** allows for the establishment,evaluation,and revision of preventive measures and curative *** results of such monitoring should serve as a database for evidencebased mental health *** disorders are among the top ten causes of burden globally and crisis situations such as the pandemic increase the risk of mental health problems,as they cause constant fear of contagion and the implementation of restrictive *** impact of the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic on the general population of the Slovak Republic has not yet been *** hypothesis was that more than one fifth of the population(women to a greater extent)will have symptoms of anxiety and *** To assess the mental health of the general Slovak population aged 15 years and older in the summer of 2021 by determining the prevalence of depressive and anxiety *** An anonymous cross-sectional survey was implemented in a sample of 1501 respondents in the summer of 2021 during the COVID-19 *** inclusion criteria were age of 15 years and older and ability to complete the survey questionnaire online or in a face-to-face *** survey assessed anxiety symptoms by the seven-item general anxiety disorder and depressive symptoms by the nine-item patient health questionnaire *** cut-off scores of 10 or greater were used for *** Anxiety symptoms were present in 19.32%and depression in 24.65%of the *** of both disorders were more common in females:15.00%of males and 24.00%of females experienced anxiety symptoms,and 19.00%of males and 30.00%of females experienced symptoms of *** of both disorders were the most common in the youngest age group(15-25 years old):One fifth of males(20.29%)and one third of females(35.32%)had symptoms of anxiety,and 2

关键词： Mental health COVID-19 pandemic Anxiety Depression Slovak Republic

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