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Role of adipose tissue grafting and adipose-derived stem cells in peripheral nerve surgery

Neural Regeneration Research 2022年第10期17卷 2179-2184页

作者： Tiam M.Saffari Sara Saffari Krishna S.Vyas Samir Mardini alexander y.shin Department of Orthopedic Surgery Division of Microvascular and Hand SurgeryMayo ClinicRochesterMNUSA Radboud University Medical Center Radboud Institute for Health SciencesDepartment of Plastic SurgeryNijmegenThe Netherlands Department of Surgery Division of Plastic and Reconstructive SurgeryMayo ClinicRochesterMNUSA

The application of autologous fat grafting in reconstructive surgery is commonly used to improve functional *** review aims to provide an overview of the scientific evidence on the biology of adipose tissue,the role of adipose-derived stem cells,and the indications of adipose tissue grafting in peripheral nerve *** tissue is easily accessible through the lower abdomen and inner ***-vascularized adipose tissue grafting does not support oxidative and ischemic stress,resulting in variable survival of adipocytes within the first 24 *** of adipose tissue with a stromal vascular fraction is purported to increase the number of adipose-derived stem cells and is postulated to augment the long-term stability of adipose tissue *** science nerve research suggests an increase in nerve regeneration and nerve revascularization,and a decrease in nerve fibrosis after the addition of adipose-derived stem cells or adipose *** clinical studies,the use of autologous lipofilling is mostly applied to secondary carpal tunnel release revisions with promising *** the use of adipose-derived stem cells in peripheral nerve reconstruction is relatively new,more studies are needed to explore safety and long-term effects on peripheral nerve *** Food and Drug Administration stipulates that adipose-derived stem cell transplantation should be minimally manipulated,enzyme-free,and used in the same surgical procedure,*** tissue grafts that contain native adipose-derived stem cells or stromal vascular *** research may be shifted towards the use of tissue-engineered adipose tissue to create a supportive microenvironment for autologous graft ***-ready alternatives could be enhanced with adipose-derived stem cells or growth factors and eliminate the need for adipose tissue harvest.

关键词： adipose tissue adipose-derived stem cells angiogenesis autologous fat grafting nerve injury nerve regeneration paracrine environment peripheral nerve reconstruction stem cell secretome tissue engineering

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The role of vascularization in nerve regeneration of nerve graft

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Neural Regeneration Research 2020年第9期15卷 1573-1579页

作者： Tiam M.Saffari Meiwand Bedar Caroline A.Hundepool Allen T.Bishop alexander y.shin Department of Orthopedic Surgery Mayo ClinicRochesterMNUSA Department of Plastic Reconstructive and Hand SurgeryErasmus Medical CenterRotterdamthe Netherlands

Vascularization is an important factor in nerve graft survival and function. The specific molecular regulations and patterns of angiogenesis following peripheral nerve injury are in a broad complex of pathways. This review aims to summarize current knowledge on the role of vascularization in nerve regeneration, including the key regulation molecules, and mechanisms and patterns of revascularization after nerve injury. Angiogenesis, the maturation of pre-existing vessels into new areas, is stimulated through angiogenic factors such as vascular endothelial growth factor and precedes the repair of damaged nerves. Vascular endothelial growth factor administration to nerves has demonstrated to increase revascularization after injury in basic science research. In the clinical setting, vascularized nerve grafts could be used in the reconstruction of large segmental peripheral nerve injuries. Vascularized nerve grafts are postulated to accelerate revascularization and enhance nerve regeneration by providing an optimal nutritional environment, especially in scarred beds, and decrease fibroblast infiltration. This could improve functional recovery after nerve grafting, however, conclusive evidence of the superiority of vascularized nerve grafts is lacking in human studies. A well-designed randomized controlled trial comparing vascularized nerve grafts to non-vascularized nerve grafts involving patients with similar injuries, nerve graft repair and follow-up times is necessary to demonstrate the efficacy of vascularized nerve grafts. Due to technical challenges, composite transfer of a nerve graft along with its adipose tissue has been proposed to provide a healthy tissue bed. Basic science research has shown that a vascularized fascial flap containing adipose tissue and a vascular bundle improves revascularization through excreted angiogenic factors, provided by the stem cells in the adipose tissue as well as by the blood supply and environmental support. While it was previou

关键词： angiogenesis fascial flap nerve graft nerve injury nerve regeneration peripheral nerve vascular endothelial growth factor vascularization vascularized nerve graft

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The interaction of stem cells and vascularity in peripheral nerve regeneration

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Neural Regeneration Research 2021年第8期16卷 1510-1517页

作者： Sara Saffari Tiam M.Saffari Dietmar J.O.Ulrich Steven E.R.Hovius alexander y.shin Division of Hand and Microvascular Surgery Department of Orthopedic SurgeryMayo ClinicRochesterMNUSA Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Radboud University Medical CenterNijmegenthe Netherlands

The degree of nerve regeneration after peripheral nerve injury can be altered by the microenvironment at the site of injury. Stem cells and vascularity are postulated to be a part of a complex pathway that enhances peripheral nerve regeneration;however, their interaction remains unexplored. This review aims to summarize current knowledge on this interaction, including various mechanisms through which trophic factors are promoted by stem cells and angiogenesis. Angiogenesis after nerve injury is stimulated by hypoxia, mediated by vascular endothelial growth factor, resulting in the growth of preexisting vessels into new areas. Modulation of distinct signaling pathways in stem cells can promote angiogenesis by the secretion of various angiogenic factors. Simultaneously, the importance of stem cells in peripheral nerve regeneration relies on their ability to promote myelin formation and their capacity to be influenced by the microenvironment to differentiate into Schwann-like cells. Stem cells can be acquired through various sources that correlate to their differentiation potential, including embryonic stem cells, neural stem cells, and mesenchymal stem cells. Each source of stem cells serves its particular differentiation potential and properties associated with the promotion of revascularization and nerve regeneration. Exosomes are a subtype of extracellular vesicles released from cell types and play an important role in cell-to-cell communication. Exosomes hold promise for future transplantation applications, as these vesicles contain fewer membrane-bound proteins, resulting in lower immunogenicity. This review presents pre-clinical and clinical studies that focus on selecting the ideal type of stem cell and optimizing stem cell delivery methods for potential translation to clinical practice. Future studies integrating stem cell-based therapies with the promotion of angiogenesis may elucidate the synergistic pathways and ultimately enhance nerve regeneration.

关键词： angiogenesis exosomes nerve graft nerve regeneration peripheral nerve injury revascularization Schwann cells stem cells stem cell delivery vascularity

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Combating an invisible enemy: The American military response to global pandemics

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Military Medical Research 2021年第3期8卷 326-335页

作者： Lauren K.Dutton Peter C.Rhee alexander y.shin Richard J.Ehrlichman Richard J.Shemin Department of Orthopedic Surgery Mayo Clinic2001st Street SWRochesterMN 55905USA Navy Medicine Professional Development Center BethesdaMD 20889USA United States Air Force Reserve the 60th Ops SquadronTravis AFBCA 94535USA Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Massachusetts General HospitalBostonMA 02114USA Massachusetts National Guard United States ArmyHanscom AFBMA 01731USA Division of Cardiac Surgery Department of SurgeryCardiovascular Center at UCLADavid Geffen School of Medicine at UCLALos AngelesCA 90095USA

The present moment is not the first time that America has found itself at war with a pathogen during a time of international conflict. Between crowded barracks at home and trenches abroad, wartime conditions helped enable the spread of influenza in the fall of 1918 during World War I such that an estimated 20%–40% of U.S. military members were infected. While the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19) pandemic is unparalleled for most of today's population, it is essential to not view it as unprecedented lest the lessons of past pandemics and their effect on the American military be forgotten. This article provides a historical perspective on the effect of the most notable antecedent pandemic, the Spanish Influenza epidemic, on American forces with the goal of understanding the interrelationship of global pandemics and the military, highlighting the unique challenges of the current pandemic, and examining how the American military has fought back against pandemics both at home and abroad, both 100 years ago and today.

关键词： Pandemic Spanish influenza COVID-19 Military Influenza

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Gene expression profiles of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells dynamically seeded on clinically available processed nerve allografts and collagen nerve guides

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Neural Regeneration Research 2021年第8期16卷 1613-1621页

作者： Femke Mathot Nadia Rbia Roman Thaler Allan B.Dietz Andre Jvan Wijnen Allen T.Bishop alexander y.shin Department of Orthopedic Surgery Mayo ClinicRochesterMNUSA Department of Plastic Surgery RadboudumcNijmegenThe Netherlands Department of Dermatology Erasmus Medical CenterRotterdamThe Netherlands Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Mayo ClinicRochesterMNUSA Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology Mayo ClinicRochesterMNUSA

It was hypothesized that mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs) could provide necessary trophic factors when seeded onto the surfaces of commonly used nerve graft substitutes. We aimed to determine the gene expression of MSCs when influenced by Avance■ Nerve Grafts or Neura Gen■ Nerve Guides. Human adipose-derived MSCs were cultured and dynamically seeded onto 30 Avance■ Nerve Grafts and 30 Neura Gen■ Nerve Guides for 12 hours. At six time points after seeding, quantitative polymerase chain reaction analyses were performed for five samples per group. Neurotrophic [nerve growth factor(NGF), glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor(GDNF), pleiotrophin(PTN), growth associated protein 43(GAP43) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF)], myelination [peripheral myelin protein 22(PMP22) and myelin protein zero(MPZ)], angiogenic [platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule 1(PECAM1/CD31) and vascular endothelial cell growth factor alpha(VEGFA)], extracellular matrix(ECM) [collagen type alpha I(COL1A1), collagen type alpha III(COL3A1), Fibulin 1(FBLN1) and laminin subunit beta 2(LAMB2)] and cell surface marker cluster of differentiation 96(CD96) gene expression was quantified. Unseeded Avance■ Nerve Grafts and Neura Gen■ Nerve Guides were used to evaluate the baseline gene expression, and unseeded MSCs provided the baseline gene expression of MSCs. The interaction of MSCs with the Avance■ Nerve Grafts led to a short-term upregulation of neurotrophic(NGF, GDNF and BDNF), myelination(PMP22 and MPZ) and angiogenic genes(CD31 and VEGFA) and a long-term upregulation of BDNF, VEGFA and COL1A1. The interaction between MSCs and the Neura Gen■ Nerve Guide led to short term upregulation of neurotrophic(NGF, GDNF and BDNF) myelination(PMP22 and MPZ), angiogenic(CD31 and VEGFA), ECM(COL1A1) and cell surface(CD96) genes and long-term upregulation of neurotrophic(GDNF and BDNF), angiogenic(CD31 and VEGFA), ECM genes(COL1A1, COL3A1, and FBLN1) and cell surface(CD96) genes. Analysis demonstrat

关键词： Avance■Nerve Grafts dynamic seeding mesenchymal stem cell NeuraGen■Nerve Guides peripheral nerve repair qPCR

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Oxidation behavior and improvement in nonflammability of LPSO-type Mg–Zn–y–Sr alloy

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2024年第2期12卷 742-749页

作者： shin-ichi Inoue Kazumasa Iwanaga yoshihito Kawamura Magnesium Research Center Kumamoto University2-39-1 KurokamiChuo-kuKumamoto 860-8555Japan Department of Materials Science Graduate School of Science and TechnologyKumamoto University2-39-1 KurokamiChuo-kuKumamoto 860-8555Japan

Mg_(97)Zn_(1)y_(2)alloys with high ignition temperatures were developed by adding *** addition of Sr resulted in the formation of a uniform and thin y_(2)O_(3)***–Zn–y alloys containing at least 0.25 at.%Sr exhibited ignition temperatures of 1270–1320 *** a result of EDS measurement,Sr was found to be concentrated in the y_(2)O_(3)*** addition,a mixed film of MgO and Sr O formed on the outer layer in the 1.5 at.%Sr-containing Mg_(97)Zn_(1)y_(2)*** findings suggest that the uniform and thin y_(2)O_(3)film that maintains high soundness at high temperatures was formed owing to valence control and the formation of a protective outer oxide film.

关键词： Magnesium alloy yttrium Strontium High-temperature oxidation Nonflammability

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Scanning transmission electron microscopy and atom probe tomography analysis of non-stoichiometry long-period-stacking-ordered structures in Mg-Ni-y/Sm alloys

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2024年第3期12卷 954-965页

作者： yimeng Chen Manuel Legrée Jean-Louis Bobet alexander Kvit CAMECA Instruments Inc MadisonWI 53711USA ICMCB Universitéde BordeauxPessacCEDEX 33608France NIAC&Materials Science Department University of WisconsinMadisonWI 53706USA

The long-period-stacking-ordered(LPSO)structure affects the mechanical,corrosion and hydrolysis properties of Mg *** current work employs high angle annular dark field-scanning transmission electron microscopy(HAADF-STEM)and atom probe tomography(APT)to investigate the structural and local chemical information of LPSO phases formed in Mg-Ni-y/Sm ternary alloys after extended isothermal *** on the alloying elements and their concentrations,Mg-Ni-y/Sm develops a two-phase LPSO+α-Mg structure in which the LPSO phase contains defects,hybrid LPSO structure,and Mg ***-STEM and APT indicate non-stoichiometric LPSO with incomplete Ni_(6)(y/Sm)_(8) *** addition,the APT quantitatively determines the local composition of LPSO and confirms the presence of Ni within the Mg bonding *** results provide insight into a better understanding of the structure and hydrolysis properties of LPSO-Mg alloys.

关键词： Magnesium alloys Long-range ordering Atom probe tomography(APT) STEM HAADF Hydrolysis properties.

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Tetramic acid-motif natural products from a marine fungus Tolypocladium cylindrosporum FB06 and their anti-Parkinson activities

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Marine Life Science & Technology 2024年第1期6卷 84-92页

作者： yuna Jung Chaesun Kwon Taeyeon Kim Jin Woo Lee Min-Kyoo shin Sang Hee Shim Natural Products Research Institute College of PharmacySeoul National UniversitySeoul 08826Republic of Korea College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences Seoul National UniversitySeoul 08826Republic of Korea College of Pharmacy Duksung Women’s UniversitySeoul 01369Republic of Korea

Tetramic acid-containing natural products are attracting significantly increasing attention from biologists and chemists due to their intriguing structures and biological *** the present study,two new tetramic acid alkaloids tolypyridone I(1)and tolypyridone J(2),together with five known ones(3–7),were isolated from cultures of a marine fungus Tolypocladium cylindrosporum FB06 isolate obtained from a marine sediment in Beaufort sea of North *** structures were elucidated using 1D,2D NMR,and *** configurations were established on the basis of 1H coupling constants,ROESy correlations and DP4 *** 2 was isolated as mixtures of rotational isomers with C-3 to C-7 axis between 4-hydroxy-2-pyridone and 1-ethyl-3,5-dimethylcyclohexane,hindering *** our unbiased screening to discover neuroprotective compounds in an in vitro Parkinson’s disease(PD)model,SH-Sy5y dopaminergic cells were treated with isolated compounds followed by treatment with 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium(MPP^(+)),a parkinsonian *** tested compounds,F-14329(7)significantly protected cells from MPP^(+)-induced ***^(+)-mediated cell death is known to be related to the regulation of Bcl-2 family proteins,specifically the down-regulation of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 and the up-regulation of pro-apoptotic Bax *** with 2 mmol/L of MPP^(+)for 24 h significantly reduced Bcl-2 levels compared to control treated with ***,treatment with F-14329(7)attenuated such *** study demonstrates that tetramic acid-motif compounds could be potential lead compounds for treating PD.

关键词： Tolypocladium cylindrosporum Tetramic acid Tolypyridone Parkinson’s disease

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A new look at the first dinosaur discovered in Antarctica:reappraisal of Antarctopelta oliveroi(Ankylosauria:Parankylosauria)

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Advances in Polar Science 2024年第1期35卷 78-107页

作者： Sergio SOTO ACUÑA alexander OVARGAS Jonatan KALUZA Red Paleontológica U-Chile Departamento de BiologíaFacultad de CienciasUniversidad de ChileÑuñoa 7800003Chile Escuela de Geología Facultad de CienciasIngeniería y TecnologíaUniversidad MayorProvidenciaSantiago 7500994Chile Fundación de Historia Natural Félix de Azara Universidad MaimónidesBuenos Aires C1405Argentina Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas(CONICET) Buenos Aires C1425FQBArgentina

The first dinosaur discovered in the Antarctic continent was the ankylosaur Antarctopelta oliveroi in the ***,since then several hypotheses of phylogenetical relationships have been proposed because these have been depended on how the skeletal remains have been *** main obstacle for clarifying its phylogenetic position is that many portions of the skeleton remain unknown,in addition to the presence of unknown characters in typical *** an ankylosaurid,nodosaurid,or even a chimaera,a recent proposal based on mostly complete material of a new ankylosaur from Chilean Patagonia provided support for a novel phylogenetic hypothesis:Antarctopelta and other southern ankylosaurs are an early branching clade,the Parankylosauria,whose origin probably dates to the Late *** the light of this new view,a redescription of the available skeletal remains is provided together with a new reconstruction of the first Antarctic dinosaur known to the science community.

关键词： Antarctic Peninsula Biogeographic Weddellian Province Parankylosauria Antarctopelta

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Effect of autologous serum after amniotic membrane transplantation for persistent corneal ulcers

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2024年第9期17卷 1639-1644页

作者： Rozaliya Hristova Petya yankova Georgi Markov alexander Oscar yani Zdravkov Department of Ophthalmology Medical University SofiaUniversity Hospital AlexandrovskaSofia 1431Bulgaria Department of Clinical Immunology Medical University SofiaUniversity Hospital AlexandrovskaSofia 1431Bulgaria

AIM:To investigate the effect of adding autologous serum eye drops to the postoperative regime after amniotic membrane transplantation for severe persistent corneal ***:Forty eyes of 40 patients with persistent corneal ulcers were randomly assigned to artificial tears(sodium hyaluronate 0.2%,ATs group,n=20)or autologous serum eye drops(ASEDs,n=20)following treatment with amniotic membrane *** slit lamp images were acquired from all patients before and 30d post *** area with fibrovascular tissue was calculated using Image *** corneal sensitivity was assessed by Cochet-Bonnet aesthesiometry before and one month after *** tissue transparency was assessed with a novel optical ***:Mean age of patients was 61.65±16.47y and 57.3±19.11y in the ATs group and ASEDs group,***-two male and 18 female patients were included in the *** improvement in visual acuity was significantly greater in the ASEDs group(0.14±0.04)than the ATs(0.08±0.04;P=0.00046).Cochet-Bonnet aesthesiometry improved significantly after treatment with a similar rate between *** were no statistically significant differences in the area of postoperative fibrovascular tissue between the two groups(P=0.082).The success rate in the two groups was *** difference in densitometry between the ATs and ASEDs group was statistically significant(P=0.042)with greater reduction from baseline in the ASEDS ***:Autologous serum eye drops can lead to better visual acuity,more stable results and improved densitometry and should be considered in the postoperative care following amniotic membrane transplantation.

关键词： autologous serum amniotic membrane ocular surface persistent corneal ulcer

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