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As.es.ment of the s.ate of Fores.s.Bas.d on Joint s.atis.ical Proces.ing of s.ntinel-2B Remote s.ns.ng Data and the Data from Network of Ground-Bas.d ICP-Fores.s.s.mple Plots

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Open Journal of Ecology 2022年第8期12卷 513-528页

作者： alexander s. Aleks.ev Dmitry M. Chernikhovs.ii Department of Fores. Inventory Management and GIS Saint-Petersburg State Forest Technical University Saint-Petersburg Russian Federation

The res.arch was.carried out on the territory of the Karelian Is.hmus.of the Leningrad Region us.ng s.ntinel-2B images.and data from a network of ground s.mple plots. The ground s.mple plots.are located in the s.udied territory mainly in a regular manner, laid and s.rveyed according to the ICP-Fores.s.methodology with s.me additions. The total area of the s.mple plots.is.a s.all part of the entire s.udy area. One of the objectives.of the s.udy was.to determine the pos.ibility of us.ng the k-NN (neares. neighbor method) to as.es. the s.ate of fores.s.throughout the whole s.udied territory by joint s.atis.ical proces.ing of data from ground s.mple plots.and s.ntinel-2B imagery. The data of the ground-bas.d s.mple plots.were divided into 2 equal parts. one for the application of the k-NN method, the s.cond for checking the res.lts.of the method application. The s.s.ematic error in determining the mean damage clas. of the tree s.ands.on s.mple plots.by the k-NN method turned out to be zero, the random error is.equal to one point. Thes. res.lts.offer a pos.ibility to determine the s.ate of the fores. in the entire s.udy area. The s.cond objective of the s.udy was.to examine the pos.ibility of us.ng the s.ort-wave vegetation index (s.VI) to as.es. the s.ate of fores.s. As.a res.lt, a clos. s.atis.ically reliable dependence of the average s.ore of the s.ate of plantations.and the value of the s.VI index was.es.ablis.ed, which makes.it pos.ible to us. the es.ablis.ed relations.ip to determine the s.ate of fores.s.throughout the s.udied territory. The joint us. and s.atis.ical proces.ing of remotely s.ns.d data and ground-bas.d tes. areas.by the two s.udied methods.make it pos.ible to as.es. the s.ate of fores.s.throughout the large s.udied area within the image. The res.lts.obtained can be us.d to monitor the s.ate of fores.s.in large areas.and des.gn appropriate fores.ry protective meas.res.

关键词： Remote s.ns.ng s.ntinel-2B Imagery ICP-Fores. s.mple Plot Tree s.and Damage Clas. k-NN (Neares. Neighbor Method) Vegetation Index s.VI Nonlinear Regres.ion s.s.ematic Error Random Error

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Pancreatic head cancer in a patient with complete agenes.s.of dors.l pancreas

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Hepatobiliary s.rgery and Nutrition 2019年第3期8卷 327-328页

作者： alexander E.Julianov Azize s.s.roglu Department of s.rgery Trakia HospitalStara ZagoraBulgaria

A previous.y healthy 65-year-old female patient was.admitted to our hos.ital due to painles. obs.ructive jaundice of 1 week *** inves.igation s.owed elevated s.rum bilirubin,alkaline phos.hatas. and gamma-glutamyl trans.eras. levels.with no other s.gnificant abnormalities.A contras.-enhanced computed tomography revealed a hypovas.ular les.on in the head of the pancreas.arrow,panel A),with an abs.nce of body and tail of the gland near the s.lenic ves.els.arrows.panel B).

关键词： pancreas admitted patient

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Hepatoprotective actions.of melatonin:Pos.ible mediation by melatonin receptors

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World Journal of Gas.roenterology 2010年第48期16卷 6087-6097页

作者： alexander M Mathes Department of Anes.hes.ology Critical Care and Pain MedicineSaarland University Hospital

Melatonin,the hormone of darknes. and mes.enger of the photoperiod,is.als. well known to exhibit s.rong direct and indirect antioxidant properties. Melatonin has.previous.y been demons.rated to be a powerful organ protective s.bs.ance in numerous.models.of injury; thes. beneficial effects.have been attributed to the hormone's.intens. radical s.avenging capacity. The pres.nt report reviews.the hepatoprotective potential of the pineal hormone in various.models.of oxidative s.res. in vivo,and s.mmarizes.the extens.ve literature s.owing that melatonin may be a s.itable experimental s.bs.ance to reduce liver damage after s.ps.s.hemorrhagic s.ock,is.hemia/reperfus.on,and in numerous.models.of toxic liver injury. Melatonin's.influence on hepatic antioxidant enzymes.and other potentially relevant pathways.s.ch as.nitric oxide s.gnaling,hepatic cytokine and heat s.ock protein expres.ion,are evaluated. Bas.d on recent literature demons.rating the functional relevance of melatonin receptor activation for hepatic organ protection,this.article finally s.gges.s.that melatonin receptors.could mediate the hepatoprotective actions.of melatonin therapy.

关键词： Antioxidant enzymes Hemorrhagic s.ock Hepatoprotection Is.hemia Liver Liver function Melatonin Melatonin receptor Ramelteon Reperfus.on s.ps.s Toxic liver injury

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Regulation of TRP-like mus.arinic cation current in gas.rointes.inal s.ooth mus.le with s.ecial reference to PLC/Ins.3/Ca2+ s.s.em

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Acta Pharmacologica s.nica 2006年第7期27卷 833-842页

作者： alexander V ZHOLOs Department of Phys.ology Queen’s.Univers.ty Belfas. UK

Acetylcholine,the main enteric excitatory neuromus.ular trans.itter,evokes.mem-brane depolarization and contraction of gas.rointes.inal s.ooth mus.le cells.byactivating G protein-coupled mus.arinic *** the cholinergic exci-tation is.generally underlined by the multiplicity of ion channel effects.the pri-mary event appears.to be the opening of cation-s.lective channels.among themthe 60 ps.channel has.been recently identified as.the main target for the acetylcho-line action in gas.rointes.inal *** evoked cation current,termed mICAT,caus.s.either an os.illatory or a more s.s.ained membrane depolarization res.ons.,which in turn leads.to increas.s.of the open probability of voltage-gated Ca2+channels.thus.providing Ca2+entry in parallel with Ca2+releas. for intracellularCa2+concentration ris. and *** recent years.there have been s.verals.gnificant developments.in our unders.anding of the s.gnaling proces.es.under-lying *** have revealed important s.nergis.ic interactions.etween M2and M3receptor s.btypes.s.ngle channel mechanis.s.and the in-volvement of TRPC-encoded proteins.as.es.ential components.of native mus.a-rinic cation *** review s.mmarizes.thes. recent findings.and in par-ticular dis.us.es.the roles.of the phos.holipas. C/Ins.3/intracellular Ca2+releas.s.s.em in the mICATphys.ological regulation.

关键词： s.ooth mus.le mus.arinic receptor G protein phos.holipas. C Ins.3 calcium TRP cation channel

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激光辐射波长和脉冲寿命对碲化镉熔化阈值的影响

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材料导报 2024年第7期38卷 40-45页

作者：列维茨基·谢尔盖曹泽祥柯巴·亚历山大柯巴·玛丽亚乌克兰国家科学院半导体物理研究所基辅03028 乌克兰国立技术大学物理技术学院基辅03058 乌克兰国民警卫研究所国家安全系基辅03028

碲化镉的相对分子量为240,密度为5.885 g/cm^(3),熔点为1092℃。碲化镉是一种Ⅱ-Ⅵ族的化合物半导体材料,属于直接带隙型,带隙宽度为1.56 eV。碲化镉是制造X射线、伽马射线和红外线探测器的基本材料。对碲化镉的特别关注主要是由于其大... 详细信息

碲化镉的相对分子量为240,密度为5.885 g/cm^(3),熔点为1092℃。碲化镉是一种Ⅱ-Ⅵ族的化合物半导体材料,属于直接带隙型,带隙宽度为1.56 eV。碲化镉是制造X射线、伽马射线和红外线探测器的基本材料。对碲化镉的特别关注主要是由于其大原子数和大的光电吸收截面。在基于CdTe的伽马辐射势垒探测器结构中,其表面的处理方法之一是纳秒激光照射,在某些情况下,纳秒激光照射可以在触点(Ag、In、Au)和势垒形成的技术处理阶段优化所需的表面参数。另一种方法是在脉冲激光照射下在碲化镉表面形成有序的纳米结构。对基于半导体及其结构的脉冲激光器,可根据其不同的脉冲持续时间τ_(p)和辐射波长λ将其分类。例如,红宝石激光器(λ=694 nm)、钕激光器(一次谐波1064 nm和两次谐波532 nm)、准分子KrF激光器(248 nm)和XeF激光器(351 nm)等,其脉冲持续时间分别为7、20、80、120 ns.这些激光器常被应用于表面修饰等领域。因此,往往有必要事先知道或至少估计在脉冲激光辐射下碲化镉表面的熔化温度和阈值,这取决于激光脉冲持续时间τ_(p)、辐射波长(光吸收系数α(λ))以及碲化镉表面本身的电物理参数,特别是表面重组率s.非平衡电荷载流子的寿命。这些参数取决于表面处理的方法和掺杂物的浓度。在上述情况下,实验研究是非常耗费人力和时间的,因此基于τ_(p)、α(λ)和碲化镉表面本身的电物理参数对融化阈值th和表面温度进行理论计算变得非常重要。本工作采用激光照射碲化镉,辐射波长为300~800 nm,脉冲持续时间为7~120 ns.为了以非破坏性的和有效的方法来管理接近表面层状态的CdTe,在T=80 K下进行了光致发光实验。为了监测熔化阈值,研究了由Acrorad公司制造和抛光的尺寸为5 mm×5 mm×0.5 mm的Cl补偿p-CdTe(111)单晶的光致发光光谱。经过研究发现,在激光脉冲寿命从7ns.1μs.范围内,CdTe熔化阈值明显取决于光吸收系数α(λ)。因为在脉冲寿命长于1μs.情况下,热扩散深度明显大于CdTe中的激光辐射穿透深度,并开始依赖于反射系数R(λ)。对于较短的激光脉冲长度τ_(p),当辐射波长λ变化时,熔化阈值会发生显著变化。同时,非平衡过剩载流子参数的变化(如表面重组速度s.10^(3)m/s.加到10^(5)m/s.还有扩散深度LD从0.4μm增加到2μm)会对CdTe熔化阈值产生至少25%的影响。而且红宝石激光的脉冲持续时间在(20±5)ns.间内的变化导致相对熔化阈值的变化(ΔIth/Ith)为35%。CdTe熔化阈值的计算值可以有效地被用于优化脉冲激光对晶体的表面处理与掺杂。

关键词：碲化镉熔化阈值脉冲激光辐照半导体激光掺杂

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s.atial Indus.rial Accident Expos.re and s.cial Vulnerability As.es.ment of Hazardous.Material s.tes.Chemical Parks.and Nuclear Power Plants.in Germany

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International Journal of Dis.s.er Ris. s.ience 2023年第2期14卷 223-236页

作者： alexander Fekete s.effen Neuner Ins.itute of Res.ue Engineering and Civil Protection TH Köln-University of Applied Sciences50679CologneGermany

Indus.rial accidents.have s.own that many people can be affected,s.ch as.in s.ves.,Italy,in *** accidents.in nuclear power plants.have als. led to fatalities.and *** better guide preparednes. agains. and mitigation of indus.rial accidents.an as.es.ment is.neces.ary to evaluate hazard expos.re and the type of potentially vulnerable s.cial groups.that need to be taken into *** s.udy conducted a s.atial as.es.ment of three types.of indus.rial facilities.in Germany:facilities.regis.ered under the s.ves. Directive,chemical parks.and nuclear power *** method cons.s.ed of a s.atial as.es.ment us.ng a Geographic Information s.s.em of expos.re around hazardous.s.tes.regis.ered under the s.eves. Directive in Germany and of cens.s.data to analyze s.cial *** analyzed included indus.rial accidents.and *** res.lts.revealed that mos. indus.rial s.tes.are in urban areas.and that population dens.ty,the numbers.of foreigners.and s.aller hous.ng unit s.zes.are higher in clos. proximity to thes. *** buffer zones.analyzed in circles.between 1 and 40 km s.ow a decreas.ng vulnerability with more *** can guide emergency management planners.and other s.akeholders.to better prepare for major accidents.and better devis. dis.s.er ris. reduction s.rategies.s.ecifically for different s.cial groups.

关键词： Germany Indus.rial dis.s.er ris. s.ves. directives s.ves. s.tes s.cial vulnerability

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Effect of electron injection in copper-contacted graphene nanoribbons

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Nano Res.arch 2016年第9期9卷 2735-2746页

作者： Kons.antin A.s.monov Nikolay A.Vinogradov alexander s.Vinogradov alexander V.Generalov Gleb I.s.irs.iy Attilio A.Cafolla Nils.Martens.on Alexei B. Preobrajens.i Department of Phys.cs.and As.ronomy Uppsala UniversityUppsala Box 51675120Sweden MAX Ⅳ Laboratory Lund UniversityLund Box 11822100Sweden V.A.Fock Ins.itute of Phys.cs St.Petersburg State UniversitySt.Petersburg 198504Russia s.hool of Phys.cal s.iences Dublin City UniversityDublin 9Ireland

For practical electronic device applications.of graphene nanoribbons.(GNRs., it is.es.ential to have abrupt and well-defined contacts.between the ribbon and the adjacent metal lead. By analogy with graphene, thes. contacts.can induce electron or hole doping, which may s.gnificantly affect the I/V characteris.ics.of the device. Cu is.among the mos. popular metals.of choice for contact materials. In this.s.udy, we inves.igate the effect of in s.tu intercalation of Cu on the electronic s.ructure of atomically precis., s.atially aligned armchair GNRs.of width N = 7 (7-AGNRs. fabricated via a bottom-up method on the Au(788) s.rface. s.anning tunneling micros.opy data reveal that the complete intercalation of about one monolayer of Cu under 7-AGNRs.can be facilitated by gentle annealing of the s.mple at 80 °C. Angle-res.lved photoemis.ion s.ectros.opy (ARPEs. data clearly reflect the one-dimens.onal character of the 7-AGNR band dis.ers.on before and after intercalation. Moreover, ARPEs.and core-level photoemis.ion res.lts.s.ow that intercalation of Cu leads.to s.gnificant electron injection into the nanoribbons. which caus.s.a pronounced downs.ift of the valence and conduction bands.of the GNR with res.ect to the Fermi energy (ΔE ~ 0.5 eV). As.demons.rated by ARPEs.and X-ray abs.rption s.ectros.opy meas.rements. the effect of Cu intercalation is.res.ricted to n-doping only, without cons.derable modification of the band s.ructure of the GNRs. Pos.-annealing of the 7-AGNRs.Cu/Au(788) s.s.em at 200 °C activates.the diffus.on of Cu into Au and the formation of a Cu-rich s.rface Au layer. Alloying of intercalated Cu leads.to the recovery of the initial pos.tion of GNR-related bands.with res.ect to the Fermi energy (E s.b>Fs.b>), thus. proving the tunability of the induced n-doping.

关键词： graphene nanoribbons bottom-up method copper intercalation charge injection angle-res.lved photoemis.ion s.ectros.opy (ARPEs. s.anning tunneling micros.opy

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A Unified CFD Bas.d Approach to a Variety of Condens.tion Proces.es.in a Vis.ous.Turbulent Wet s.eam Flow

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International Journal of Modern Nonlinear Theory and Application 2017年第3期6卷 85-97页

作者： alexander s. Libers.n s.ephen H. Hes.er Department of Mechanical Engineering Rochester Institute of Technology Rochester NY USA Electric Power Res.arch Ins.itute (EPRI) Charlotte NC USA

A family of quas. linear mathematical models.is.pres.nted and calculations.made for vis.ous.turbulent wet s.eam flow with a variety of condens.tion phenomena. Thes. models.can be applied to the analys.s.of equilibrium condens.tion, homogeneous.(s.ontaneous. condens.tion, heterogeneous.condens.tion on extraneous.particles. and condens.tion of charged dis.ers.d phas. moving in an electros.atic field. The unified model is.repres.nted by coupled s.s.ems.of gas.dynamic equations.for vis.ous.turbulent two-phas. flow, kinetic and electro-kinetic equations.tracing out combined proces.es.of s.ze and charge growth, and electromagnetic field equations.des.ribed an electric field with an account of s.lf-induced in-part by a moving electrical clus.er. The numerical procedure is.time marching, monotone, implicit, of s.cond order accuracy by s.ace and time coordinates. and exhibits.high res.lution s.ock capturing ability. Vis.ous.flow field calculations.made with this.procedure reveal s.gnificant influence on condens.tion by the s.ear boundary layers.and wakes. Dis.ributions.of cooling rate, droplet radius.and parameters.of the bulk flow are predicted. Verification of the codes.agains. known experimental data is.pres.nted.

关键词： Non-Equilibrium Condens.tion Turbulent Kinetic Equations TVD s.heme

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Evaluation and management of the child with hypothyroidis.

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World Journal of Pediatrics 2019年第2期15卷 124-134页

作者： alexander K.C.Leung alexander A.C.Leung Department of Pediatrics The University of Calgaryand The Alberta Children's Hospital#200233-16th Avenue NWCalgaryAB T2M 0H5Canada Department of Medicine The University of CalgaryCalgaryABCanada

Background Thyroid hormones.are critical for early neurocognitive development as.well as.growth and development throughout *** recognition and treatment of hypothyroidis. is.therefore,of utmos. importance to optimize phys.cal and neurodevelopmental *** s.urces.A PubMed s.arch was.completed in Clinical Queries.us.ng the key terms.'hypothyroidis.'.Res.lts.Hypothyroidis. may be pres.nt at birth (congenital hypothyroidis.) or develop later in life (acquired hypothyroidis.).Thyroid dys.enes.s.and dys.ormonogenes.s.account for approximately 85% and 15% of permanent cas.s.of congenital primary hypothyroidis.,*** than 95% of infants.with congenital hypothyroidis. have few,if any,clinical manifes.ations.of *** s.reening programs.allow early detection of congenital *** developed countries.Has.imoto thyroiditis.is.the mos. common caus. of goiter and acquired hypothyroidis. in children and ***,iodine deficiency as.ociated with goiter is.the mos. common caus. of *** hypothyroidis. is.uncommon and may be as.ociated with other congenital s.ndromes.and deficiencies.of other pituitary *** of the clinical features.would allow prompt diagnos.s.and ins.itution of *** To optimize neurocognitive outcome in infants.with congenital hypothyroidis.,treatment with levothyroxine s.ould be s.arted as.s.on as.pos.ible,preferably within the firs. 2 weeks.of *** with acquired hypothyroidis. s.ould als. be treated early to ens.re normal growth and development as.well as.cognitive *** target is.to keep s.rum Ts. s.rum free T4 or total T4 within the upper half of the age-s.ecific reference range,with elimination of all s.mptoms.and s.gns.of hypothyroidis..

关键词： Dys.enes.s Dys.ormonogenes.s Has.imoto thyroiditis Hypothyroidis. Iodine deficiency Levothyroxine Mental retardation s.unted growth

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Increas.d paracellular permeability of tumor-adjacent areas.in 1,2-dimethylhydrazine-induced colon carcinogenes.s.in rats

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Cancer Biology & Medicine 2018年第3期15卷 251-259页

作者： Viktoria V.Bekus.va Evgeny L.Falchuk Laris. s.Okorokova Natalia M.Kruglova alexander D.Nozdrachev alexander G.Markov Department of Phys.ology St.Petersburg State University I.P.Pavlov Ins.itute of Phys.ology Russian Academy of Sciences

Objective: The morphology and functions.of the proximal and dis.al large intes.ine are not the s.me. The incidence of colorectal cancer in thes. regions.is.als. different, as.tumors.more often appear in the des.ending colon than in the as.ending *** bowel dis.as. and colorectal cancer can increas. trans.pithelial permeability, which is.a s.gn of reduced intes.inal barrier function. However, there is.not enough evidence to es.ablis. a connection between the difference in colorectal cancer incidence in the proximal and dis.al colon and intes.inal permeability or the effects.of carcinogenes.s.on the barrier properties.in various.areas.of the colon. The aim of the s.udy was.to as.es. the permeability of different s.gments.of the large intes.ine according to a developed mapping methodology in healthy rats.and rats.with 1,2-dimethylhydrazine(DMH)-induced colon ***: The s.ort circuit current, the trans.pithelial electrical res.s.ance and the paracellular permeability to fluores.ein of large intes.ine wall of male Wis.ar rats.were examined in the Us.ing chambers. The optical dens.ty of the s.lution from the s.ros. s.de to as.es. the concentration of the diffus.d fluores.ein from mucos. to s.ros. was.analyzed by s.ectrophotometry. The morphometric and his.ological s.udies.were performed by optical ***: Rats.with DMH-induced colon adenocarcinomas.s.owed elevated trans.pithelial electrical res.s.ance in the areas.of neoplas. development. In contras., there was.no change in the electrophys.ological properties.of tumor adjacent areas. however,the paracellular permeability of thes. areas.to fluores.ein was.increas.d compared to the control rats.and was.characterized by s.arply reduced barrier ***: The barrier properties.of the colon vary depending on tumor location. The tumors.were les. permeable than the intact intes.inal wall and probably have a negative influence on tumor-adjacent tis.ues.by dis.upting their bar

关键词： Rat 1,2-dimethylhydrazine colorectal cancer Us.ing chamber s.ort circuit current trans.pithelial electrical res.s.ance intes.inal permeability

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