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Treating amyotrophic lateral sclerosis with allogeneic Schwann cell-derived exosomal vesicles: a case report

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第4期20卷 1207-1216页

作者： Pascal j.Goldschmidt-Clermont Aisha Khan George j.msheleishvili Patricia Graham Adriana Brooks Risset Silvera alexander j.P.Goldschmidt Damien D.Pearse W.Dalton Dietrich Allan D.Levi j.mes D.Guest Miller School of Medicine University of MiamiMiamiFLUSA Stem Cell Institute Miller School of MedicineUniversity of MiamiMiamiFLUSA The Miami Proj.ct to Cure Paralysis Miller School of MedicineUniversity of MiamiMiamiFLUSA Alzady International LLC MiamiFLUSA Neurological Surgery Miller School of MedicineUniversity of MiamiMiamiFLUSA

Schwann cells are essential for the maintenance and function of motor neurons,axonal networks,and the neuromuscular *** amyotrophic lateral sclerosis,where motor neuron function is progressively lost,Schwann cell function may also be ***,important signaling and potential trophic activities of Schwann cell-derived exosomal vesicles have been *** case report describes the treatment of a patient with advanced amyotrophic lateral sclerosis using serial intravenous infusions of allogeneic Schwann cell-derived exosomal vesicles,marking,to our knowledge,the first instance of such *** 81-year-old male patient presented with a 1.5-year history of rapidly progressive amyotrophic lateral *** initial diagnosis,the patient underwent a combination of generic riluzole,sodium phenylbutyrate for the treatment of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis,and *** patient volunteered to participate in an FDA-approved single-patient expanded access treatment and received weekly intravenous infusions of allogeneic Schwann cell-derived exosomal vesicles to potentially restore impaired Schwann cell and motor neuron *** confirmed that cultured Schwann cells obtained from the amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patient via sural nerve biopsy appeared impaired(senescent)and that exposure of the patient’s Schwann cells to allogeneic Schwann cell-derived exosomal vesicles,cultured expanded from a cadaver donor improved their growth capacity in *** a period of observation lasting 10 weeks,during which amyotrophic lateral sclerosis Functional Rating Scale-Revised and pulmonary function were regularly monitored,the patient received weekly consecutive infusions of 1.54×1012(×2),and then consecutive infusions of 7.5×1012(×6)allogeneic Schwann cell-derived exosomal vesicles diluted in 40 mL of Dulbecco’s phosphate-buffered *** of the infusions were associated with adverse events such as infusion reactions(allergic or otherwise)or

关键词： allogeneic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis exosomes infusion neuromuscular j.nction Schwann cell

Tipping points among social learners： Tools from varied disciplines

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Current Zoology 2012年第2期58卷 298-306页

作者： R. alexander BENTLEY Michael j. O＇BRIEN Department of Archaeology and Anthropology University of Bristol Bristol BS8 1UU UK Department of Anthropology University of Missouri Columbia MO 65211 USA

There is a long and rich tradition in the social sciences of using models of collective behavior in animals as j.mp- ing-off points for the study of human behavior, including collective human behavior. Here, we come at the problem in a slightly different fashion. We ask whether models of collective human behavior have anything to offer those who study animal behavior. Our brief example of tipping points, a model first developed in the physical sciences and later used in the social sciences, suggests that the analysis of human collective behavior does indeed have considerable to offer

关键词： Networks Social learning Thresholds Time series Tipping points

Parametric study on smoothed particle hydrodynamics for accurate determination of drag coefficient for a circular cylinder

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Water Science and Engineering 2017年第2期10卷 143-153页

作者： Maziar Gholami Korzani Sergio A. Galindo-Torres alexander Scheuermann David j. Williams School of Civil Engineering The University of Queensland St Lucia Brisbane QLD 4072 Australia School of Mathematics and Physics The University of Queensland St Lucia Brisbane QLD 4072 Australia

Simulations of two-dimensional(2D) flow past a circular cylinder with the smoothed particle hydrodynamics(SPH) method were conducted in order to accurately determine the drag coefficient. The fluid was modeled as a viscous liquid with weak compressibility. Boundary conditions,such as a no-slip solid wall, inflow and outflow, and periodic boundaries, were employed to resemble the physical problem. A sensitivity analysis, which has been rarely addressed in previous studies, was conducted on several SPH parameters. Hence, the effects of distinct parameters, such as the kernel choices and the domain dimensions, were investigated with the goal of obtaining highly accurate results. A range of Reynolds numbers(1-500) was simulated, and the results were compared with existing experimental data. It was observed that the domain dimensions and the resolution of SPH particles, in comparison to the obstacle size, affected the obtained drag coefficient significantly. Other parameters, such as the background pressure, influenced the transient condition, but did not influence the steady state at which the drag coefficient was determined.

关键词： Smoothed particle hydrodynamics Drag coefficient Reynolds number Sensitivity analysis Viscous flow

Insights into the efficiency and stability of Cu-based nanowires for electrocatalytic oxygen evolution

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Nano Research 2018年第8期11卷 4323-4332页

作者： j.n Yu Qi Cao Bin Feng Changli Li j.ngyuan Liu j. Kenj. clark j.an-j.cques Delaunay Department of Mechanical Engineering The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-8656 Japan Institute of Engineering Innovation The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-8656 Japan School of Materials Science and Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China Department of Chemical System Engineering The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-8656 Japan

Copper oxide nanowires with varying oxidation states are prepared and their activity for water oxidation is studied. The nanowires with a CuO phase are found to be the most active, and their degree of crystallinity is important in achieving efficient water oxidation. For the crystalline CuO nanowires in a weakly basic Na2CO3 electrolyte, a Tafel slope of 41 mV/decade, an overpotential of approximately 500 mV at - 10 mA/crn2 （without compensation for the solution resistance）, and a faradaic efficiency of nearly 100% are obtained. This electrode maintains a stable current for over 15 lx The low overpotential of 500 mV at 10 mA/cm2, small Tafel slope, long-term stability, and low cost make CuO one of the most promising catalysts for water oxidation. Moreover, the evolution of the CuO nanowire morphology over time is studied by electron microscop）-revealing that the diffusion of Cu ions from the interior of the nanowires to their surface causes the aggregation of individual nanowires over time. However, despite this aggregation, the current density remains nearly constant, because the total electrochemically active surface area of CuO does not change.

关键词： oxygen evolution reaction crystalline CuO active phase copper ion diffusion

A New Formulation of Maxwell’s Equations in Clifford Algebra

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j.urnal of Applied Mathematics and Physics 2017年第8期5卷 1575-1588页

作者： Pirooz Mohazzabi Norbert j. Wielenberg Gary clark alexander Department of Mathematics and Physics University of Wisconsin-Parkside Kenosha WI USA Department of Mathematical Sciences DePaul University Chicago IL USA

A new unification of the Maxwell equations is given in the domain of Clifford algebras with in a fashion similar to those obtained with Pauli and Dirac algebras. It is shown that the new electromagnetic field multivector can be obtained from a potential function that is closely related to the scalar and the vector potentials of classical electromagnetics. Additionally it is shown that the gauge transformations of the new multivector and its potential function and the Lagrangian density of the electromagnetic field are in agreement with the transformation rules of the second-rank antisymmetric electromagnetic field tensor, in contrast to the results obtained by applying other versions of Clifford algebras.

关键词： Clifford Algebra Maxwell’s Equations Electromagnetism Vector Potential

Physical Characteristics Explain Ball-Carrying Capability in Sub-Elite Rugby Union Players

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j.urnal of Science in Sport and Exercise 2023年第3期5卷 244-253页

作者： alexander S.Hart Robert M.Erskine Tom j.Mclaughlin David R.clark School of Sport and Exercise Science Liverpool John Moores UniversityL33AF LiverpoolUK Ealing Trailfinders Rugby Club LondonUK Institute of Sport Exercise and HealthUniversity College LondonLondonUK

Purpose The aims of the present study were two-fold:(i)to investigate the relationship between physical characteristics and the game statistics associated with ball-carrying capability amongst sub-elite rugby union players,and(ii)to predict the level of change in these physical characteristics required to improve the associated game statistic via regression *** Thirty-eight senior professional players(forwards,n=22;backs,n=16)were assessed for body mass(BM),back squat(BS)single-repetition maximum(1RM)normalised to BM(1RM/BM),10 m sprint velocity(S10),10 m sprint momentum(SM10),and the game statistics from 22 games within the 2019/20 RFU Championship *** relationship between these measures and the predicted level of change in a physical measure required to improve the total number of the associated game statistic by one were assessed by Pearson’s correlation coefficient and simple regression *** In forwards,an~11.5%reduction in BM,an~11.8%improvement in BS 1RM/BM,or an~11.5%increase in S10 was required to improve the game statistics associated with ball-carrying *** backs,a~19.3%increase in BM or a~15.6%improvement in SM10 was *** These findings demonstrate that improvements in lower-body relative strength,acceleration performance,and position-specific alterations in body mass are required to maximise the ball-carrying capability and therefore match outcome of sub-elite rugby union players.

关键词： Speed Acceleration Momentum Strength Body mass

Synthetically engineered microbes reveal interesting principles of cooperation

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Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2017年第1期11卷 3-14页

作者： Michael D. Dressier Corey j. clark Chelsea A. Thachettu Yasmine Zakaria Omar Tonsi Eldakar Robert P. Smith Department of Marine Biology and Environmental Science Halmos College of Natural Sciences and Oceanography Nova Southeastern University Fort Lauderdale FL 33314-7796 USA Department of Biological Sciences Halmos College of Natural Sciences and Oceanography Nova Southeastern University Fort Lauderdale FL 33314-7796 USA

Cooperation is ubiquitous in biological sys- tems. However, if natural selection favors traits that confer an advantage to one individual over another, then helping others would be paradoxical. Nevertheless, cooperation persists and is critical in maintaining homeostasis in systems ranging from populations of bacteria to groupings of mammals. Developing an understanding of the dynamics and mechanisms by which cooperation operates is critical in understanding ecological and evolutionary relationships. Over the past decade, synthetic biology has emerged as a powerful tool to study social dynamics. By engineering rationally controlled and modulatable beha- vior into microbes, we have increased our overall under- standing of how cooperation enhances, or conversely constrains, populations. Furthermore, it has increased our understanding of how cooperation is maintained within populations, which may provide a useful framework to influence populations by altering cooperation. As many bacterial pathogens require cooperation to infect the host and survive, the principles developed using synthetic biology offer promise of developing novel tools and strategies to treat infections, which may reduce the use of antimicrobial agents. Overall, the use of engineered cooperative microbes has allowed the field to verify existing, and develop novel, theories that may govern cooperative behaviors at all levels of biology.

关键词： synthetic biology engineered bacteria coop-eration cheater quorum sensing

Null Controllability of Some Reaction-Diffusion Systems with Only One Control Force in Moving Domains

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Chinese Annals of Mathematics,Series B 2016年第1期37卷 29-52页

作者： j. LIMACO M. clark A. MARINHO S. B. de MENEZES A. T. LOUREDO Universidade Federal Fluminense IM RJ Brazil Universidade Federal do Piaui DM PI Brazil Universidade Federal do Piaui DM PI Brazil Universidade Federal do Ceara DM CE Brazil Universidade Estadual da Pavaiba DM PB Brazil.

In this article, the authors establish the local null controllability property for semilinear parabolic systems in a domain whose boundary moves in time by a single control force acting on a prescribed subdomain. The proof is based on Kakutani＇s fixed point theorem combined with observability estimates for the associated lineaxized system.

关键词： Kakutani's fixed point theorem Unique continuation Null controllability

Measuring user preferences and behaviour in a topographic immersive virtual environment(TopoIVE)of 2D and 3D urban topographic data

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International j.urnal of Digital Earth 2021年第12期14卷 1835-1867页

作者： Łukasz Halik alexander j.Kent Department of Cartography and Geomatics Adam Mickiewicz UniversityPoznańPoland School of Psychology and Life Sciences Canterbury Christ Church UniversityCanterburyUK

This paper investigates user preferences and behaviour associated with 2D and 3D modes of urban representation within a novel Topographic Immersive Virtual Environment(TopoIVE)created from official 1:10,000 *** participants were divided into two groups:the first were given a navigational task within a simulated city and the second were given the freedom to explore it.A Head-Mounted Display(HMD)Virtual Reality(VR)app allowed participants to switch between 2D and 3D representations of buildings with a remote controller and their use of these modes during the experiment was *** performed mental rotation tests before entering the TopoIVE and were interviewed afterwards about their experiences using the *** results indicate that participants preferred the 3D mode of representation overall,although preference for the 2D mode was slightly higher amongst those undertaking the navigational task,and reveal that different wayfinding solutions were adopted by participants according to their ***,the findings suggest that users exploit different aspects of 2D and 3D modes of visualization in their wayfinding strategy,regardless of their *** potential to combine the functionality of 2D and 3D modes therefore offers substantial opportunities for the development of immersive virtual reality products derived from topographic datasets.

关键词： Virtual reality(VR) immersive virtual environment(IVE) 2D versus 3D wayfinding topographic data