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Increased paracellular permeability of tumor-adjacent areas in 1,2-dimethylhydrazine-induced colon carcinogenesis in rats

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Cancer Biology & Medicine 2018年第3期15卷 251-259页

作者： Viktoria V.Bekusova Evgeny L.Falchuk Larisa S.Okorokova Natalia M.Kruglova alexander d.nozdrachev alexander G.Markov department of Physiology St.Petersburg State University I.P.Pavlov Institute of Physiology Russian Academy of Sciences

Objective: The morphology and functions of the proximal and distal large intestine are not the same. The incidence of colorectal cancer in these regions is also different, as tumors more often appear in the descending colon than in the ascending *** bowel disease and colorectal cancer can increase transepithelial permeability, which is a sign of reduced intestinal barrier function. However, there is not enough evidence to establish a connection between the difference in colorectal cancer incidence in the proximal and distal colon and intestinal permeability or the effects of carcinogenesis on the barrier properties in various areas of the colon. The aim of the study was to assess the permeability of different segments of the large intestine according to a developed mapping methodology in healthy rats and rats with 1,2-dimethylhydrazine(dMH)-induced colon ***: The short circuit current, the transepithelial electrical resistance and the paracellular permeability to fluorescein of large intestine wall of male Wistar rats were examined in the Ussing chambers. The optical density of the solution from the serosa side to assess the concentration of the diffused fluorescein from mucosa to serosa was analyzed by spectrophotometry. The morphometric and histological studies were performed by optical ***: Rats with dMH-induced colon adenocarcinomas showed elevated transepithelial electrical resistance in the areas of neoplasm development. In contrast, there was no change in the electrophysiological properties of tumor adjacent areas, however,the paracellular permeability of these areas to fluorescein was increased compared to the control rats and was characterized by sharply reduced barrier ***: The barrier properties of the colon vary depending on tumor location. The tumors were less permeable than the intact intestinal wall and probably have a negative influence on tumor-adjacent tissues by disrupting their bar

关键词： Rat 1,2-dimethylhydrazine colorectal cancer Ussing chamber short circuit current transepithelial electrical resistance intestinal permeability

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Metformin prevents hormonal and metabolic disturbances and 1,2-dimethylhydrazine-induced colon carcinogenesis in non-diabetic rats

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Cancer Biology & Medicine 2017年第1期14卷 100-107页

作者： Viktoria V.Bekusova Vasily M.Patsanovskii alexander d.nozdrachev Alexandr P.Trashkov Margarita R.Artemenko Vladimir N.Anisimov department of Physiology St.Petersburg State UniversitySt.Petersburg 197183Russia I.P.Pavlov Institute of Physiology Russian Academy of Sciences St.Petersburg 199034Russia deparment of Experimental Pharmacology I.M.Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and BiochemistryThe Russian Academy of SciencesSt.Petersburg 194223Russia department of Carcinogenesis and Oncogerontology N.N.Petrov Research Institute of OncologySt.Petersburg 197758 Russia

Effects of two doses of the anti-diabetic drug, metformin （MF）, on hormonal and metabolic levels of serum of non-diabetic male Wistar rats with 1,2-dimethylhydrazine （dMH）-induced colon tumor adenocarcinomas were studied. Carcinogenesis in the animals was also observed. Rats with dMH-induced colon adenocarcinomas had elevated levels of serum glucose, insulin, insulin- like growth factor-l, total cholesterol, triglycerides, catalase, malonic dialdehyde, glycated hemoglobin, aspartate aminotransferase, and alanine aminotransferase and decreased hemoglobin. Treatment with two doses of MF normalized maiority of these changes in dMH-treated rats, whereas the drug was ineffective in rats without dMH treatment. The only exception was the decreased triglyceride levels in MF-treated rats. A 100 mg/kg dose of MF increased dMH-induced exophytic colon carcinomas and decreased endophytic tumors compared with untreated rats. Moreover, both MF doses increased dMH-induced and highly differentiated tumors and decreased the invasiveness of colon carcinomas compared with rats provided with dMH and water. Therefore, effects of MF on metabolic homeostasis are critical for preventing colon cancer.

关键词： Colon cancer prevention 1,2-dimethylhydrazine mefformin rat

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Treating amyotrophic lateral sclerosis with allogeneic Schwann cell-derived exosomal vesicles: a case report

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第4期20卷 1207-1216页

作者： Pascal J.Goldschmidt-Clermont Aisha Khan George Jimsheleishvili Patricia Graham Adriana Brooks Risset Silvera alexander J.P.Goldschmidt damien d.Pearse W.dalton dietrich Allan d.Levi James d.Guest Miller School of Medicine University of MiamiMiamiFLUSA Stem Cell Institute Miller School of MedicineUniversity of MiamiMiamiFLUSA The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis Miller School of MedicineUniversity of MiamiMiamiFLUSA Alzady International LLC MiamiFLUSA Neurological Surgery Miller School of MedicineUniversity of MiamiMiamiFLUSA

Schwann cells are essential for the maintenance and function of motor neurons,axonal networks,and the neuromuscular *** amyotrophic lateral sclerosis,where motor neuron function is progressively lost,Schwann cell function may also be ***,important signaling and potential trophic activities of Schwann cell-derived exosomal vesicles have been *** case report describes the treatment of a patient with advanced amyotrophic lateral sclerosis using serial intravenous infusions of allogeneic Schwann cell-derived exosomal vesicles,marking,to our knowledge,the first instance of such *** 81-year-old male patient presented with a 1.5-year history of rapidly progressive amyotrophic lateral *** initial diagnosis,the patient underwent a combination of generic riluzole,sodium phenylbutyrate for the treatment of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis,and *** patient volunteered to participate in an FdA-approved single-patient expanded access treatment and received weekly intravenous infusions of allogeneic Schwann cell-derived exosomal vesicles to potentially restore impaired Schwann cell and motor neuron *** confirmed that cultured Schwann cells obtained from the amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patient via sural nerve biopsy appeared impaired(senescent)and that exposure of the patient’s Schwann cells to allogeneic Schwann cell-derived exosomal vesicles,cultured expanded from a cadaver donor improved their growth capacity in *** a period of observation lasting 10 weeks,during which amyotrophic lateral sclerosis Functional Rating Scale-Revised and pulmonary function were regularly monitored,the patient received weekly consecutive infusions of 1.54×1012(×2),and then consecutive infusions of 7.5×1012(×6)allogeneic Schwann cell-derived exosomal vesicles diluted in 40 mL of dulbecco’s phosphate-buffered *** of the infusions were associated with adverse events such as infusion reactions(allergic or otherwise)or

关键词： allogeneic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis exosomes infusion neuromuscular junction Schwann cell

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Microglia:a promising therapeutic target in spinal cord injury

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第2期20卷 454-463页

作者： Xiaowei Zha Guoli Zheng Thomas Skutella Karl Kiening Andreas Unterberg alexander Younsi department of Neurosurgery Heidelberg University HospitalHeidelbergGermany department of Neuroanatomy Institute for Anatomy and Cell BiologyHeidelberg UniversityHeidelbergGermany

Microglia are present throughout the central nervous system and are vital in neural repair,nutrition,phagocytosis,immunological regulation,and maintaining neuronal *** a healthy spinal cord,microglia are accountable for immune surveillance,however,when a spinal cord injury occurs,the microenvironment drastically changes,leading to glial scars and failed axonal *** this context,microglia vary their gene and protein expression during activation,and proliferation in reaction to the injury,influencing injury responses both favorably and unfavorably.A dynamic and multifaceted injury response is mediated by microglia,which interact directly with neurons,astrocytes,oligodendrocytes,and neural stem/progenitor *** a clear understanding of their essential nature and origin,the mechanisms of action and new functions of microglia in spinal cord injury require extensive *** review summarizes current studies on microglial genesis,physiological function,and pathological state,highlights their crucial roles in spinal cord injury,and proposes microglia as a therapeutic target.

关键词： astrocytes cytokines functional recovery immune regulation M1/M2 activation macrophages microglia neuroinflammation spinal cord injury therapy

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Calcitonin Secretion under Insulin Hypoglycemia

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Open Journal of Endocrine and Metabolic diseases 2014年第11期4卷 231-237页

作者： Svetlana Stepanovna Moisa alexander danilovich nozdrachev Federal State-Financed Establishment of Science State Scientific Center of Russian Federation Institute of Biomedical Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow Russia Pavlov Institute of Physiology Russian Academy of Sciences St.-Petersburg Russia

The increasing secretion of calcitonin and hypocalcemia under insulin hypoglycemia, induced with insulin injection (1 IU/100g), was established. Physiological mechanisms of the stimulating effect of insulin hypoglycemia on calcitonin secretion were studied in double-side adrenalectomized and pancreatectomized rats and under the blocking synaptic transmission in sympathetic ganglions or via peripheral cholino- and adreno-receptor structures. Insulin hypoglycemia didn’t expose the increasing secretion of calcitonin in rats under adrenalectomy and pancreatectomy. Ganglion-blocker pentamin (2.5 mg/100g body weight), blocker of M-cholino-receptors atropine (0.2 ml), α-adreno-blocker tropaphen (0.1 mg/100g), and β-adreno-blocker obzidan (0.1 mg/100g) evoked the inhibiting effect on calcitonin secretion in spite of simultaneously increasing of hypog-lycemia. Corticosteroids and, obviously, glucagon and also the tone of autonomic nervous system via peripheral M-cholinoreactive and α- and β-adrenoreactive structures take part in the activation of calcitonin secretion under insulin hypoglycemia.

关键词： Calcitonin Insulin Hypoglycemia Autonomic Nervous System Glucocorticoids Glucagon

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One-Time Injection of Parathyrin Increases Glucose Tolerance

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Open Journal of Endocrine and Metabolic diseases 2013年第8期3卷 293-300页

作者： Svetlana Stepanovna Moisa alexander danilovich nozdrachev Federal State-Financed Establishment of Science State Scientific Center of Russian Federation Institute of Biomedical Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow Russia Institute of Physiology Named by I. P. Pavlov of the Russian Academy of Sciences St.-Petersburg Russia

One-time injection of domestic preparation of bull parathyrin—parathyreoidin (1 U/100g body weight, intramuscular) leads to a significant decrease of the blood glucose level and an increase of the serum calcium level in rats. There is a close negative correlation established between glucose and calcium level (r = ?0.813, P > 0.02). The calcium laktat load (9 mg) per os induces the same changes. There is a functional negative correlation established between glucose levels and total calcium content (r = ?0.997, P 0.01). It proves that the decrease of the blood glucose level under parathyrin injection is connected with hypercalcaemia. Parathyrin causes the reduction of the dynamics of hyperglycemia under the glucose load per os (30% solution, 1 ml/100g), i.e. parathyrin increases glucose tolerance. Glucose consumption by muscle (diaphragm) and adipose (epididymal) tissues in vivo and in vitro does not alter under parathyrin and it does not affect the stimulating effect of insulin on the process. The combinative effect of parathyrin and calcium channel blockers—isoptin (5 mg/kg, intraperitoneal) or nifedipin (1 mg/kg, intraperitoneal) reveals more intensive and lasting decrease of the blood glucose level in comparison with only parathyrin effect and more reduction of the dynamics of hyperglycemia under the glucose load. Thus, parathyrin decreases the blood glucose level, increases glucose tolerance and does not effect insulin resistance.

关键词： Parathyrin Calcium Metabolism Glucose Metabolism Calcium Channel Blocker Insulin Agonist Glucose Tolerance Glucoregulating Hormone

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Biomimetic flexible plate actuators are faster and more efficient with a passive attachment

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Acta Mechanica Sinica 2016年第6期32卷 1001-1011页

作者： Peter d.Yeh alexander Alexeev George W.Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology

Using three-dimensional computer simulations, we probe biomimetic free swimming of an internally actuated flexible plate in the regime near the first natural frequency. The plate is driven by an oscillating internal moment approximating the actuation mechanism of a piezoelectric macro fiber composite (MFC) bimorph. We show in our simulations that the addition of a passive attachment increases both swimming velocity and efficiency. Specifically, if the active and passive sections are of similar size, the overall performance is the best. We determine that this optimum is a result of two competing factors. If the passive section is too large, then the actuated portion is unable to generate substantial deflection to create sufficient thrust. On the other hand, a large actuated section leads to a bending pattern that is inefficient at generating thrust especially at higher frequencies.

关键词： Flexible plate Biomimetic Lattice Boltzmann Fluid-structure interaction Robotic fish Piezoelectric actuator

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Improved proper motion determinations for 15 open clusters based on the UCAC4 catalog

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2016年第7期16卷 39-46页

作者： alexander Kurtenkov Nadezhda dimitrova alexander Atanasov Teodor d.Aleksiev department of Astronomy University of Sofia5 James Bourchier Blvd.1164 SofiaBulgaria Institute of Astronomy and National Astronomical Observatory Bulgarian Academy of Sciences72 Tsarigradsko Shose Blvd.1784 SofiaBulgaria Anglo-American School of Sofia 1 Siyanie Str.1138 SofiaBulgaria Geo Milev High School of Mathematics Storgozia5802 PlevenBulgaria Sofia High School of Mathematics 61 Iskar Str.1000 SofiaBulgaria

The proper motions of 15 nearby（d 〈 1 kpc） open clusters（OCs） were recalculated using data from the UCAC4 catalog. Only evolved or main sequence stars inside a certain radius from the center of the cluster were used. The results significantly differ from the ones presented by dias et al.（2014）. This could be explained by a different approach in which we take the field star contamination into account. The present work aims to emphasize the importance of applying photometric criteria for the calculation of OC proper motions.

关键词： proper motions Galaxy open clusters and associations general

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Recovery of Brachiopod and Ammonoid Faunas Following the End-Permian Crisis:Additional Evidence from the Lower Triassic of the Russian Far East and Kazakhstan

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Journal of Earth Science 2014年第1期25卷 1-44页

作者： Yuri d Zakharov alexander M Popov Far Eastern Geological Institute Far Eastern BranchRussian Academy of Sciences

After the End-Permian mass extinction, ammonoids reached levels of taxonomic diver- sity higher than in the Changhsingian by the dienerian Substage of the Induan. However, brachiopods exhibit a prolonged delay in recovery, and their taxonomic diversity had not recovered to Late Permian levels even by the Olenekian. The differential patterns of recovery between these two clades may reflect fundamental differences in physiology and behavior. Brachiopods were benthic organisms that were dependent on specific trophic sources, and their general reduction in size during the Early Triassic may have been a response to a relative paucity of food resources. In contrast, ammonoids were sluggish- nektic organisms that utilized a wider range of trophic sources and that suffered no comparable size decrease during the Early Triassic. Brachiopods may have been at a disadvantage also due to vulner- abilities associated with their larval stage, during which they had to locate a suitable substrate for set- tlement. In contrast, ammonoids had no larval stage and juveniles may have been dispersed widely into favorable habitats. These factors may account for differences in the relative success of ammonoids and brachiopods at high-latitude regions following the End-Permian mass extinction： ammonoids success- fully reeolonized the Boreal region during the Early Triassic whereas brachiopods did not.

关键词： Lower Triassic South Primorye Kazakhstan brachiopod ammonoid biotic recovery.

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Gushing metal chain

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Frontiers of Mechanical Engineering 2016年第1期11卷 95-100页

作者： alexander BELYAEV alexander SUKHANOV alexander TSVETKOV Institute of Applied Mathematics and Mechanics Saint-Petersburg Polytechnic University St. Petersburg 195251 Russia

This article addresses the problem in which a chain falls from a glass from some height. This phenomenon demonstrates a paradoxical rise of the chain over the glass. To explain this effect, an initial hypothesis and an appropriate theory are proposed for calculating the steady fall parameters of the chain. For this purpose, the modified Cayley ＇s problem of falling chain given its rise due to the centrifugal force of upward inertia is solved. Results show that the lift caused by an increase in linear density at the part of chain where it is being bent （the upper part） is due to the convergence of the chain balls to one another. The experiments confirm the obtained estimates of the lifting chain.

关键词： chain fountain Meshchersky equation,Cayley's problem

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