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Alterations in the polysialylated neural cell adhesion molecule and retinal ganglion cell density in mice with diabetic retinopathy

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International journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2018年第10期11卷 1608-1615页

作者： Natalia Lobanovskaya Monika jürgenson Anu Aonurm-Helm alexander Zharkovsky Department of Pharmacology Centre of Excellence for Translational Medicine University of Tartu

AIM：To investigate the impact of polysialylated neural cell adhesion molecule（PSA-NCAM）on the survival of retinal ganglion cells（RGCs）in the experimentally induced diabetes in ***：Diabetes was induced in 2.5 months old Swiss Webster mice by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin（STZ,90 mg/kg）once daily for two consecutive *** of the proteins of interest in the retinas from diabetic mice at 2mo after diabetes induction was performed using immunohistochemistry and Western blot *** were counted in the wholemounted retinas,and Brn3a marker was ***：Examination of retinas from diabetic mice at 2mo after diabetes induction revealed a considerable reduction in RGC *** experiments also demonstrated a redistribution of PSA-NCAM in the retina of diabetic ***-NCAM immunoreactivity was diminished in the inner part of the retina where RGCs were *** contrast,an enhanced PSA-NCAM immunoreactivity was detected in the outer layers of the ***-NCAM signal was co-localized with glial fibrillary acidic protein immunoreactivity in the Müller cell *** studies have shown that matrix metalloproteinase-9（MMP-9）is responsible for the reduction in PSA-NCAM levels in neuronal *** reduced levels of PSA-NCAM in inner layers（nerve fiber layer,ganglion cell layer）were accompanied by the increased expression of *** contrast,in the outer retinal layers,the expression of MMP-9 was much less ***：MMP-9 induces PSA-NCAM shedding in the inner part of the retina and the decreased level of PSA-NCAM in the inner part of the retina might be,at least in part,responsible for the loss of RGCs in diabetic mice.

关键词： diabetic retinopathy matrix metalloproteinase-9 polysialylated neural cell adhesion molecule retinal ganglion cells

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Parametric study on smoothed particle hydrodynamics for accurate determination of drag coefficient for a circular cylinder

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Water Science and Engineering 2017年第2期10卷 143-153页

作者： Maziar Gholami Korzani Sergio A. Galindo-Torres alexander Scheuermann David j. Williams School of Civil Engineering The University of Queensland St Lucia Brisbane QLD 4072 Australia School of Mathematics and Physics The University of Queensland St Lucia Brisbane QLD 4072 Australia

Simulations of two-dimensional(2D) flow past a circular cylinder with the smoothed particle hydrodynamics(SPH) method were conducted in order to accurately determine the drag coefficient. The fluid was modeled as a viscous liquid with weak compressibility. Boundary conditions,such as a no-slip solid wall, inflow and outflow, and periodic boundaries, were employed to resemble the physical problem. A sensitivity analysis, which has been rarely addressed in previous studies, was conducted on several SPH parameters. Hence, the effects of distinct parameters, such as the kernel choices and the domain dimensions, were investigated with the goal of obtaining highly accurate results. A range of Reynolds numbers(1-500) was simulated, and the results were compared with existing experimental data. It was observed that the domain dimensions and the resolution of SPH particles, in comparison to the obstacle size, affected the obtained drag coefficient significantly. Other parameters, such as the background pressure, influenced the transient condition, but did not influence the steady state at which the drag coefficient was determined.

关键词： Smoothed particle hydrodynamics Drag coefficient Reynolds number Sensitivity analysis Viscous flow

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Comment on“Hole-pinned defect-dipoles induced colossal permittivity in Bi doped SrTiO_(3)ceramics with Sr deficiency”

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journal of Materials Science & Technology 2021年第6期65卷 151-153页

作者： alexander Tkach Olena Okhay CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials Department of Materials and Ceramic EngineeringUniversity ofAveiroAveiro3810-193Portugal Centre for Mechanical Technology and Automation(TEMA) Department of Mechanical EngineeringUniversity of AveiroAveiro3810-193Portugal

With this contribution,as a comment to the publication in journal of Mate rials Science&Technology 44(2020)54,reporting giant dielectric response,structural characterization and numerical simulations in Sr_(1-1.5 x)Bi_xTiO_(3)ceramics,we show that the re ported results are rather contradicting and not well analysed,while the suggested mechanism for the giant permittivity response is not valid or doubtful and has to be ***,many details and data are missing making impossible not only to call the obtained results very suitable for practical application but even to reproduce them.

关键词： SrTiO_(3)ceramics Doped dielectrics Perovskite structure Giant permittivity

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Geophysical criterion of pre-outburst coal outsqueezing from the face space into the working

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International journal of Mining Science and Technology 2019年第3期29卷 499-506页

作者： alexander Shadrin Yuliya Diyuk Federal State Budget Scientific Institution The Federal Research Center of Coal and Coal Chemistry of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences

The initial process of coal and gas sudden outburst is studied in the article when under the influence of rock and gas pressure the part of a coal seam layer(a coal section)is squeezed out from the mouth of the future outburst cavity in a jump-like manner into the ***-mechanical criterion for a part of a coal seam layer outsqueezing in the form of the relation of active(squeezing out)and passive(preventing the outsqueezing)forces is defined in the *** on it,the geophysical criterion is defined by expressing basic physical parameters through geo-physical ones:the current stress is defined by spectral-acoustic method through the ratio of high frequency and low-frequency components of an acoustic signal,which is generated into a face working space by the mining equipment operating in the face;in-situ gas pressure is defined by gas analytical method by the concentration of methane in the atmosphere of the working;the strength of the most broken coal layer is defined by a strength measuring device(a device for measuring the depth of a steal cone punched into the coal by a spring mechanism).This paper studies the influence of acoustic,strength and filtrating and collecting properties of a face working space on the limit value of an obtained geophysical criterion of pre-outburst squeezing of a coal‘‘plug”out of the mouth of the future outburst cavity into the working.

关键词： Block-like structure Criterion of a coal section outsqueezing Spectral-acoustic method Stress condition Coal strength property In-situ gas pressure Aero and gas control equipment Methane concentration

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Return to sport following tibial plateau fractures: A systematic review

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World journal of Orthopedics 2017年第7期8卷 574-587页

作者： Greg A j Robertson Seng j Wong alexander M Wood Edinburgh Orthopaedic Trauma Unit Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh Orthopaedic Department Leeds General Infirmary

AIM To systemically review all studies reporting return to sport following tibial plateau fracture, in order to provide information on return rates and times to sport, and to assess variations in sporting outcome for different treatment *** A systematic search of CINAHAL, Cochrane, EMBASE, Google Scholar, MEDLINE, PEDro, Scopus, SPORTDiscus and Web of Science was performed in january 2017 using the keywords "tibial", "plateau", "fractures", "knee", "athletes", "sports", "non-operative", "conservative", "operative", "return to sport". All studies which recorded return rates and times to sport following tibial plateau fractures were included. RESULTS Twenty-seven studies were included: 1 was a randomised controlled trial, 7 were prospective cohort studies, 16 were retrospective cohort studies, 3 were case series. One study reported on the outcome of conservative management(n = 3); 27 reported on the outcome of surgical management(n = 917). Nine studies reported on Open Reduction Internal Fixation(ORIF)(n = 193), 11 on Arthroscopic-Assisted Reduction Internal Fixation(ARIF)(n = 253) and 7 on Frame-Assisted Fixation(FRAME)(n = 262). All studies recorded "return to sport"rates. Only one study recorded a "return to sport" time. The return rate to sport for the total cohort was 70%. For the conservatively-managed fractures, the return rate was 100%. For the surgically-managed fractures, the return rate was 70%. For fractures managed with ORIF, the return rate was 60%. For fractures managed with ARIF, the return rate was 83%. For fractures managed with FRAME was 52%. The return rate for ARIF was found to be significantly greater than that for ORIF(OR 3.22, 95%CI: 2.09-4.97, P < 0.001) and for FRAME(OR 4.33, 95%CI: 2.89-6.50, P < 0.001). No difference was found between the return rates for ORIF and FRAME(OR 1.35, 95%CI: 0.92-1.96, P = 0.122). The recorded return time was 6.9 mo(median), from a study reporting on *** Return rates to sport for tibial pl

关键词： Tibial Plateau Fracture Knee Return Sport Rate Time

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Congenital left ventricular aneurysms and diverticula： an entity in search of an identity

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journal of Geriatric Cardiology 2017年第12期14卷 750-762页

作者： Marc-alexander Ohlow Heart Center Department of Cardiology Zentralklinik Bad Berka Germany

Congenital left ventricular aneurysm or diverticulum are rare cardiac malformations described in 809 cases since the first description in 1816, being associated with other cardiac, vascular or thoraco-abdominal abnormalities in about 70%. It appears to be a developmental anomaly, starting in the 4th embryonic week. In an experimental study, targeted knockdown of cardiac troponin T in the chick was performed at day 3, after the heart tube has formed. Morpholino treatment of gene TNNT2 at this stage led to the development of left ventricular diver- ticula （LVD） in the primitive left ventricular wall. Diagnosis of left ventricular aneurysms （LVA）/LVD can be made after exclusion of coro- nary artery disease, local or systemic inflammation or traumatic causes as well as cardiomyopathies. Clinically, most of LVA and LVD are asymptomatic or may cause systemic embolization, congestive heart failure, valvular regurgitation, ventricular wall rupture, ventricular tachycardia or sudden cardiac death. Diagnosis is established by imaging studies （echocardiography, magnetic resonance imaging or left ventricular angiography） visualizing the structural changes and accompanying abnormalities. Mode of treatment has to be individually tai- lored and depends on clinical presentation, accompanying abnormalities and possible complications, options include surgical resection （espe- cially in symptomatic patients）, anticoagulation after systemic embolization, radiofrequency ablation or implantation of an implantable car- dioverter defibrillator （ICD） in case of symptomatic ventricular tachycardias, and occasionally combined with class I- or III-antiarrhythmic drugs. Cardiac death occurs usually in childhood, is significantly more frequent in LVA patients and caused by congestive heart failure in most of the cases, whereas patients diagnosed with LVD died more frequently from rupture of the LVD.

关键词： Aneurysm Congenital Diverticulum Left ventricular Prognosis Therapy

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Regulation of TRP-like muscarinic cation current in gastrointestinal smooth muscle with special reference to PLC/InsP3/Ca2+ system

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Acta Pharmacologica Sinica 2006年第7期27卷 833-842页

作者： alexander V ZHOLOS Department of Physiology Queen’s University Belfast UK

Acetylcholine,the main enteric excitatory neuromuscular transmitter,evokes mem-brane depolarization and contraction of gastrointestinal smooth muscle cells byactivating G protein-coupled muscarinic *** the cholinergic exci-tation is generally underlined by the multiplicity of ion channel effects,the pri-mary event appears to be the opening of cation-selective channels;among themthe 60 pS channel has been recently identified as the main target for the acetylcho-line action in gastrointestinal *** evoked cation current,termed mICAT,causes either an oscillatory or a more sustained membrane depolarization response,which in turn leads to increases of the open probability of voltage-gated Ca2+channels,thus providing Ca2+entry in parallel with Ca2+release for intracellularCa2+concentration rise and *** recent years there have been severalsignificant developments in our understanding of the signaling processes under-lying *** have revealed important synergistic interactionsbetween M2and M3receptor subtypes,single channel mechanisms,and the in-volvement of TRPC-encoded proteins as essential components of native musca-rinic cation *** review summarizes these recent findings and in par-ticular discusses the roles of the phospholipase C/InsP3/intracellular Ca2+releasesystem in the mICATphysiological regulation.

关键词： smooth muscle muscarinic receptor G protein phospholipase C InsP3 calcium TRP cation channel

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Double negative T cells,a potential biomarker for systemic lupus erythematosus

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Precision Clinical Medicine 2020年第1期3卷 34-43页

作者： jessy j.alexander alexander jacob Anthony Chang Richard j.Quigg james N.jarvis Department of Pathology University of ChicagoChicagoIL 60637USA Departments of Medicine PediatricsJacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences and GeneticsGenomics&Bioinformatics ProgramUniversity at BuffaloBuffaloNY 14203USA

Systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE)is an autoimmune disease that is a challenge to diagnose and *** is an urgent need for biomarkers to help define organ involvement,and more effective therapies.A unique population of T cells,the CD3^(+)CD4^(−)CD8^(−)(DNeg)cells,is significantly increased in lupus *** cases(53%)of pediatric SLE patients had elevated DNeg cells in their peripheral blood,which correlated with kidney function(R^(2)=0.54).Significant infiltration of DNeg cells was observed in both adult and pediatric lupus kidneys by *** the first time,this study provides direct evidence that DNeg cells facilitate kidney injury in preclinical 8-week-old MRL/lpr lupus *** lupus mice,the increase in DNeg cells tracked with worsening disease and correlated with kidney function(R^(2)=0.85).Our results show that DNeg cells per se can cause kidney dysfunction,increase in number with increase in disease pathology,and could serve as a potential biomarker.

关键词： CD3^(+)CD4^(−)CD8^(−)T cells glomerulonephritis inflammation lupus

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Failed biliary cannulation: Clinical and technical outcomes after tertiary referral endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography

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World journal of Gastroenterology 2011年第45期17卷 4993-4998页

作者： Michael P Swan Michael j Bourke Stephen j Williams Sina alexander Alan Moss Rick Hope David Ruppin Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Westmead Hospital

AIM: Prospective evaluation of repeat endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) for failed Schutz grade 1 biliary cannulation in a high-volume center. METHODS: Prospective intention-to-treat analysis of patients referred for biliary cannulation following recent unsuccessful ERCP. RESULTS: Fifty-one patients (35 female; mean age: 62.5 years; age range: 40-87 years) with previous failed biliary cannulation were referred for repeat ERCP. The indication for ERCP was primarily choledocholithiasis (45%) or pancreatic malignancy (18%). Successful biliary can- nulation was 100%. The precut needle knife sphincterotomy (NKS) rate was 27.4%. Complications occurred in 3.9% (post-ERCP pancreatitis). An identif iable reason for initial unsuccessful biliary cannulation was present in 55% of cases. Compared to a cohort of 940 nave pa-pilla patients (female 61%; mean age: 59.9 years; age range: 18-94 years) who required sphincterotomy over the same time period, there was no statistical difference in the cannulation success rate (100% vs 98%) or postERCP pancreatitis (3.1% vs 3.9%). Precut NKS use was more frequent (27.4% vs 12.7%) (P = 0.017). CONCLUSION: Referral to a high-volume center following unsuccessful ERCP is associated with high technical success, with a favorable complication rate, compared to routine ERCP procedures.

关键词： Failed endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography Failed biliary cannulation Unsuccessful biliary cannulation Tertiary referral endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography Needle knife sphincterotomy Biliary cannulation Precut sphincterotomy Post endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography pancreatitis

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Assessing the Impact of Catastrophic Electricity Loss on the Food Supply Chain

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International journal of Disaster Risk Science 2024年第4期15卷 481-493页

作者： Simon Blouin alexander Herwix Morgan Rivers Ross j.Tieman David C.Denkenberger Alliance to Feed the Earth in Disasters(ALLFED) LafayetteCO 80026USA Cologne Institute for Information Systems University of Cologne50969 CologneGermany Department of Mechanical Engineering University of CanterburyChristchurch 8041New Zealand

The food supply chain's heavy reliance on electricity poses significant vulnerabilities in the event of prolonged and widespread power disruptions. This study introduces a system-dynamics model that integrates five critical infrastructures-electric grid, liquid fossil fuels, Internet, transportation, and human workforce-to evaluate the resilience of food supply chains to major power outages. We validated the model using the 2019 Venezuelan blackouts as a case study, demonstrating its predictive validity. We then explored how more extreme electricity losses would disrupt the supply chain. More specifically, we modeled the impact of a large-scale cyberattack on the US electric grid and a high-altitude electromagnetic pulse(HEMP)event. A cyberattack severely damaging the US electric grid and allowing for recovery within a few weeks or months would lead to substantial drops in food consumption. However, it would likely still be possible to provide adequate calories to everyone, assuming that food is equitably distributed. In contrast, a year-long recovery from a HEMP event affecting most of the continental United States could precipitate a state of famine. Our analysis represents a first attempt at quantifying how food availability progressively worsens as power outages extend over time. Our open-source model is made publicly available, and we encourage its application to other catastrophic scenarios beyond those specifically considered in this work(for example, extreme solar storms, high-lethality pandemics).

关键词： Cyberattack Electricity Food supply chains Global catastrophic risk High-altitude electromagnetic pulse System dynamics

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